{"id":30185,"date":"2024-12-06T06:59:35","date_gmt":"2024-12-06T01:29:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/?p=30185"},"modified":"2024-12-07T10:04:45","modified_gmt":"2024-12-07T04:34:45","slug":"samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-11\/","title":{"rendered":"Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 11 Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide<\/a> Pdf Chapter 11 Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.<\/p>\n

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 11 Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers<\/h2>\n

12th Chemistry Guide Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers Text Book Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Part – I Text Book Evaluation<\/span><\/p>\n

I. Choose the correct answer<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nAn alcohol (x) gives blue colour in victormayer\u2019s test and 3.7g of X when treated with metallic sodium liberates 560 mL of hydrogen at 273 K and 1 atm pressure what will be the possible structure of X?
\n(a) CH3<\/sub> CH (OH) CH2<\/sub>CH3<\/sub>
\n(b) CH3<\/sub> – CH(OH) – CH3<\/sub>
\n(c) CH3<\/sub> – C (OH) (CH3<\/sub>)2<\/sub>
\n(d) CH3<\/sub> – CH2<\/sub> – CH (OH) – CH2<\/sub> – CH3<\/sub>
\nAnswer:
\n(a) CH3<\/sub> CH (OH) CH2<\/sub>CH3<\/sub>
\nHint:
\n2R – OH + Na \u2192 2RONa + 2H2<\/sub> \u2191 2 moles of alcohol gives 1 mole of H2<\/sub> which occupies
\n22.4L at 273K and 1 atm
\nnumber of moles of alcohol = \\(\\frac{2 \\text { moles of } \\mathrm{R}-\\mathrm{OH}}{22.4 \\mathrm{L} \\text { of } \\mathrm{H}_{2}}\\) x 560 mL = 0.05 moles
\nnumber of moles = \\(\\frac{\\text { mass }}{\\text { molar mass }}\\)
\n= molar mass = \\(\\frac{3.7}{0.05}\\) = 74 g mol-1<\/sup>
\nGeneral formula for
\nR – OH Cn<\/sub> H2n+1<\/sub> – OH
\nn(12) + (2n+1) (1) + 16 +1 = 74
\n14n = 74 – 18
\n14n = 56
\nn = \\(\\frac { 56 }{ 4 }\\) = 4
\nThe 2\u00b0 alcohol which contains 4 carbon is CHn<\/sub> CH(OH)CH2<\/sub> CH3<\/sub><\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWhich of the following compounds on reaction with methyl magnesium bromide will give tertiary alcohol.
\n(a) benzaldehyde
\n(b) propanoic acid
\n(c) methyl propanoate
\n(d) acetaldehyde
\nAnswer:
\n(c) methyl propanoate
\nSolution:
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\n\"Samacheer
\n\"Samacheer
\nAnswer:
\na
\nSolution:
\nhydro boration – Anti markownikoff product
\ni.e CH3<\/sub> – CH2<\/sub> – CH – CH2<\/sub> – CH2<\/sub> – OH<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nIn the reaction sequence, Ethane
\n\"Samacheer
\nEthan – 1, 2 – diol. A and X respectively are ………….
\n(a) Chioroethane and NaOH
\n(b) ethanol and H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>
\n(c) 2 – chloroethan – 1 – ol and NaHCO3<\/sub>
\n(d) ethanol and H2<\/sub>O
\nAnswer:
\n(c) 2 – chloroethan – 1 – ol and NaHCO3<\/sub>\\
\n\"Samacheer
\nSolution:
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nWhich one of the following is the strongest acid ………..
\n(a) 2 – nitrophenol
\n(b) 4 – chlorophenol
\n(c) 4 – nitrophenol
\n(d) 3 – nitrophenol
\nAnswer:
\n(c) 4 – nitrophenol<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\n\"Samacheer
\non treatment with Con. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>, predominately gives ……………..
\n\"Samacheer
\n\"Samacheer
\nAnswer:
\nb
\nSolution:
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nCarbolic acid is …………..
\n(a) Phenol
\n(b) Picric acid
\n(c) benzoic acid
\n(d) phenylacetic acid
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Phenol<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 8.
\nWhich one of the following will react with phenol to give salicyladehyde after hydrolysis …………..
\n(a) Dichioro methane
\n(b) trichioroethane
\n(c) trichloro methane
\n(d) CO2<\/sub>
\nAnswer:
\n(c) trichloro methane (Riemer Tiemann reaction)<\/p>\n

Question 9.
\n\"Samacheer
\n(a) (CH3<\/sub>)3<\/sub> CCH = CH2<\/sub>
\n(b) (CH3<\/sub>)2<\/sub> C = C (CH3<\/sub>)2<\/sub>
\n(c) CH2<\/sub> = C(CH3<\/sub>)CH2<\/sub> – CH2<\/sub> – CH3<\/sub>
\n(d) CH2<\/sub> = C (CH3<\/sub>) – CH2<\/sub> – CH2<\/sub> – CH3<\/sub>
\nAnswer:
\n(b) (CH3<\/sub>)2<\/sub> C = C (CH3<\/sub>)2<\/sub>
\nSolution:
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 10.
\nThe correct IUPAC name of the compound,
\n\"Samacheer
\n(a) 4 – chloro – 2, 3 – dimethyl pentan – 1 – ol
\n(b) 2, 3 – dimethyl – 4 – chloropentan – 1 – ol
\n(c) 2, 3, 4 – trimethyl – 4 – chiorobutan – 1 – ol
\n(d) 4 – chioro – 2, 3, 4 – trimethyl pentan – 1 – ol
\nAnswer:
\n(a) 4 – chloro – 2, 3 – dimethyl pentan – 1 – ol<\/p>\n

Question 11.
\nAssertion: Phenol is more acidic than ethanol
\nReason: Phenoxide ion is resonance stabilized
\n(a) if both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
\n(b) if both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
\n(c) assertion is true but reason is false
\n(d) both assertion and reason are false.
\nAnswer:
\nif both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.<\/p>\n

Question 12.
\nIn the reaction Ethanol
\n\"Samacheer
\nis ………………
\n(a) ethane
\n(b) ethoxyethane
\n(c) ethylbisuiphite
\n(d) ethanol
\nAnswer:
\n(d) ethanol
\nSolution:
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 13.
\nThe reaction
\n\"Samacheer
\ncan be classified as
\n(a) dehydration
\n(b) Williams on alcohol synthesis
\n(c) Williamson ether synthesis
\n(d) dehydrogenation of alcohol
\nAnswer:
\n(c) Williamson ether synthesis
\nSolution:
\nCyclic alcohol \u2192 sodium cyclic alkoxide \u2192 Williamson ether synthesis<\/p>\n

Question 14.
\nIsoprophylbcnzene on air oxidation in the presence of dilute acid gives …………
\n(a) C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>COOH
\n(b) C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>COCH3<\/sub>
\n(c) C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>COC6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>
\n(d) C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub> – OH
\nAnswer:
\n(a) C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub> – OH (phenol)<\/p>\n

Question 15.
\nAssertion: Phenol is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic substitution reaction
\nReason: In the case of phenol. the intermediate arenium ion is more stabilized by resonance.
\n(a) if both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
\n(b) if both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
\n(c) assertion is true but reason is false
\n(d) both assertion and reason are false,.
\nAnswer:
\n(a) if both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 16.
\nHO CH2<\/sub> CH2<\/sub> – OH on heating with periodic acid gives ………..
\n(a) methanoic acid
\n(b) Glyoxal
\n(c) methanol
\n(d) CO2<\/sub>
\nAnswer:
\n(c) methanol<\/p>\n

Question 17.
\nWhich of the following compound can be used as artireeze in automobile radiators?
\n(a) methanol
\n(b) ethanol
\n(c) Neopentyl alcohol
\n(d) ethan -1, 2-diol
\nAnswer:
\n(d) ethan -1, 2-diol<\/p>\n

Question 18.
\nThe reaction
\n\"Samacheer
\nis an example of …………..
\n(a) Wurtz reaction
\n(b) cyclic reaction
\n(c) Williamson reaction
\n(d) Kolbe reactions
\nAnswer:
\n(c) Kolbe reactions<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 19.
\nOne mole of an organic compound (A) with the formula C3<\/sub>H8<\/sub>O reacts completely with two moles of HI to form X and Y. When Y is boiled with aqueous alkali it forms Z. Z answers the iodoform test. The compound (A) is ……………
\n(a) propan – 2 – ol
\n(b) propan- 1- ol
\n(c) ethoxy ethane
\n(d) methoxy ethane
\nAnswer:
\n(d) methoxy ethane
\nSolution:
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 20.
\nAmong the following ethers which one will produce methyl alcohol on treatment with hot HI?
\n\"Samacheer
\nAnswer:
\na
\nSolution:
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 21.
\nWilliamson synthesis of preparing dimethyl ether is a \/ an
\n(a) SN1<\/sup> reactions
\n(b) SN2<\/sup> reaction
\n(c) electrophilic addition
\n(d) electrophilic substitution
\nAnswer:
\n(b) SN2<\/sup> reaction<\/p>\n

