Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Guide Pdf Chapter 14 Open Source Concepts Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.
Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 14 Open Source Concepts
12th Computer Applications Guide Open Source Concepts Text Book Questions and Answers
Part I
Choose The Correct Answers
Question 1.
If the source code of a software is freely accessible by the public, then it is known as
a) freeware
b) Firmware
c) Open source
d) Public source
Answer:
c) Open source
Question 2.
Which of the following is a software pro¬gram that replicates the functioning of a computer network?
a) Network software
b) Network simulation
c) Network testing
d) Network calculator
Answer:
b) Network simulation
Question 3.
Which of the following can document every incident that happened in the simulation and are used for examination?
a) Net Exam
b) Network hardware
c) Trace file
d) Net document
Answer:
c) Trace file
Question 4.
Which is an example of network simulator?
a) simulator
b) TCL
c) Ns2
d) C++
Answer:
c) Ns2
Question 5.
Fill in the blanks: NS2 comprises of key languages?
a) 13
b) 3
c) 2
d) 4
Answer:
c) 2
Question 6.
Choose the Correct Pair from the following to build NS2
a) UNIX & TCL
b) UNIX & C++
c) C++ & OTCL
d) C++ & NS2
Answer:
c) C++ & OTCL
Question 7.
Which of the following is not a network simulation software?
a) Ns2
b) OPNET
c) SSFNet
d) C++
Answer:
a) Ns2
Question 8.
Which of the following is a open source network monitoring software?
a) C++
b) OPNET
c) Open NMS
d) OMNet++
Answer:
c) Open NMS
Question 9.
Open NMS was released in
a) 1999
b) 2000
c) 2003
d) 2004
Answer:
d) 2004
Question 10.
OpenNMS Group was created by
a) Balog
b) Matt Brozowski
c) David Flustace
d) All of them.
Answer:
d) All of them.
Part II
Short Answers
Question 1.
Explain the History of open-source software.
Answer:
History of open source software:
- In the early day of computing, programmers and developers shared software in order to learn from each other
- Eventually, it moved to the wayside of commercialization of software in 1970-1980
- The Netscape communication corporation released their popular Netscape Communicator Internet suite as free software. This made others look into how to bring the free software ideas.
- The Open Source Initiative was founded in Feb 1998 to encourage the use of the new term open-source.
Question 2.
What is meant by a network simulator?
Answer:
- A network simulator is a software program that replicates the functioning of a computer network.
- In simulators, the computer network is typically demonstrated with devices, traffic etc. and the performance is evaluated.
Question 3.
What is a trace file?
Answer:
A significant output of the simulation is the trace files. Trace files can document every incident that happened in the simulation and are used for examination.
C++ and Object-oriented Tool Command Language (OTCL) and network monitoring.
Question 4.
Write short notes on NS2.
Answer:
NS2 is the abbreviation of NETWORK SIMULA-TOR version 2. NS2 has C++ and Object-oriented Tool Command Language (OTcl) of languages 2. It is one the open-source application software
Question 5.
Explain NRCFOSS.
Answer:
NRCFOSS: National Resource Centre for Free and Open Source Software an Institution of Government of India. To help in the development of FOSS in India.
Question 6.
Write a short note on Open NMS?
Answer:
There are two types in this Meridian and Horizon.
- Meridian: When we need stability and long-term support choose Meridian which is best for Enterprises as well as businesses.
- Horizon: Horizon used where innovation occurs frequently. It is Best for IT-ecosystem, new technologies monitoring.
Part III
Explain In Brief Answer
Question 1.
What are the uses of Open source Network Software?
Answer:
- There are many opensource softwares, so, we can select and use any software that suits our needs.
- The software can be used without any cost and restrictions.
- We can share our ideas with the team.
- We can learn many ideas and make our program writing skills more efficient.
- We can add the most required features to the software User friendly.
Question 2.
Explain Free software.
Answer:
Free software a concept developed in the 1980s by an MIT computer science researcher, Richard Stallman is defined by four conditions, as outlined by the nonprofit Free Software Foundation.
Question 3.
List out the Popular open-source software.
Answer:
- NS2 , OPEN NMS, Ubuntu , MySQL, PDF Creator, Open Office, 7zip, GnuCash, GIMP, BLENDER,
- AUDACITY, VLC, MOZILAi FIREFOX, MAGENTO, ANDROID, PHP
Question 4.
Write note on open source hardware.
Answer:
In this period of increased competition and cyber crimes, the computers used by indivudals or business organisations may have spy hardwares of rivals. Open source hardware technology helps in such threats. In this technique we get the components of the hardware and its circuit diagram, so that we can remove suspicious spyware if found.
Question 5.
What are the main functional areas of Open NMS?
