Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Chapter 15 Carbon and its Compounds

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 15 Carbon and its Compounds Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 15 Carbon and its Compounds

9th Science Guide Carbon and its Compounds Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
A phenomenon in which an element exists in different modification in same physical state is called
(a) isomerism
(b) allotropy
(c) catenation
(d) crystallinity
Answer:
(b) allotropy

Question 2
Carbon forms large number of organic compounds due to
(a) Allotropy
(b) Isomerism
(c) Tetravalency
(d) Catenation
Answer:
(d) Catenation

Question 3.
Nandhini brings her lunch every day to school in a plastic container which has resin code number 5. The container is made of
(a) Polystyrene
(b) PVC
(c) Polypropylene
(d) LDPE
Answer:
(c) Polypropylene

Question 4.
Plastics made of Polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) . are made of resin code …………………
(a) 2
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7
Answer:
(a) 7

Question 5.
Graphene is one atom thick layer of carbon obtained from
(a) diamond
(b) fiillerene
(c) graphite
(d) gas carbon
Answer:
(c) graphite

Question 6.
The legal measures to prevent plastic pollution come under the Protection …………….. Act 1988.
(a) Forest
(b) Wildlife
(c) Environment
(d) Human rights
Answer:
(c) Environment

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. ………………. named carbon.
Answer:
Antoine Lavoisier

2. Buckminster Fullerene contains ………………… carbon atoms.
Answer:
60

3. Compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are known as ………………….. .
Answer:
Isomers

4. …………….. is a suitable solven for Sulphur.
Answer:
Allotropy

5. There are ……………. plastic resin codes.
Answer:
seven

III. Match the following :

Alkyne	Bucky Ball
Andre Geim	Oxidation
C60	Graphene
Thermocol	Triple bond
Combution	Polystyrene

Answer:

Alkyne	Triple bond
Andre Geim	Graphene
C60	Bucky Ball
Thermocol	Polystyrene
Combution	Oxidation

IV. Answer in briefly :

Question 1.
Differentiate graphite and diamond.
Answer:

Graphite	Diamond
Each carbon atom has three covalent bonds.	Each carbon atom has four covalent bonds.
Soft, slippery to touch and opaque	Hard, heavy and transparent
It has planar layers of hexagon units.	It has tetrahedral units linked in three dimension
It is conductor of heat and electricity.	It is non-conductor of heat and electricity

Question 2.
Write all possible isomers of C₄H₁₀
Answer:

Question 3.
Carbon forms only covalent compounds. Why?
Answer:
Carbon forms only covalent compounds because it has 4 electrons, in its.

Question 4.
Define Allotrophy.
Answer:
Allotrophy is a property by which are element can exist in more than one form that are physically different and chemically similar.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Chapter 15 Carbon and its Compounds 1

Question 5.
Why are one-time use and throwaway plastics harmful?
Answer:

1. Use and throwaway plastics cause short and long-term environmental damage.
2. Half of all the plastic made today is used for throwaway plastic items. These block drains and pollute water bodies.
3. One-time use plastic causes health problems for humans, plants and animals.
4. Some examples are plastic carry bags, cups, plates, straws, water pouches, cutlery and plastic sheets used for food wrapping.

V. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
What is catenation? How does carbon form catenated compounds?
Answer:
Catenation is binding of an element to itself or with other elements through covalent bonds to form open chain or closed chain compounds.

• Carbon is the most common element which undergoes catenation and long chain compounds.
• Carbon atom links repeatedly to itself through covalent bond to form linear branched chain (or) ring structure

• This property of carbon itself is the reason for the presence of large number of organic carbon compounds.
• So organic chemistry essentially deals with catenated carbon compounds.
• Example: Starch and cellulose contain chains of hundreds of carbon atoms.

Question 2.
What are the chemical reactions of carbon?
Answer:
Elemental carbon undergoes no reaction at room temperature.
Oxidation : Carbon combines with oxygen to form its oxides such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), with evolution of heat. Organic carbon compounds like hydrocarbon also undergo oxidation to form oxides and steam with evolution of heat and flame.

This reaction is also called ‘Combustion’.