Question 22.
\nOn reacting with neutral ferric chloride, phenol gives
\n(a) red colour
\n(b) violet colour
\n(c) dark green colour
\n(d) no colouration
\nAnswer:
\n(b) violet colour<\/p>\n

II. Short Answer<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nIdentIfy the product (s) is\/are formed when 1 – methoxy propane is heated with excess HI. Name the mechanism involved in the reaction.
\nAnswer:
\n\"Samacheer
\nEthers having primary alkyl group undergo \\(\\mathrm{S}_{\\mathrm{N}}^{2}\\) reaction<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nDraw the major product formed when 1 – ethoxyprop – 1 – ene is heated with one equivalent of HI
\nAnswer:
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nSuggest a suitable reagent to prepare secondary alcohol with an identical groups using a Grignard reagent.
\nAnswer:
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is the major product obtained when two moles of ethyl magnesium bromide is treated with methyl benzoate followed by acid hydrolysis
\nAnswer:
\n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nPredict the major product, when 2-methyl but – 2 – ene is converted into alcohol in each of the following methods.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Acid-catalyzed hydration<\/li>\n
  2. Hydroboration<\/li>\n
  3. Hydroxylation using bayers reagent<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Answer:
    \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 6.
    \nArrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling point and give a reason for your ordering<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Butan – 2 – ol, Butan – 1 – SI, 2 – methylpropan – 2 – ol<\/li>\n
    2. Propan – 1 – ol, propan – 1, 2, 3 – triol, propan – 1, 3 – diol, propan – 2 – ol<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Answer:
      \n1. Boiling points increases regularly as the molecular mass increases due to a corresponding increase in their Van der Waal’s force of attraction. Among isomeric alcohols, 2\u00b0 – alcohols have lower boiling points than 1\u00b0 – alcohols due to a corresponding decrease in the extent<\/p>\n

      of H-bonding because of steric hindrance. Thus the boiling point of Butan – 2 – ol is lower than that of Butan – 1 – ol. Overall increasing order of boiling points is, 2 – methyl propane – 2 – ol < Butan – 2 – ol < Butan – 1 – ol<\/p>\n

      2. 2\u00b0-alcohols have lower boiling points than 1\u00b0 – alcohols due to a corresponding decrease in the extent of H – bonding because of steric hindrance. Therefore Propan – 1 – ol has higher boiling point than Propan – 2 – ol. The hydrogen group increases, boiling point also increases. Overall increasing order of boiling points is, propan – 2 – ol < Propan – 1 – ol < propan – 1, 3 – diol < propan -1, 2, 3 – triol<\/p>\n

      Question 7.
      \nCan we use nucleophiles such as NH3<\/sub>, CH3<\/sub>O for the Nucleophilic substitution of alcohols
      \nAnswer:
      \n1. Increasing order of nucleophilicity,
      \nNH3<\/sub> < – OH\u2295<\/sup> < CH3<\/sub>O\u2296-<\/sup><\/p>\n

      2. Higher electron density will increase the nucleophilicity.<\/p>\n

      3. Negatively charged species are almost always more nucleophiles than neutral species.<\/p>\n

      4. RO\u2296<\/sup> has an alkyl group attached, allowing a greater amount of polarizability. This means oxygen\u2019s lone pairs will be more readily available to reach in RO\u2296<\/sup> than in OH\u2296<\/sup>. Hence CH3<\/sub>O – is the better nucleophile for the nucleophilic substitution of alcohols. NH3<\/sub> cannot act as nucleophiles for the nucleophilic substitution of alcohols.<\/p>\n

      \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

      Question 8.
      \nIs it possible to oxidise t – butyl alcohol using acidified dichromate to form a carbonyic compound.
      \nAnswer:
      \n3\u00b0 – alcohols do not undergo oxidation reaction under normal conditions, but at elevated temperature, under strong oxidising agent cleavage of C – C bond takes place to give a mixture of carboxylic acid.<\/p>\n

      Yes, it is possible. t – butyl alcohol is readily oxidsing in acidic solution (K2<\/sub>Cr2<\/sub>O7<\/sub> \/ H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>) to a mixture of a ketone and an acid each containing lesser number of carbon atoms than the original alcohol. The oxidation presumably occur via alkenes formed through dehydration of alcohols under acidic conditions.
      \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

      Question 9.
      \nWhat happens when 1 – phenyl ethanol is treated with acidified KMnO4<\/sub>.
      \nAnswer:
      \n1 – phenyl ethanol reacts with acidified KMnO4<\/sub> to give Acetophenone.
      \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

      Question 10.
      \nWrite the mechanism of acid catalysed dehydration of ethanol to give ethene.
      \nAnswer:
      \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

      Question 11.
      \nHow is phenol prepared form<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. chloro benzene<\/li>\n
      2. isopropyl benzene<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Answer:
        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

        Question 12.
        \nExplain Kolbe\u2019s reaction
        \nAnswer:
        \nKolbe\u2019s (or) Kolbe\u2019s Schmitt reaction:
        \nIn this reaction, phenol is first converted into sodium phenoxide which is more reactive than phenol towards electrophilic substitution reaction with CO2<\/sub>. Treatment of sodium phenoxide with CO2<\/sub> at 400K, 4 -7 bar pressure followed by acid hydrolysis gives salicylic acid.
        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

        Question 13.
        \nWrites the chemical equation for Williamson synthesis of 2 – ethoxy – 2 – methyl pentane starting from ethanol and 2 – methyl pentan – 2 – ol
        \nAnswer:
        \nA tertiary alkoxide and primary alkyl halide easily undergo williamson ether synthesis
        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

        Question 14.
        \nWrite the structure of the aldehyde, carboxylic acid and ester that yield 4 – methylpent – 2 – en – 1 – ol.
        \nAnswer:
        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

        Question 15.
        \nWhat is metamerism? Give the structure and IUPAC name of metamers of 2 – methoxy propane
        \nAnswer:
        \nMetamerism:
        \nIt is a special type of isomerism in which molecules with same formula, same functional group, but different only in the nature of the alkyl group attached to oxygen.<\/p>\n

        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

        Question 16.
        \nHow are the following conversions effected<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. benzyl chlorjde to benzyl alcohol<\/li>\n
        2. benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Answer:
          \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 17.
          \nComplete the following reactions
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nAnswer:
          \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 18.
          \nO.44g of a monohydric alcohol when added to methyl magnesium iodide in ether liberates at STP 112 cm3<\/sup> of methane with PCC the same alcohol form a carbonyl compound that answers silver mirror test. Identify the compound.
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nCn<\/sub>H2n+1<\/sub>+OH
          \n\u21d2 n x 12+ (2n + 1) x 1 + 1 x 16 + 1 x 1 = 88
          \n12n + 2n + 1 + 16 + 1 = 88
          \n14n + 18 = 88
          \n14n = 88 – 18
          \n14n = 70
          \nn = 70\/14 = 5
          \nAnswer:
          \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 19.
          \nComplete the following reactions
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nAnswer:
          \n\"Samacheer \"Samacheer
          \n(According to Saytzeff s rule, during intramolecular dehydration, if there is a possibility to form C = C bond at different locations, the preferred location is the one that gives the more substituted alkene je, the stable alkene).<\/p>\n

          Question 20.
          \nPhenol is distilled with Zn dust gives (A) followed by Friedel – crafts alkylation with propyl chloride to give a compound B, B on oxidation gives (C). Identify A,B and C.
          \nAnswer:
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nNote:
          \nCarbon directly attached to the aromatic ri\u00f1g is called benzylic carbon.
          \nIf there is hydrogen attached to benzylic carbon it will undergo oxidation.<\/p>\n

          Question 21.
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nIdentify A, B, C, D and write the complete equation.
          \nAnswer:
          \n\"Samacheer \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 22.
          \nWhat will be the product for the following reaction
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nAnswer:
          \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 23.
          \nHow will you convert acetylene into n – butyl alcohol.
          \nAnswer:
          \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 24.
          \nPredict the product A, B, X and Y in the following sequence of reaction
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nAnswer:
          \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 25.
          \n3,3 – dimethyl butane – 2 – ol on treatment with conc. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> to give tetramethyl ethylene as a major product. Suggest suitable mechanisms.
          \nAnswer:
          \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          III. Evaluate yourself<\/span><\/p>\n