Answer:
- Service monitoring, where a number of monitor modules can govern if network-based services (ICMP, HTTP, DNS, etc.) are accessible.
- Data Gathering by using SNMP and JMX.
- Event management and notifications, which comprises alarm reduction and a robust announcement system with accelerations and duty schedules.
Question 6.
Explain Types of Organizations related to Open Source.
Answer:
- Organizations related to Open Source
- Apache Software Foundation
- The Document Foundation The Eclipse Foundation
- Free Software Foundation
- Linux Foundation
- OpenCourseWare Consortium
- Open Source Initiative
Part IV
Explain In Detail
Question 1.
Differentiate Proprietary and open-source software.
Answer:
| Open Source Software |
Proprietary Software |
| It is developed and tested through open collaboration | It is owned by the individual or the organization that developed if |
| Anyone with the academic knowledge can access, inspect, modify and redistribute the source code. | Only the owner or publisher who holds the legal property rights of the source code can access it. |
| The project is managed by an open-source community of developers and programmers | The project is managed by a dosed group of individuals or a team that developed it |
| They are not aimed at unskilled users outside of the programming community | There are focused on a limited market of both skilled and unskilled end users |
| It Provides better flexibility which means more freedom which encourages innovation | There is a very limited scope of innovation with the restrictions and all |
| Example; Android, Firefox etc | Example: Windows, macOS |
Question 2.
List out the Benefits of Open Source Software.
Answer:
There are many open source softwares, so, we can select and use any software that suits our needs.
- The complete options of the software can be used without any cost and restrictions.
- We can share our ideas with the team, write the required code and share it with many.
- As we can identify the programming techniques of group members, we can learn many ideas and make our program writing skills more efficient.
- The coding in open source softwares is being groomed by many enthusiastic members of the group. So if we report problems that we have in the program they are quickly mended by the group’s effort.
- As we can make changes to the open-source softwares, we can add the most required features in the software.
- Much open-source software is very user friendly.
Question 3.
Explain various Open Source Licenses.
Answer:
Types of open source license
- Apache License 2.0
- BSD 3-Clause “New” or “Revised” license
- BSD 2-Clause “Simplified” or “FreeBSD” license
- GNU General Public License (GPL)
- GNU Library or “Lesser” Genera! Public License (LGPL)
- MIT license
- Mozilla Public License 2.0
- Common Development and Distribution License
- Eclipse Public License
- When you change the source code. OSS requires the inclusion, of what you altered as well as your methods.
- The software created after code modifications may or may not be made available for free.
12th Computer Applications Guide Open Source Concepts Additional Important Questions and Answers
Part A
Choose The Correct Answers:
Question 1.
…………… software has been developed by a variety of programmers.
a) Open source
b) Free Software
c) Proprietary’ Software
d) All of these
Answer:
a) Open source
Question 2.
Proprietary Software is owned by an …………………………
(a) Organization
(b) Individual
(c) both a and b
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) both a and b
Question 3.
Which of the following organization is not related to Open Source?
a) Apache Software Foundation
b) The Document Foundation
c) The Eclipse Foundation
d) Initiative Foundation.
Answer:
d) Initiative Foundation.
Question 4.
The free software concept is developed in ……………
a) 1980s
b) 1970s
c) 1990s
d) None of the above
Answer:
a) 1980s
Question 5.
Pick the odd one out
(a) Apache Software Foundation
(b) The document Foundation
(c) The Eclipse Foundation
(d) The round Foundation
Answer:
(d) The round Foundation
Question 6.
Which of the following is not an open-source application?
a) AUDACITY
b) VLC
c) Mozilla Firefox
d) MS Office
Answer:
d) MS Office
Question 7.
BOSS developed by ……………………..
(a) A-DAC
(b) M-DAC
(c) D-MAC
(d) C-DAC
Answer:
(d) C-DAC
Question 8.
…………… a pure event base software tool with super simulation design
a) OpenNMS
b) API
c) NS2
d) OTCL
Answer:
b) API
Question 9.
How many Indian Languages are supported by BOSS?
(a) 15
(b) 10
(c) 5
(d) many
Answer:
(d) many
Question 10.
In OpenNMS, Data are Gathering by using ……………..
a) SNMP
b) JMX
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both a and b
Question 11.
Which of the following is a network-based service?
a) ICMP
b) HTTP
c) DNS
d) All of the above
Answer:
d) All of the above
Question 12.
The free software was developed in the year …………………….