Reaction with Steam : Carbon reacts with steam to form carbon monoxide hydrogen. This mixture is called water gas.
C_(S) + H₂O_(g) → CO_(g) + H_2(g)

Reaction with Sulphur: With sulphur, carbon forms its disuiphide at high temperature.
C_(S) + S_(g) → CS_2(g)

Reaction with Metals : At elevated temperatures, carbon reacts with some metals like iron, tungsten, titanium, etc., to form their carbides
W_(S)+C_(g) → WC_(S)

Question 3.
Name the three safer resin codes of plastics and describe their features.
Answer:

VI. Higher Order Thinking Skills:

Question 1.
Why do carbon exist mostly in combined state?
Answer:
Carbon is an element that can form many different compounds, as each carbon atom can form 4 chemical bonds with other atoms and because the carbon atom is just the right size to fit in comfortably as parts of very large molecules.

Question 2.
When a carbon fuel burns in less aerated room, it is dangerous to stay there. Why?
Answer:

• When a carbon fuel bums in less aerated room, the fuel may undergo incomplete combustion.
• It results in the formation of carbon monoxide.
• When exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) it enters human body, through breathing, affects the function of haemoglobin.
• Sometimes, it will lead to death.

Question 3.
Explain how dioxins are formed? Which plastic-type they are linked to and why they are harmful to humans?
Answer:
Dioxin formation:

• Dioxin compounds are not created intentionally but are formed inadvertently by a number of human and natural activities.
• These activities include combustion and incineration, forest fires, chlorine bleaching of pulp and paper, certain types of chemical manufacturing and processing, and other industrial processes.
• Cigarette smoke, some home-heating systems, and exhaust from vehicles using leaded and unleaded petrol as well as diesel fuels also produce small amounts of dioxins.
• Burning materials that may contain chlorine such as plastics, wood treated with pentachlorophenol (PCP), pesticide-treated wastes, other chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenols (PCB_s), and even bleached paper can produce dioxins.

Their link with plastic :

• Dioxins are linked with PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride plastics).
• The most dangerous emissions can be caused by burning PVC, as it releases dioxins.

Harmful effects of Dioxins to humans :

• Dioxins are the most toxic to human organisms.
• Dioxins can cause cancer, disrupt the endocrine system, alteration in pituitary and thyroid gland functions, immune suppression, neurobehavioral effects and cause reproductive and developmental effects.
• They are carcinogenic and a hormone disruptor and persistent, and they accumulate in our body-fat and thus mothers give it directly to their babies via the placenta.

Question 4.
Yugaa wants to buy a plastic water bottle. She goes to the shop and sees four different kinds of plastic bottles with resin codes 1, 3, 5, and 7. Which one should she buy? Why?
Answer:

• Yugaa should buy a plastic water bottle with Resin Code No.5, which is considered as one of the safer plastics. It is light and hard.

Reasons to avoid resin codes 1,3,7

• Bottle with Resin Code 1 is to be used only once. This plastic can release a chemical additive called antimony, which is not good for health.
• Bottle with Resin Code 3 is the most toxic plastic. It will have a smell of a new shoe. It should be avoided.
• Bottle with Resin Code 7 has the plastic types PC and ABS which are unsafe and toxic.

Intext Activities

ACTIVITY -1
With the help of your teacher, try to classify the following as organic and inorganic compounds.
HCN, CO₂, Propane, PVC, CO Kerosene, LPG, Coconut oil, Wood, Perfume, Alcohol, Na₂CO₃, CaCO₃. MgO, Cotton, Petrol.
Solution:

Inorganic	Organic
CO2	Propane
CO	Wood, kerosene, coconut oil
MgO	Parfume
HCN	Alcohol
Na2CO3	Cotton
PVC	Petrol
	LPG

[End of the activity]

ACTIVITY – 2

Take a football since it resembles Buckminsterfullerene. Count how many hexagonal and pentagonal panels are in it very comer is considered as one carbon. Compare your observation with fullerene and discuss with your friends.
Aim:
To compare the structure of fullerene with football.
Materials required:
Football

Procedure:

1. Take football.
2. Count the hexagonal and pentagonal rings shapes in football.

Observation:

Shapes	Fullerene (C60)	Football
Pentagon	12 Pentagonal rings	12 Black pentagons
Hexagon	20 Hexagonal rings	20 White hexagons
Structure	Closed cage-like structure	Polyhedron Structure

Conclusion :
The structure of football is compared with fullerene.