          Question 1.
          \nClassify the following alcohols as 10<\/sup>, 20<\/sup>, and 30<\/sup> and give their IUPAC Names.
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          a 2\u00b0 alcohol<\/td>\n5- bromo -5- methyl -3 hexanol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          b 3\u00b0 alcohol<\/td>\n3 – ethyl -3- pentanol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          c 2\u00b0 alcohol<\/td>\n3- chiorobut -3- en – 1 – o!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          d 2\u00b0alcohol<\/td>\n6-bromohept-3-en-2-ol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          e 3\u00b0 alcohol<\/td>\n3- phenyl -3 – pentanol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 2.
          \nWrite all the possible isomers of alcohol having the molecular formula C15<\/sub>H12<\/sub>O and their IUPAC names.
          \nAnswer:
          \nEight isomers are possible for C15<\/sub>H12<\/sub>O. They are,
          \n\"Samacheer \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 3.
          \nSuggest a suitable carbonyl compound for the preparation of pent – 2 – en – 1 ol using LiAlH4<\/sub>.
          \nAnswer:
          \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 4.
          \n2 – methylpropan – 2 – ene
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nAnswer:
          \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 5.
          \nHow will you prepare the following using a Grignard reagent?<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. t – butyl alcohol<\/li>\n
          2. allyl alcohol<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Answer:
            \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

            Question 6.
            \nIdentify the products in the following reactions. Write their IUPAC names and mention the mechanism involved in the reactions.
            \n\"Samacheer
            \nAnswer:
            \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

            \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

            Question 7.
            \nWhat is the major product obtained when 2, 3 – dimethyl pentan – 3 – ol is heated in the presence of H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>
            \nAnswer:
            \n\"Samacheer \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

            Question 8.
            \nWhich of the following set of reactants will give 1 – methoxy – 4 – nitrobenzene.
            \n\"Samacheer
            \nAnswer:
            \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

            Question 9.
            \nWhat happens when m – cresol is treated with an acidic solution of sodium dichromate?
            \nAnswer:
            \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

            Question 10.
            \nWhen phenol is treated with propan – 2 – ol in the presence of HF, Friedel – Craft reaction takes place. Identify the products.
            \nAnswer:
            \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

            \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

            Question 11.
            \nGiven the IUPAC name for the following ethers and classify them as simple or mixed.
            \nAnswer:
            \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

            Question 12.
            \n1. Which of the following reaction will give 1 – methoxy – 4 – nitrobenzene.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. 4 – nitro – 1 – bromobenzene + sodium methoxide.<\/li>\n
            2. 4 – nitrosodium phenoxide + bromomethane<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Answer:
              \n4-nitrosodium phenoxide + bromo methane \u2192 1 – methoxy – 4 – nitrobenzene
              \n\"Samacheer
              \nReason: 4 – nitro -1- brornobnzene + sodium methoxide can not be used, because bromine is strongly bonded to carbon atom of hcnzcne ring and it can not be replaced easily.<\/p>\n

              Question 13.
              \nArrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their acid strength. propan – 1 – ol, 2, 4, 6 – trinitroptienol, 3 – nitrophenol, 3,5 – dinitrophenol, phenol, 4 – methyl phenol.
              \nAnswer:
              \nPhenols are stronger acids than alcohols because the phenoxide ion left after the removal of proton is stabilized by resonance while the alkoxide ion left after the removal of a proton from alcohol is not stabilized. Thus propan – 1 – ol is much weaker acid than any phenol.<\/p>\n

              Thus propan- 1 – ol is a much weaker acid than any phenol. We know that electron-donating groups decrease the acidic character and stronger is the electron-donating group, weaker is the phenol.<\/p>\n

              Compare to propan – 1 – ol, 4 – methyl phenol is a stronger acidic character. But comparing phenol and 4-methyl phenol, phenol is stronger acidic. Since electron-withdrawing groups increase the acidic character of phenols and the effect is more pronounced at the para position than at the meta position.<\/p>\n

              Therefore 4 – nitrophenol is a stronger acid than 3 – nitro phenol. Further as the number of electron-withdrawing groups increases the acidic strength further increases. Therefore 2, 4, 6 – trinitrophenol is a stronger acid than 3, 5 – dinitrophenol. It may be noted here that although the two nitro groups in 3, 5 – dinitrophenol are at m – position with respect to OH group,<\/p>\n

              their combined effect is however greater than one nitro group at p – position. Therefore 3, 5 – dinitrophenol is a stronger acid than 4-nitro phenol. Thus, the overall increasing order of acid strength is. Propan – 1 – 01 < 4 – methyl phenol < phenol < 3 – nitrophenol < 3, 5 – dinitrophenol < 2, 4, 6 – trinitrophenol.<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 14.
              \n1 mole of HI is allowed to react with t – butyl methylether. Identify the product and write down the mechanism of the reaction.
              \nAnswer:
              \n\"Samacheer
              \nThe reaction involves the protonation of oxygen which is followed by the SN1 mechanism.
              \nThe products are t-butvl iodide and methyl alcohol.<\/p>\n

              12th Chemistry Guide Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers Additional Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

              Part \u2013 II \u2013 Additional Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

              I. Choose the correct answer<\/span><\/p>\n

              Question 1.
              \nIn ethanol the – OH group is attached to hybridised carbon
              \na) sp
              \nb) sp2 <\/sup>
              \nc) sp3<\/sup>
              \nd) dsp2<\/sup>
              \nAns :
              \nc) sp3<\/sup><\/p>\n

              Question 2.
              \nIn Vinyl alcohol the -OH group is attached to hvbridised carbon
              \na) sp
              \nb) sp2 <\/sup>
              \nc) sp3<\/sup>
              \nd) dsp2<\/sup>
              \nAns :
              \nb) sp2 <\/sup><\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 3.
              \nSorbitol is
              \na) monohydric alcohol
              \nb) dihydric alcohol
              \nc) trihydric alcohol
              \nd) hexa hydric alcohol
              \nAnswer:
              \nd) hexa hydric alcohol<\/p>\n

              Question 4.
              \nThe IUPAC name of sorbitol is
              \na) Ethan -1, 2 – diol
              \nb) Propan – 1, 2, 3 – triol
              \nc) Hexan – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 – hexol
              \nd) Ethenol
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) Hexan – 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6 – hexol<\/p>\n

              Question 5.
              \n\"Samacheer
              \na) prop – 2 – en – 1 – ol
              \nb) 2 – methyl but – 3 – en – 2 ol
              \nc) 3 – methyl but – 1 – en – 3 – ol
              \nd) 1,1 – di methyl prop – 2 – en – 1 – ol
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) 2 – methyl but – 3 – en – 2 ol<\/p>\n

              Question 6.
              \nThe C – O – H bond angle in methanol is
              \na) 107\u00b0
              \nb) 109\u00b0.5\u00b0
              \nc) 108.9\u00b0
              \nd) 104\u00b0
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) 108.9\u00b0<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 7.
              \nCH3<\/sub>-CH2<\/sub>-a + NaOH \u2192 CH3<\/sub>-CH2<\/sub>-OH + NaCl This reaction follows mechanism
              \na) \\(S_{N}^{1}[latex]
              \nb) [latex]S_{N}^{2}\\)
              \nc) E1<\/sup>
              \nd) E2<\/sup>
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) \\(S_{N}^{2}\\)<\/p>\n

              Question 8.
              \nConversion of isobutyl chloride and isopropyl chloride into isobutyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol respectively using dilute aquous NaOH follow the mechnisms
              \n\"Samacheer
              \nAnswer:
              \nc)
              \nReason : Isobutylchloride – Primary alkyl halide – \\(S_{N}^{2}\\) mechanism.
              \nIso propyl chloride – Secondary alkyl halide – Sjsj mechanism.
              \n\\(S_{N}^{1}\\)<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 9.
              \nAddition of water across the double bond
              \nof an unsymmetrical alkene follows
              \na) Saytzeffs rule
              \nb) Markownikoff’s rule
              \nc) anti Markownikoff’s rule
              \nd) Popoff’s rule
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) Markownikoff\u2019s rule<\/p>\n

              Question 10.
              \nHydroboration of an alkene follows
              \na) Saytzeff’s rule
              \nb) Markownikoff’s rule
              \nc) anti Markownikoff’s rule
              \nd) Popoff’s rule
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) anti – Markownikoff’s rule<\/p>\n