(a) 1972
(b) 1978
(c) 1980
(d) 2003
Answer:
(c) 1980
Abbreviation
- NRCFOSS- National Resource Centre for Free and Open Source Software
- BOSS – Bharat Operating System Solutions
- C-DAC – Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
- GNU – General Public License
- FCAPS – Fault, configuration, accounting, performance, security
- NMS – Network Management System)
- OTCL – Object-oriented Tool Command Language
- SSFNet – Scalable Simulation Framework Net Models
- API – Application Program Interface
- SOURCE CODE – Set of Instructions that decide, how the software should work
- NS2 – Network Simulation 2
- OpenNMS – Open Source Network Management Software
Assertion And Reason
Question 1.
Assertion (A): In a computer network, network simulation is a method whereby a software program models the activities of a network by calculating the communication between the different network objects such as(routers, nodes, switches, access points, links etc.).
Reason(R): A network simulator is a software program that replicates the functioning of a computer network.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
Question 2.
Assertion (A): There is much Open Source software. So, we can select and use any software that suits our needs.
Reason(R): The complete options of the software can be used without any cost and restrictions.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
Question 3.
Assertion (A): Open NMS (Network Management System) is a free and open-source initiative grade network monitoring and management platform.
Reason(R); It is established and maintained by a community of users, developers and by the Open NMS Group, it offering services, training and support.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
Question 4.
Assertion (A); Service monitoring, where a number of monitor modules can govern if network-based services (ICMP, HTTP, DNS, etc.) are accessible.
Reason(R): Data Gathering by using HTML and JSP.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
Question 5.
Assertion (A): AJAX has C++and Object-oriented Tool Command Language (OTCL) of languages
Reason(R): NS2 link together for C++ and the OTCL using TCLCL.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Match The Following:
1. Richard Stallman – Software Program
2. BOSS – Open-source Application software
3. BSD 2-Clause – LGPL
4. BSD 3-Clause – Free software concept
5. GNU Library – Data Gathering
6. NS2 – Revised license
7. Open NMS – C++, OTCL
8. Network Simulation – FCAPS
9. BLENDER – Free BSD license
10. SNMP – C-DAC
Answers
1. Free software a concept
2. C-DAC
3. FreeBSD license
4. Revised license
5. LGPL
6. C++, OTCL
7. FCAPS
8. Software Program
9. Open source Application software
10. Data Gathering
Very Short Answers
Question 1.
What is a trace file?
Answer:
Trace file is a document file, consists of every incident that happens in a simulation.
Question 2.
What is the use of Network monitoring software notifications?
Answer:
It is used to help the user or administrator for fixed errors.
Question 3.
Mention some large enterprise management products?
Answer:
HP Open View, IBM Micro muse or IBM Tivoli.
Question 4.
How NS2 links C++ and OTCL?
Answer:
It links together for C++ and the OTCL using TCLCL.
Question 5.
What is the use of trace files?
Answer:
Trace files can document every incident that happened in the simulation and are used for examination.
Question 6.
What does open-source denote?
Answer:
Open Source denotes some program whose I source code is made available for usage
Find The Odd One On The Following
1. (a) Support
(b) Training
(c) Edit Source By User
(d) Security
Answer:
(c) Edit Source By User
2. (a) Apache
(b) Microsoft
(c) Linux
(d) Document
Answer:
(b) Microsoft
3. (a) GUI
(b) GPL
(c) LG PL
(d) MIT
Answer:
(a) GUI
4. (a) Routers
(b) Nodes
(c) OpenSource
(d) Access points
Answer:
(c) OpenSource
5. (a) Openoffice
(b) VLC
(c) Microsoft word
(d) NS2
Answer:
(c) Microsoft word
6. (a) Fault
(b) Communication
(c) Accounting
(d) Performance
Answer:
(b) Communication
7. (a) Event Management
(b) Service Monitoring
(c) Data Collection
(d) MAGENTO
Answer:
(d) MAGENTO
8. (a) ICMP
(b) HTTP
(c) JMX
(d) DNS
Answer:
(c) JMX
9. (a) Mozilla Firefox
(b) Chrome
(c) Internet Explorer
(d) Android
Answer:
(d) Android
10. (a) Bjarne Stroustrup
(b) Steve Giles
(c) Brian Weaver
(d) LukeRindfuss.
Answer:
(a) Bjarne Stroustrup
Important Years To Remember:
| 1980 | Free software concept developed |
| 1999 | Open NMS was released by Steve Giles, Brian Weaver, and Luke Rindfuss |
| 2004 | OpenNMS Group was created by Balog, Matt Brozowski, and David Hustace |
Part B
Short Answers
Question 1.
Write a short note on open source software and developers?
Answer:
Open-Source Software and Developers:
OSS projects are collaboration opportunities that improve skills and build connections in the field. Domains that developers can contribute to the open-source community include:
- Communication tools.
- Distributed revision control systems.
- Bug trackers and task lists.
- Testing and debugging tools.
Question 2.
What is the network simulator?