              Question 11.
              \nAddition of water to 2-methyl propene in
              \npresence of cone, sulphuric acid gives
              \na) 2-propanol
              \nb) 2 – methyl – 2 – propanol
              \nc) 2 – methyl – 1 – propanol
              \nd) 2 – butanol
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) 2 – methyl – 2 – propanol
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 12.
              \n2 – methyl propene reacts with diborane followed by H2O2 in presence of NaOH gives
              \na) 2 – proponol
              \nb) 2 – methyl – 2 – propanol
              \nc) 2 – methyl – 1 – propanol
              \nd) 2 – butanol
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) 2 – methyl -1 – propanol
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 13.
              \nTo prepare a primary alcohol a Grignard reagent must be reacted with
              \na) HCHO
              \nb) RCHO
              \nc) RCOR
              \nd) RNH2<\/sub>
              \nAnswer:
              \na) HCHO<\/p>\n

              Question 14.
              \nTo prepare a secondary alcohol a
              \nGrignard reagent must be reacted with
              \na) HCHO
              \nb) RCHO
              \nc) RCOR
              \nd) RNH2<\/sub>
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) RCHO<\/p>\n

              Question 15.
              \nTo prepare a tertiary alcohol a Grignard reagent must be reacted with
              \na) HCHO
              \nb) RCHO
              \nc) RCOR
              \nd) RNH2<\/sub>
              \nAns:
              \nb) RCOR<\/p>\n

              Question 16.
              \nPhenyl magnesium bromide reacts with formaldehyde followed by hydrolysis gives
              \na) phenol
              \nb) Benzyl alcohol
              \nc) Benzaldehyde
              \nd) Benzoic acid
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) Benzyl alcohol
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 17.
              \nName the product obtained when 1 mole of methyl magnesium bromide reacts with ethyl methanoate
              \na) propan -2- ol
              \nb) propan – 1 – ol
              \nc) ethanal
              \nd) ethanol
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) ethanal
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 18.
              \n\"Samacheer
              \nThe reducing agent X is
              \na) Ramey Ni
              \nb) NaBH4<\/sub>
              \nc) LiA\/H4<\/sub>
              \nd) Na – Hg
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) NaBH4<\/sub><\/p>\n

              Question 19.
              \nThe best reducing agent to prepare unsaturated alcohols from unsaturated carbonyl compounds is
              \na) Raney Ni
              \nb) NaBH4<\/sub>
              \nc) LiA\/H4<\/sub>
              \nd) both (b) & (c)
              \nAnswer:
              \nd) both (b) & (c)<\/p>\n

              Question 20.
              \nEthene is converted into ethylene glycol by treating with
              \na) acidified potassium dichromate
              \nb) alkaline potassium permanganate
              \nc) Chromyl chloride
              \nd) nitric acid
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) alkaline potassium permanganate<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 21.
              \nCold dilute alkaline potassium permanganate is called as
              \na) Fenton’s reagent
              \nb) Tollen’s reagent
              \nc) Baeyer’s reagent
              \nd) Schiff’s reagent
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) Baeyer’s reagent<\/p>\n

              Question 22.
              \nGlyceryl palmitate on alkaline hydrolysis gives
              \na) glycerol and soap
              \nb) glycerol and sodium palmitate
              \nc) glycerol and sodium hexadentate
              \nd) all the above
              \nAnswer:
              \nd) all the above<\/p>\n

              Question 23.
              \nThe preparation of glycerol and soap from oils and fats is known as
              \na) esterification
              \nb) saponification
              \nc) hydroboration
              \nd) transesterification
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) saponification<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 24.
              \nLucas reagent is
              \na) dil HCl & ZnCl2<\/sub>
              \nb) Cone. HCl & anhydrous ZnCl2<\/sub>
              \nc) dil H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> & AlCl3<\/sub>
              \nd) Conc. H2SO4 & anhydrous AlCl3
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) Cone. HCl & anhydrous ZnCl2<\/sub><\/p>\n

              Question 25.
              \nWhich among the following will give immediate turbidity with Lucas reagent?
              \na) propan – 2 – ol
              \nb) propan – 1 – ol
              \nc) 2 – methyl propan – 2 – ol
              \nd) 2 – methyl propan – 1 – ol
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) 2 – methyl propan – 2 – ol
              \nHint: A teritary alcohol gives immediate turbidity<\/p>\n

              Question 26.
              \nIn Victor Meyer\u2019s test, the alcohol which
              \ngives blue colour is
              \na) propan – 2 – ol
              \nb) propan – 1 – ol
              \nc) 2 – methyl propan – 2 – ol
              \nd) 2 – methyl propan – 1 – ol
              \nAnswer:
              \na) propan – 2 – ol
              \nHint: A secondary alcohol gives blue colour.<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 27.
              \nIn the given equation
              \n\"Samacheer
              \n\"Samacheer
              \nAnswer:
              \nc<\/p>\n

              Question 28.
              \nAmong butyl alcohols which one have the lowest boiling point?
              \na) n-butyl alcohol
              \nb) isobutyl alcohol
              \nc) sec-butyl alcohol
              \nd) ter – butyl alcohol
              \nAnswer:
              \nd) ter – butyl alcohol Hint: Increasing order of boiling point is 30 < 2\u00b0 < 1\u00b0<\/p>\n

              Question 29.
              \nWhich among the alcohol has a higher boiling point?
              \na) n-butyl alcohol
              \nb) n-propyl alcohol
              \nc) ethyl alcohol
              \nd) methyl alcohol
              \nAnswer:
              \na) n-butyl alcohol
              \nHint: As molecular weight of the alcohol increases, boiling point increases.<\/p>\n

              Question 30.
              \nWhich among the following is less soluble in water?
              \na) n-butyl alcohol
              \nb) n-propyl alcohol
              \nc) ethyl alcohol
              \nd) methyl alcohol
              \nAnswer:
              \na) n-butyl alcohol Hint: As the molecular weight increases, the solubility of alcohol decreases.<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 31.
              \nConversion of alcohols into alkyl halide is an example of
              \na) Nucleophilic addition
              \nb) Nucleophilic substitution
              \nc) Electrophilic addition
              \nd) Electrophilic substitution
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) Nucleophilic substitution<\/p>\n

              Question 32.
              \nConversion of 2 – methyl – 1 – propanol into 2 – methyl – 1 – bromopropane is …………. reaction
              \na) SN2<\/sup>
              \nb) SN1<\/sup>
              \nc) E2<\/sup>
              \nd) E1<\/sup>
              \nAnswer:
              \na) SN2<\/sup><\/p>\n

              Question 33.
              \nPrimary alcohols undergo dehydration by mechanism
              \na) SN2<\/sup>
              \nb) SN1<\/sup>
              \nc) E2<\/sup>
              \nd) E1<\/sup>
              \nAns:
              \nd) E1<\/sup><\/p>\n

              Question 34.
              \n2 – methyl – 2 – propanol when reacted with cone. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> gives 2 – methyl propene. This reaction follows mechanism
              \na) SN2<\/sup>
              \nb) SN1<\/sup>
              \nc) E2<\/sup>
              \nd) E1<\/sup>
              \nAnswer:
              \nd) E1<\/sup><\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 35.
              \nDuring intramolecular dehydration of 3, 3 – dimethyl – 2 – butanol the major product obtained is
              \na) 2, 3 – dimethyl but – 1 – ene
              \nb) 2, 3 – dimethyl but – 2 – ene
              \nc) 3, 3 – dimethyl but – 1 – ene
              \nd) 3, 3 – dimethyl but – 2 – ene
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) 2, 3 – dimethyl but – 2 – ene<\/p>\n

              Question 36.
              \nThe major product obtained when phenol reacts with con.H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> at 280 K is
              \na) Salicyclic acid
              \nb) picric acid
              \nc) o-phenol sulphonic acid
              \nd) p-phenol sulphonic acid
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) o-phenol sulphonic acid<\/p>\n

              Question 37.
              \nDuring intramolecular dehydration of alcohols say tzeff’s rule favours the formation of
              \na) unstable alkenes
              \nb) less substituted alkenes
              \nc) more substituted alkenes
              \nd) none of the above
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) more substituted alkenes<\/p>\n

              Question 38.
              \nTo stop the oxidation reaction of alcohols at the aldehyde \/ ketone stage…………..is used as an oxidising agent
              \na) Pottassium permanganate
              \nb) Py ridinium chloro chromate (PCC)
              \nc) Potassium di chromate
              \nd) Sodium di chromate
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) pyridinium chloro chromate (PCC)<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 39.
              \nIn Swern oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes\/ketones the oxidising agent used is
              \na) Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC)
              \nb) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
              \nc) Alkaline potassium permanganate (Baeyer\u2019s reagent)
              \nd) Ferrous sulphate \/ H2O2 (Fenton’s reagent)
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)<\/p>\n

              Question 40.
              \nTo detoxify the alcohol produced in animals by the fermentaion of food, the oxidising agent used is
              \na) ADH
              \nb) ADP
              \nc) NAD
              \nd) ATP
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) NAD<\/p>\n