Answer:
- A network simulator is a software program that replicates the functioning of a computer network.
- In simulators, the computer network is typically demonstrated with devices, traffic etc. and the performance is evaluated.
Question 3.
Write a short note on BOSS.
Answer:
- BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions) Operating System Developed in India by C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) Help to prompt the use of open-source software in India.
- It Supports many Indian languages.
Part C
Explain In Brief Answer
Question 1.
Write some Organizations related to Open Source.
Answer:
- Apache Software Foundation
- The Document Foundation
- The Eclipse Foundation
- Free Software Foundation
- Linux Foundation
- Open Courseware Consortium
- Open Source Initiative
Question 2.
List the various types of open NMS?
Answer:
There are two types in this Meridian and Horizon.
- Meridian: When we need stability and long-term support choose Meridian which is best for Enterprises as well as businesses.
- Horizon: Horizon used where innovation occurs frequently. It is Best for IT-ecosystem, new technologies monitoring.
Question 3.
Write a short note on Open-Source Software and Developers
Answer:
- OSS projects are collaboration opportunities that improve skills and build connections in the field.
- Domains that developers can contribute to the open-source community include:
- Communication tools.
- Distributed revision control systems.
- Bug trackers and task lists.
- Testing and debugging tools.
Part D
Explain In Detail
Question 1.
Differentiate Open Source Software with free software?
Answer:
Open-Source Software vs. Free Software:
Although the terms are often used interchangeably, OSS is slightly different from free software. Both deal with the ability to download and modify software without restriction or charge.
However, free software a concept developed in the 1980s by an MIT computer science researcher, Richard Stallman is defined by four conditions, as outlined by the nonprofit Free Software Foundation. These “four freedoms” emphasize the ability of users to use and enjoy software as they see fit.
In contrast, the OSS criteria, which the Open Source Initiative developed a decade later, place more emphasis on the modification of software, and the consequences of altering source code, licensing, and distribution.
Obviously, the two overlap; some would say the differences between OSS and free software are more philosophical than practical. However, neither should be confused with freeware. Freeware usually refers to proprietary software that users can download at no cost, but whose source code cannot be changed.
Question 2.
Explain in detail about Open NMS.
Answer:
- Open NMS (Network Management System) is a free and open-source initiative-grade network monitoring and management platform.
- It is established and maintained by a community of users, developers, and the Open NMS Group.
- It offering services, training, and support.
The goal is for Open NMS
- The goal is for Open NMS to be an actually distributed, scalable management application platform for all features of the FCAPS (Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security) network management model.
- Presently the emphasis is on Fault and Performance Management.
- It was intended to cope with tens of thousands of devices from a single server as well as achieve unlimited devices using a cluster of servers.
Features:
- OpenNMS comprises a discovery engine to routinely configure and manage network devices without operator intervention. It is written in Java and is issued under the GNU (General Public License.)
- OpenNMS is the World’s first software for Network monitor and management with open-source options.
OpenNMS- Types:
There are two types in this Meridian and Horizon.
Meridian: When we need stability and long-term support choose Meridian which is best for Enterprises as well as businesses.
Horizon:
- It is used where innovation occurs frequently.
- It is Best for IT-ecosystem, new technology monitoring.
History:
- OpenNMS was Released in 1999 by Steve Giles, Brian Weaver, and Luke Rindfuss.
- In 2004 OpenNMS Group was created by Balog, Matt Brozovvski, and David Hustace.
- It is written in Java and can run on all type of platform,
- It gives us Event management & Notification, Discovery & Provisioning, service monitoring, and Data Collection.
- Won lot of awards for best of open-source software.
Question 3.
Explain in Detail Open NMS?
Answer:
Open NMS
- Open NMS (Network Management System)is a free and open-source initiative-grade network monitoring and management platform.
- It is established and maintained by a community of users, developers, and by the Open NMS
Group, it offering services, training, and support. - The goal is for Open NMS to be an actually distributed, scalable management application platform for all features of the FCAPS (Fault, configuration, accounting, performance,
security) network management model. - Presently the emphasis is on Fault and Performance Management.
It was intended to cope with tens of thousands of devices from a single server as well as achieve unlimited devices using a cluster of servers. - Open NMS comprises a discovery engine to routinely configure and manage network devices without operator intervention.
- It is written in Java and is issued under the GNU (General Public License.)
- Open NMS is the Worlds first software for Network monitor and management with open source options. There are two types in this Meridian and Horizon.
- When we need stability and long-term support choose Meridian which is best for Enterprises as well as businesses, for Horizon used where innovation occurs frequently. It is Best for IT-ecosystem, new technologies monitoring.
Open Source Hardware:
- Remix
- Remake
- Remanufacture
- Redistribute
- Resell
- Study and Learn