              Question 41.
              \nThe catalyst which catalyses the oxidation of toxic alcohols into non-toxic aldehyde in animals is
              \na) ADH
              \nb) ADP
              \nc) NAD
              \nd) ATP
              \nAnswer:
              \na) ADH<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 42.
              \nWhen ethan-1, 2-diol is heated with anhydrous ZnCl2<\/sub> under pressure it gives
              \na) Ethanol
              \nb) Ethanal
              \nc) Ethanoic acid
              \nd) Ethene
              \nAns:
              \nb) Ethanal<\/p>\n

              Question 43.
              \nGlycerol can be oxidised to meso oxalic acid by
              \na) dii HNO3<\/sub>
              \nb) HIO4<\/sub>
              \nc) Bismuth nitrate
              \nd) Fenton\u2019s reagent
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) Bismuth nitrate<\/p>\n

              Question 44.
              \nThe alcohol used in the manufacture of dynamite is
              \na) methanol
              \nb) ethanol
              \nc) ethv lene glycol
              \nd) glycerol
              \nAnswer:
              \nd) glycerol<\/p>\n

              Question 45.
              \nThe correct order of acidic nature of alcohols is
              \na) Ethanol < propan – 2 – ol < 2 – methyl propan – 2- ol
              \nb) Propan – 2 – ol < Ethanol < 2 – methyl propan \u2014 2 \u2014 ol
              \nc) 2 – methyl propan – 2 – ol < Ethanol < propan – 2 – ol
              \nd) 2 – methyl propan – 2 \u2014 ol Answer:
              \nd) 2 – methyl propan – 2 – ol<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 46.
              \n1, 3 – dihydroxy benzene is commonly
              \nknown as
              \na) Cresol
              \nb) Catechol
              \nc) Resorcinol
              \nd) Quinol
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) Resorcinol<\/p>\n

              Question 47.
              \nThe JUPAC name of pyrogallol is
              \na) 1, 2, 3 \u2014 trthydroxy benzene
              \nh) 1, 2, 4 \u2014 trihydroxy beneze
              \nc) 1, 3, 5 \u2014 trihydroxv benzene
              \nd) 1, 4, 5 \u2014 tri hydroxy benzene .
              \nAnswer:
              \na) 1, 2, 3 \u2014 trihydroxy benzene<\/p>\n

              Question 48.
              \nOricinol is
              \na) 1, 2 – dihydroxy benzene
              \nh) 3 \u2014 methyl phenol :
              \nc) 3, 5 \u2014 dihydroxy toluene
              \nd) 3, 5 \u2014 dimethyl toluene
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) 3, 5 – dihydroxy toluene<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 49.
              \nWhich of the following reaction will give ether?
              \n\"Samacheer
              \nAns:
              \nd) All of the above<\/p>\n

              Question 50.
              \nPhenol on oxidation with acidified K2<\/sub>Cr2<\/sub>O7<\/sub>gives
              \na) 1, 4 – dihydroxy benzene
              \nb) 1,4- benzoquinone
              \nc) cyclohexanol
              \nd) cumene
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) 1,4- benzoquinone<\/p>\n

              Question 51.
              \nWhich among the following is a simple ether?
              \na) 1 – methoxy propane
              \nb) 2 – methoxy propane
              \nc) methoxy methane
              \nd) methoxv benzene
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) methoxy methane<\/p>\n

              Question 52.
              \nThe oxygen atom of ether is
              \nhybridised
              \na) sp
              \nb) sp2<\/sup>
              \nc) sp3<\/sup>
              \nd) dsp2<\/sup>
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) sp3<\/sup><\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 53.
              \nWilliamson\u2019s synthesis is an example of
              \na) nucleophilic addition
              \nb) nucleophilic substitution
              \nc) electrophilic addition
              \nd) electrophilic substitution
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) nucleophilic substitution<\/p>\n

              Question 54.
              \nWhich among the following is more reactive
              \ntowards ethers?
              \na) HF
              \nb) HCl
              \nc) HBr
              \nd) HI
              \nAnswer:
              \nd) HI<\/p>\n

              Question 55.
              \nThe products obtained when methoxy
              \nethane reacted with one mole of HI are
              \na) methanol & iodoethane
              \nh) iodomethane & ethanol
              \nc) iodomethane & jodo ethane
              \nd) Methanol & ethanol
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) iodomethane & ethanol<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 56.
              \nWhich is used as a precursor to the synthesis of perfumes and insecticide pheromones?
              \na) Phenol
              \nb) Phenoxy methane
              \nc) methoxy benzene
              \nd) Ethoxy benzene
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) methoxy benzene<\/p>\n

              Question 57.
              \nAccording to Lewis concept of acids and bases an ether is
              \na) acidic
              \nb) basic
              \nc) neutral
              \nd) amphoteric
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) basic<\/p>\n

              Question 58.
              \n\"Samacheer
              \na) CH3<\/sub>COCH3<\/sub>
              \nb) C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OH
              \nc) CH3<\/sub>-CH(OH)CH3<\/sub>
              \nd) CH3<\/sub>CHO
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) CH3<\/sub>-CH(OH)CH3<\/sub>
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 59.
              \n\"Samacheer
              \na)Propan-1,3-diol
              \nb) Ethan -1,2- diol
              \nc) Propan -1,2,3- Triol
              \nd) Ethanal
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) Ethan -1,2- diol
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 60.
              \nWhich of the following has lowest boiling point?
              \na) phenol
              \nb) O-nitro phenol
              \nc) m-nitro phenol
              \nd) p-nitro phenol
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) O-nitro phenol
              \nHint: O – nitrophenol has intramolecular hydrogen bonding while others intermolecular hydrogen bonding.<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              II. Assertion and Reason<\/span><\/p>\n

              Question 1.
              \nAssertion : Tertiary alcohols undergo dehydration more readily than primary alcohol.
              \nReason : Tertiary alcohols are less acidic than primary alcohol.
              \na) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
              \nb) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
              \nc) Assertion is true but reason is false.
              \nd) Both assertion and reason are false.
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 2.
              \nAssertion (A) : Alcohols can act as Bronsted acids
              \nReason (R) : It is due to the presence of unshared electron pairs on oxygen which make them proton acceptors.
              \na) Both (A) and (R) are correct, R explain A.
              \nb) Both (A) and (R) are correct, R does not explain A.
              \nc) (A) is correct but R is correct.
              \nd) (A) is wrong but R is correct.
              \nAnswer:
              \nd) (A) is wrong but R is correct Correct Reason (A) : Alcohols can act as Bronsted bases.<\/p>\n

              Question 3.
              \nAssertion (A) : Phenol is more acidic than aliphatic alcohols
              \nReason (R) : Alkyl substituted phenols show a decreased acidity due to the electron releasing +1 effect of alkyl group.
              \na) Both (A) and (R) are correct, R explain A.
              \nb) Both (A) and (R) are correct, R does not explain A.
              \nc) (A) is correct but R is correct.
              \nd) (A) is wrong but R is correct.
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) Both (A) and (R) are correct, R does not explain A.
              \nCorrect Reason (R) : The phenoxide ion is more stabilised by resonance than phenol.<\/p>\n

              Question 4.
              \nAssertion (A): Orthonitro phenol is slightly soluble in water and more volatile whereas p – nitro phenol is more soluble in water and less volatile.
              \nReason (R) : Orthonitro phenol forms intramolecular hydrogen bonding and p-nitro phenol forms intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
              \na) Both (A) and (R) are correct, R explains A.
              \nb) Both (A) and (R) are correct, R does not explain A.
              \nc) (A) is correct but R is correct.
              \nd) (A) is wrong but R is correct.
              \nAnswer:
              \na) Both (A) and (R) are correct, R explains A.<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              III. Pick out the correct statements<\/span><\/p>\n

              Question 1.
              \n(i) The structure of – OH group attached to a sp3<\/sup>– hybridised carbon in alcohol is similar to the structure of – OH group attached to a hydrogen in water.
              \n(ii) Due to lone pair – lone pair repulsion, the – C – O – H bond angle in methanol is reduced to 104\u00b0 from the regular tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5\u00b0.
              \n(iii) With Grignard reagent formaldehyde gives primary alcohol and other aldehydes give secondary alcohols.
              \n(iv) Reaction of Grignard reagent with aldehydes and ketones to form alcohols is an example for nucleophilic substitution reaction.
              \na) (i) & (ii)
              \nb) (ii) & (iii)
              \nc) (i) & (iii)
              \nd) (i) & (iv)
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) (i) & (iii)
              \nCorrect statements : (ii) Due to lone pair – lone pair repulsion, the – C – O – H bond anlge in methanol is reduced to 108.9\u00b0 from the regular tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5\u00b0.
              \n(iv) Reaction of Grignard reagent with adlehydes and ketones to form alcohols is an example for nucleophilic addition reaction.<\/p>\n

              Question 2.
              \n(i) Lower alcohols are waxy solids and the higher members are colourless liquids.
              \n(ii) Due to the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding alcohols have higher boiling point than the corresponding alkanes, aldehydes, ethers etc.
              \n(iii) Due to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding with water lower alcohols are highly soluble in water.
              \n(iv) Among isomeric alcohols primary alcohols have lower boiling point and tertiary alcohols have higher boiling points.
              \na) (i) & (ii)
              \nb) (ii) & (iii)
              \nc) (iii) & (iv)
              \nd) (i) & (iv)
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) (ii) & (iii)
              \nCorrect statements : (i) Lower alcohols are colourless liquids and the higher members are waxy solids.
              \n(iv) Among isomeric alcohols primary alcohols have higher boiling point and the tertiary alcohols have lower boiling points.<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 3.
              \n(i) In Swern Oxidation DMSO, oxalyl chloride and triethylamine are used to convert alcohols into aldehydes \/ ketones.
              \n(ii) Vapours of primary alcohol passed over heated copper at 573 K undergoes dehydration. .
              \n(iii) Methanol reacts with ethanoic acid in presence of an acid to form ethylethanoate.
              \n(iv) Vapours of tertiary alcohols react with heated copper at 573 K to give alkenes.
              \na) (i) & (ii)
              \nb) (ii) & (iii)
              \nc) (iii) & (iv)
              \nd) (i) & (iv)
              \nAnswer:
              \nd) (i) & (iv)
              \nCorrect statements : (ii) Vapours of primary alcohol passed over heated copper at 573 K undergoes dehydrogenation.
              \n(iii) Methanol reacts with ethanoic acid in presence of an acid to form methyl ethanoate. (or)
              \nEthanol reacts with ethanoic acid in presence of an acid to form ethyl ethanoate.<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 4.
              \n(i) Glycerol contains two primary alcoholic group and one secondry alcoholic group.
              \n(ii) Oxidation of glycerol with cone. HNO3<\/sub> gives mainly formic acid.
              \n(iii) Glycerol is used in making printing inks, and stamp pad ink.
              \n(iv) Glycerol is used as a preservative for biological specimens
              \na) (i) & (ii)
              \nb) (ii) & (iii)
              \nc) (i) & (iii)
              \nd) (i) & (iv)
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) (i) & (iii)
              \nCorrect statements : (ii) Oxidation of glycerol with cone. HNO3 gives mainly glyceric acid
              \n(iii) Ethanol is used as a preservative for biological specimens<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              IV. Pick out the incorrect statements<\/span><\/p>\n

              Question 1.
              \n(i) The overall reaction of hydroboration is hydration of an alkene.
              \n(ii) Hydroboration reaction occurs according to Markownikoff’s rule.
              \n(iii) Raney Ni does not reduce the Carbon – Carbon double bond present in the Carbonyl compound to form unsaturated alcohols.
              \n(iv) When two or more functional groups are present in a molecule sodium borohydride to used as a reducing agent to reduce the more reactive group
              \na) (i) & (ii)
              \nb) (ii) & (iii)
              \nc) (iii) & (iv)
              \nd) (i) & (iv)
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) (ii) & (iii)
              \nCorrect statements : (ii) Hydroboration reaction occurs against Markownikoff’s rule.
              \n(iii) Lithium aluminium hydride does not reduce the Carbon – Carbon double bond present in the Carbonyl compound to form unsaturated alchols.<\/p>\n

              Question 2.
              \n(i) Ethanol forms a turbidity with Lucas reagent within 10 minutes.
              \n(ii) 2 – Methyl propan – 2 – ol forms immediate turbidity with Lucas reagent due to the formation of insoluble 2 – chloro – 2 – methyl propane.
              \n(iii) Ehanol forms red colour in Victor Meyer’s test.
              \n(iv) 2 – 2 – dimethyl propan – 1 – ol gives a colourless solution in victor Meyer’s test,
              \na) (i) & (ii)
              \nb) (ii) & (iii)
              \nc) (iii) & (iv)
              \nd) (i) & (iv)
              \nAnswer:
              \nd) (i) & (iv)
              \nCorrect statements : (i) Ethanol forms no tubridity with lucas reagent at room temperature.
              \n(iv) 2,2 – dimethyl propan -1 – ol gives red colour in victor mayer’s test.<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 3.
              \n(i) Alcohols undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with hydrohaloacids to form alkyl halides.
              \n(ii) Alkyl halide formation from primary alchols follow E2 mechanism.
              \n(iii) Alkyl halide formation from tertiary alcohols follow SN2 mechanism.
              \n(iv) The conversion of methanol into chloromethane with thionyl chloride in the presence of pyridine follows SN2 mechanism.
              \na) (i) & (ii)
              \nb) (ii) & (iii)
              \nc) (iii) & (iv)
              \nd) (i) & (iv)
              \nAnswer:
              \nb) (ii) & (iii)
              \nCorrect statements : (ii) Alkyl halide formation from primary alcohols follow \\(\\mathrm{S}_{\\mathrm{N}}^{2}\\) mechanism.
              \n(iii) Alkyl halide formation from tertiary alcohols follow \\(\\mathrm{S}_{\\mathrm{N}}^{1}\\) mechanism.<\/p>\n

              Question 4.
              \n(i) In phenol the carbon bearing the – OH group is sp2 hybridised.
              \n(ii) Unlike alcohols phenol reactswith sodium hydroxide to form sodium phenoxide.
              \n(iii) In substituted phenols, the electron with drawing groups decreases the acidic nature of phenol.
              \n(iv) Alkyl substituted phenols show increased acidity due to electron releasing +1 effect of alkvl group.
              \na) (i) & (ii)
              \nb) (ii) & (iii)
              \nc) (iii) & (iv)
              \nd) (i) & (iv)
              \nAnswer:
              \nc) (iii) & (iv)
              \nCorrect statements: (iii) In substituted phenols, the electron withdrawing groups increases the acidic
              \nnature of phenol.
              \n(iv) Alkyl substituted phenols show a decreased acidity due to electron releasing + I effect of alkyl
              \ngroup.<\/p>\n

              V. Match the Following<\/span><\/p>\n

              Question 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Oxidising agent<\/td>\n\n

              Oxidation product of glycerol<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

              i) dil HNO3<\/sub><\/td>\na meso oxalic acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              ii) Conc. HNO3<\/sub><\/td>\nb formaldehyde & formic acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              iii) Bismuth nitrate<\/td>\nc oxalic acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              iv) Fenton\u2019s reagent<\/td>\nd glyceric acid & tartronic acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              v) HIO4<\/sub><\/td>\ne glyceric acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              vi) Acidified KMnO4<\/sub><\/td>\nf glycerose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              Answer:
              \ni) d glyceric acid & tartronic acid
              \nii) e glyceric acid
              \niii) a meso oxalic acid
              \niv) f glycerose
              \nv) b formaldehyde & formic acid
              \nvi) c oxalic acid<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Example<\/td>\nType of Phenol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              i) Orcinol<\/td>\na Monohydric pheno<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              ii) Catechol<\/td>\nb Trihydric phenol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              iii) Cresol<\/td>\nc Dihydric phenol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              iv) Phioroglucinol<\/td>\nd Substituted phenol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              Answer:
              \ni) d Substituted phenol
              \nii) c Dihydric phenol
              \niii) a Monohydric phenol
              \niv) b Trihydric phenol<\/p>\n

              Question 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Compound<\/td>\nUses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              i) Phenol<\/td>\na Antifreeze<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              ii) Glycerol<\/td>\nb Perfumery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              iii Glycol<\/td>\nc Carbolic soaps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              iv Anisole<\/td>\nd Refrigerant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              v) Diethyl ether<\/td>\ne Cordite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              Answer:
              \ni) c Carbolic soaps
              \nii) e Cordite
              \niii) a Antifreeze
              \niv) b Perfumery
              \nv) d Refrigerant<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Type of Alcohol<\/td>\nExample<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              i 1\u00b0 alcohol<\/td>\na Glycerol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              ii 2\u00b0 alcohol<\/td>\nb Sorbitol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              iii 3\u00b0 alcohol<\/td>\nc Ethylene glycol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              iv Dihydric alcohol<\/td>\nd Isopropyl alcohol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              v Trihydric alcohol<\/td>\ne Neo pentyl alcohol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              vi Polyhydric alcohol<\/td>\nf 2-phenyl propan-2-ol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              Answer:
              \ni) e Neo pentyl alcohol
              \nii) d Isopropyl alcohol
              \niii)\u00a0f 2-phenyl propan-2-ol
              \niv) c Ethylene glycol
              \nv) a Glycerol
              \nvi) b Sorbitol<\/p>\n

              VI. Two Marks Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

              Question 1.
              \nIllustrate Markownikoff’s rule in the addition of water to an alkene
              \nAnswer:
              \nMarkownikoff’s rule states that the negative part of the adding molecules gets attached with the carbon containing least number of hydrogen atoms across the double bond.
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 2.
              \nWrite a note on hydroboration reaction
              \nAnswer:
              \nDiborane reacts with an alkene to form trialkyl borane which on treatment with H2O2 in presence of NaOH gives an alcohol.
              \nThe overall reaction is hydration of an alkene.
              \nThis reaction gives an anti MarkowniKoff’s product
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 3.
              \nConvert crotonaldehyde into crotylalcohol
              \nAnswer:
              \nLiAlH4<\/sub> does not reduce C = C bond present in the carbonyl compound.
              \nHence it is the best reagent to prepare unsaturated alcohols.
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 4.
              \nAn organic compound (A) – C3<\/sub>H8<\/sub>O3<\/sub> used as sweetening agent, which on oxidation with Fenton’s reagent gives a mixture of compounds B and C. Identify A, B & C. Write possible reactions.
              \nAnswer:
              \nAn organic compound (A) – C3<\/sub>H8<\/sub>O3<\/sub> is glycerol.
              \nOxidation of glycerol with Br2<\/sub>\/H2<\/sub>O (or) NiaOBr (or) Fenton’s reagent (FeSO4<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O2<\/sub>) gives a mixture of glyceraldehvde and dihydroxv acetone ( This mixture is named as glvcerose)
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 5.
              \nWhat is saponification?
              \nAnswer:
              \nThe alkaline hydroysis of naturally occurring oils and fats into glycerol and soap is called saponification.
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 6.
              \nWhat is Saytzeff’s rule
              \nAnswer:
              \nDuring intramolecular dehydration of an alcohol if there is a possibility to form a carbon- carbon double bond at different locations, the preferred location is the one that gives the more substituted alkene ie., the stable alkene.<\/p>\n

              Question 7.
              \nConvert propan -1 – ol to propanal.
              \nAnswer:
              \nTo stop the oxidation reaction of alcohols at the aldehyde \/ ketone stage, pyridinium chloro chromate (PCC) is used as an oxidising agent.
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 8.
              \nWrite a note on Swern Oxidation
              \nAnswer:
              \nIn Swern oxidation dimethvl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used as the oxidising agent.
              \nIt converts alcohols to ketones \/ aldehydes.
              \nAlcohol is treated with DMSO and oxah I chloride followed by the addition of triethylarnine.
              \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 9.
              \nWrite note on biological oxidation that occurs in animals.
              \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • The fermentation of the food consumed by an animal produces alcohol.<\/li>\n
              • To detoxify the alcohol, liver produces an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)<\/li>\n
              • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) present in animals acts as an oxidising agent.<\/li>\n
              • ADH catalyses the oxidation of toxic alcohols into non-toxic aldehyde.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                Question 10.
                \nWhat happens when ethylene glycol is reacted with PI3<\/sub> ?
                \nAnswer:
                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                Question 11.
                \nWhat happens when ethylene glycol is heated with conc. HNO3<\/sub> and conc. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>?
                \nAnswer:
                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                Question 12.
                \nHow is nitroglycerine prepared
                \nAnswer:
                \nGlycerol reacts with nitric acid in the presence of cone. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> to form nitroglycerine (TNG)
                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                Question 13.
                \nWrite about the dehydration of glycerol
                \nAnswer:
                \nWhen glycerol is heated with dehydrating agents such as H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>, KHSO4<\/sub> etc., it undergoes dehvration to form acrolein.
                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                Question 14.
                \nConvert aniline into phenol
                \nAnswer:
                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                Question 15.
                \nWhat is Schotten – Baumann reaction
                \nAnswer:
                \nBenzovlation of phenol with benzoyl chloride in presence of NaOH is known as Schotten Baumann reaction.
                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                Question 16.
                \nWrite a note on williamson ether synthesis?
                \nAnswer:
                \nMethyl iodide undergoes nucleophilic substitution by phenoxide ion to form anisole
                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                Question 17.
                \nConvert phenol into (i) 1, 4 – benzoquionone (ii) cyclo hexanol
                \nAnswer:
                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                Question 18.
                \nHow is picric acid prepared?
                \nAnswer:
                \nPhenol undergoes nitration with cone HNO3<\/sub> and cone H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> at 298 K to form 2, 4\/ 6 – trinitrophenol known as picric acid
                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                Question 19.
                \nDifferentiate phenol and ethanol
                \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                \n

                Reaction<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                		Phenol<\/td>\n\n

                Ethanol<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                With benzene diazonium chloride<\/td>\nforms a red orange dye<\/td>\nNo reaction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                With neutral ferric chloride<\/td>\nforms a purple coloration<\/td>\ndoes not form purple colouration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                WithNaOH<\/td>\ngives sodium phenoxide<\/td>\ndoes not react<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                Question 20.
                \nGive four uses or diethyl ether.
                \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Diethyl ether is used as a surgical anaesthetic agent in surgery.<\/li>\n
                2. It is a good solvent for organic reactions and extraction.<\/li>\n
                3. It is used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel and gasoline engine.<\/li>\n
                4. It is used as a refrigerant.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Question 21.
                  \nWrite the mechanism of intermolecular dehydration of alcohols?
                  \nAnswer:
                  \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                  \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                  Question 22.
                  \nWrite the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of ethers
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nMechanism:
                  \nEthers having primary alkyl group undergo SN2 reaction while tertiary alkyl ether undergo SN1 reaction.Protonation of ether is followed by the attack of halide ion.The halide ion preferentially attacks the less sterically hindered of the two alkyl groups which are attached to etherial oxygen.
                  \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                  When excess HBr or HI is used, the alcohol formed will further react with HBr or HI to form alkyl halides.
                  \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                  Question 23.
                  \nWhat is autooxidation of ethers?
                  \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Ethers stored in the presence of atmospheric oxygen slowly oxidise to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.<\/li>\n
                  • These are explosive in nature.<\/li>\n
                  • This spontaneous oxidation by atmospheric oxygen is called auto oxidation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                    Question 24.
                    \n\"Samacheer
                    \nAnswer:
                    \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                    Question 25.
                    \nComplete the reaction
                    \n\"Samacheer
                    \nAnswer:
                    \n\"Samacheer
                    \nThe bond of oxygen with phenyl ring is strong, hence it can not be broken and iodo benzene is not formed.<\/p>\n

                    VII. Three Mark Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

                    Question 1.
                    \nExplain the structure of the functional group of alcohol
                    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • The structure of – O – H group attached to a SP3<\/sup> hybridised carbon is similar to the structure of – O – H group attached to a hydrogen in water, ie., ‘V! shaped.<\/li>\n
                    • In such alcohols, one of the sp3<\/sup> hybridised orbital of oxygen linearly overlap with the sp3 hybridised orbital of carbon to form a C – O, ‘\u03c3’ bond.<\/li>\n
                    • Another SP3 hybridised orbital linearly overlap with IS orbital of hydrogen to form a O-H, a’ bond.<\/li>\n
                    • Remaining two sp3 hybridized orbitals of oxygen are occupied by two lone pairs of electrons.<\/li>\n
                    • Due to lone pair – lone pair repulsion, the C – O – H bond angle in methanol is reduced to 108.9C from the regular tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5\u00b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                      Question 2.
                      \nConvert acetaldehyde into crotyl alc0hol
                      \nAnswer:
                      \n\"Samacheer
                      \nLiAlH4<\/sub> selectively reduces the carbonyl group leaving the C = C bond.<\/p>\n

                      \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                      Question 3.
                      \nExplain Lucas test of differentiating three types of alcohols
                      \nAnswer:
                      \n\"Samacheer
                      \nThe alkyl chloride formed in this reaction is insoluble in water, hence it appears as turbidity.
                      \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                      \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                      Question 4.
                      \nWrite a note on catalytic dehydrogenation of three types of alcohols.
                      \nAnswer:
                      \nCatalytic dehydrogenation :
                      \nWhen the vapours of a primary or a secondary alcohol are passed over heated copper at 573K, dehydrogenation takes place to form aldehyde or ketone.
                      \n\"Samacheer \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                      Question 5.
                      \nWrite about the oxidation of ethylene glycol
                      \nOxidation of glycol
                      \nAnswer:
                      \nOn oxidation, glycol gives a variety of products depending on the nature of oxidizing agent and
                      \nother reaction conditions.
                      \ni) When nitric acid (or) alkaline potassium permanganate is used as the oxidizing agent, the following products are obtained.
                      \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                      ii) Oxidation of glycol with periodic acid :
                      \nEthylene glycol on treatment with periodic acid gives formaldehyde. This reaction is selective for vicinal 1,2 – diols and it proceeds through a cyclic periodate ester intermediate.
                      \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                      Question 6.
                      \nWhy is C-O-C bond angle in ether slightly greater than the tetrahedral bond angle.
                      \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Structure of ethereal oxygen attached to two alkyl groups is similar to the structure of – O – H group of alcohol.<\/li>\n
                      • Oxygen atom is sp3<\/sup> hybridised.<\/li>\n
                      • Two sp3 hybridised orbitals of oxygen linearly overlap with two sp3<\/sup> hybrid orbitals of the two carbon atoms attached directly to the oxygen forming two C – O ‘o ‘ bonds.<\/li>\n
                      • C-O-C bond angle is slightly greater than the tetrahedral bond angle due to the repulsive interaction between the two bulkier alkyl group.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 7.
                        \nFor the preparation of mixed ether having primary and tertiary alkyl group, primary alkyl halide and alkoxide are used. Why?
                        \nAnswer:
                        \nPrimary alkyl halides are more susceptible for SN2 reaction.
                        \nHence for the preparation of mixed ether having primary and tertiary alkyl group, primary alkyl halide
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        On the other hand, if tertiary’ alkyl halide and primary alkoxide are used elimination reaction dominates and succeeds over substitution reaction to form an alkene.
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 8.
                        \nHow do you convert anisole into (i) Methoxy toluene (ii) methoxy acetophenone
                        \nAnswer:
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 9.
                        \n375 mg of an alcohol reacts with required amount of methyl magnesium bromide and releases 140 mL of methane gas at STP. What is the formula of the alcohol?
                        \nSolution:
                        \n\"Samacheer
                        \n(1 mole) 22,400 mL of methane can be produced from 1 mole of alcohol.
                        \n140 ml of methane is liberated from 1\/22400 x 140 mole of alcohol = 6.25 x 10-3<\/sup> mole of alcohol
                        \nw = 375 mg = 375 x 10-3<\/sup> g; n = 6.25 x 10-3<\/sup>
                        \n\"Samacheer
                        \nMolar mass of alcohol is 60 gmol-1<\/sup>
                        \nCnH2n+1 -OH=>nxl2 + (2n + 1)xl + lxi6+1xl=60
                        \n12n + 2n + 1 + 16 + 1 = 60 14n + 18 = 60
                        \n14n = 60 – 18
                        \nHence the formula of the alcohol is C3<\/sub>H7<\/sub>OH .
                        \nn = 42\/14 \u21d2 n = 3<\/p>\n

                        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 10.
                        \nHow will you convert methanol into ethanol?
                        \nAnswer:
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        VIII. Five Mark Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

                        Question 1.
                        \nConvert methyl magnesium iodide into
                        \n(i) ethanol
                        \n(ii) propan – 2 – ol
                        \n(iii) 2 – methyl propan – 2 – ol
                        \nAnswer:
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 2.
                        \nBring about the following conversion using Grignard reagents
                        \ni) Methanal into phenyl methanol
                        \nii) Ethanal into butan – 2 – ol
                        \niii) Propanone into 2 – methyl hexan – 2 -ol
                        \niv) Ethyl methanoate into propan – 2 – ol
                        \nv) Formaldehyde into propan-l-ol
                        \nAnswer:
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 3.
                        \nA ether (A) C5<\/sub>H12<\/sub>O when heated with excess of hot concentration HI, produced two alkyl halides, which on hydrolysis forms compound (B) and (C). Oxidation of (B) gives an acid (D) where as oxidation of (C) gives ketone (E). Identify A, B, C, D and E and write the chemical equation.
                        \nAnswer:
                        \nA ether (A) C5<\/sub>H12<\/sub>O when heated with excess of hot concentration HI, produced two alkyl halides.
                        \n\"Samacheer \"Samacheer<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                        Compound<\/td>\nName<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        A<\/td>\n2- ethoxy propane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        B<\/td>\nethanol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        C<\/td>\n2- propanol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        D<\/td>\nAcetic acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        E<\/td>\nPropanone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                        Question 4.
                        \nExplain E1<\/sub>mechanism involved in the dehydration of tertiary butyl alcohol
                        \nAnswer:
                        \nTertiary alcohols undergo dehydration by E1<\/sub> mechanism. It involves the formation of a carbocation.
                        \nProtonation of alcohol
                        \n\"Samacheer \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 5.
                        \nAn organic compound C2<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O (A) heated with Cone. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> at 443K to give and unsaturated hydrocarbon C2<\/sub>H4<\/sub> (B), which on treatment with Baeyer’s reagent to give compound C2<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O2<\/sub> (C). Which is used as antifreeze in automobile radiator. Compound (C) distilled with cone. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> to give cyclic compound (C4<\/sub>H8<\/sub>O2<\/sub>) (D). Compound (A) is heated with cone H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> at 413K to give compound C4<\/sub>H10<\/sub>O (E). Identify compounds (A) to (E) and write equations Compound (A) is Ethanol heated with Cone. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> at 443K to give compound (B) is Ethene
                        \nAnswer:
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Compound (B) on treatment with Baeyer’s reagent to give compound (C) is Ethylene glycol
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Compound ( C) distilled with cone. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> to give cyclic compound (D) 1,4- dioxene
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Compound (A) is heated with cone. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> at 413K to give compound (E) is diethylether
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                        Compound<\/td>\nName<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        A<\/td>\nEthanol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        B<\/td>\nEthene<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        C<\/td>\nEthane 1,2-diol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        D<\/td>\n1,4 di\u00f3xane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        E<\/td>\nDiethylether<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 6.
                        \nExplain the oxidation of glycerol
                        \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                        Oxidising agent<\/td>\nProduct formed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        i) dil HNO3<\/sub><\/td>\nglyceric acid & tartronic acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        ii) Cone HNO3<\/sub><\/td>\nglyceric acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        iii) bismuth nitrate<\/td>\nmeso oxalic acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        iv) BD\/H2<\/sub>O (or) NaOBr
                        \n(or) Fenton’s reagent (FeSO4<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O2<\/sub>)<\/td>\n                        		a mixture of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone knew as glycerose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        v) HIO4<\/sub> (or) Lead tetraacetate (LTA)<\/td>\nformaldehyde & formic acid?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        vi) acidified KMnO4<\/sub><\/td>\nOxalic acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 7.
                        \nWrite a note on (i) Riemer Tiemann reaction (ii) Phthalein reaction (iii) coupling reaction
                        \nAnswer:
                        \ni) Riemer Tiemann Reaction:
                        \nOn treating phenol with CHCl3<\/sub> \/NaOH, a -CHO group is introduced at ortho position This reaction proceeds through the formation of substituted benzal chloride intermediate.
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        (ii) Phthalein reaction:
                        \nOn heating phenol with phthalic anhydride in presence of con.H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> phenolphthalein is obtained.
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        iii) Coupling reaction:
                        \nPhenol couples with benzene diazonium chloride in an alkaline solution to form p-hydroxy azobenzene (a red-orange dye).
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 8.
                        \nWrite any three methods of preparing ethers
                        \nAnswer:
                        \n(i) Intermolecular dehydration of alcohol
                        \nEthanol undergoes intermolecular dehydration with conc. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> at 413 K to form diethyl ether. Conc. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        (ii) Williamson ether synthesis
                        \nWhen an alkyl halide is heated with an alcoholic solution of sodium alkoxide, the corresponding ether is obtained. This involves SN2<\/sup> mechanism.
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        (iii) Methylation of alcohol
                        \nMethyl ethers can be prepared by treating alcohol with diazomethane in presence of catalyst fluoroboric acid
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 9.
                        \nHow does diethylether react with the following
                        \n(i) Cl2<\/sub>\/light
                        \n(ii) PCl5
                        \n<\/sub>(iii) dilH2<\/sub>SO4
                        \n<\/sub>(iv) CH3<\/sub>COCl\/anhy.ZnCl2<\/sub>
                        \nAnswer:
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 10.
                        \nConvert
                        \n(i) methanol into tertiary butyl alcohol
                        \n(ii) ethanol into 1- butanol
                        \nAnswer:
                        \n\"Samacheer \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                        Question 11.
                        \nComplete the reaction
                        \n\"Samacheer
                        \nAnswer:
                        \n\"Samacheer
                        \n(y) Reduction to pinacols: Ketones, on reduction with magnesium amalgam and water, are reduced to symmetrical diols known as pinacol.
                        \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Pdf Chapter 11 Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes. Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 11 Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers 12th Chemistry Guide Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers Text Book Questions and Answers Part – I Text Book Evaluation I. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-class-12"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30185"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30185"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41479,"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30185\/revisions\/41479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheerkalvi.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}