9th Science Guide Carbon and its Compounds Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Carbon is one of the most important ………………….element.
(a) Metallic
(b) Non-metallic
(c) Metalloid _
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Non-metallic

Question 2.
The most recently discovered allotrope of carbon is ……………….
(a) Graphite
(b) Fullerene
(c) Graphene ‘
(d) Gas carbon
Answer:
(c) Graphene

Question 3.
……………. is the first organic compound synthesized in the laboratory.
(a) Urea
(b) Acetic acid
(c) Methane
(d) Ethanol
Answer:
(a) Urea

Question 4.
The main component of water gas is …………….
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Calcium carbide
(d) Methane
Answer:
(b) Carbon monoxide

Question 5.
The ability of carbon to form …………… is the main reason for the formation of various classes of carbon compounds.
(a) Tetravalency
(b) Catenation
(c) Isomerism
(d) Multiple bonds
Answer:
(d) Multiple bonds

Question 6.
Arrangement of atoms in diamond is …………………
(a) Hexagonal
(b) Trigonal
(c) Tetrahedral
(d) Pentagonal
Answer:
(c) Tetrahedral

Question 7.
The amorphous allotropic carbon used for making electrodes in dry cell
(a) Coke
(b) Charcoal
(c) Lampblack
(d) Gas carbon
Answer:
(d) Gas carbon

Question 8.
Elemental carbon undergoes …………. reaction at room temperature.
(a) Oxidation
(b) Reduction
(c) Free radical
(d) no.
Answer:
(d) no

Question 9.
Amorphous forms of carbon and graphite are almost …………… in colour.
(a) Grey
(b) brownish
(c) black
(d) dirty white
Answer:
(c) black

Question 10.
Carbon monoxide displaces ………………. from hemoglobin.
(a) nitrogen
(b) oxygen
(c) hydrogen
(d) carbon dioxide
Answer:
(b) oxygen

Question 11.
Burning of PVC releases
(a) Dioxins
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Sulphur dioxide
(d) Chlorine
Answer:
(a) Dioxins

Question 12.
Which among the following plastics release antimony when we reuse.
(a) PVC
(b) HDPE
(c) PP
(d) PET
Answer:
(d) PET

Question 13.
According to the Octet rule, carbon requires ……………. electrons to attain the nearest noble gas.
(a) One
(b) two
(c) Three
(d) Four
Answer:
(d) Four

Question 14.
Most one-time use plates are made from ……………
(a) Polypropylene
(b) Polystyrene
(c) Polyethylene
(d) Polyvinylchloride
Answer:
(b) Polystyrene

Question 15.
Which among the following compound is soluble in water?
(a) Methane
(b) Ethylene
(c) Ethanol
(d) Phenol
Answer:
(c) Ethanol

Question 16.
The number of free electrons in each carbon of diamond is
(a) Zero
(b) One
(c) Two
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) zero

Question 17.
The carbon atoms in Graphene are arranged in
(a) Hexagon
(b) Pentagon
(c) octagon
(d) Tetragon
Answer:
(a) Hexagon

Question 18.
Resin Code” represents the type of …………….. used to make the plastic.
(a) Polymer
(b) Rubber
(c) monomer
(d) Polymerisation
Answer:
a) Polymer

Question 19.
Diamond is not a good conductor of electricity because
(a) it is very hard
(b) it has no free electron
(c) its structure is uniform
(d) it is insoluble in water
Answer:
(b) it has no free electron
Hint: Diamond contains no free electron and it behaves as an insulator

Question 20.
Which of the following is highly toxic?
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Calcium carbonate
(d) Sodium bicarbonate
Answer:
(b) Carbon monoxide
Hint: CO easily binds with Haemoglobin and then causes death

Question 21.
Which of the following plastic items are banned by the Government of Tamil Nadu as of 1st January 2019?
(a) Plastic sheets
(b) Plastic teacups
(c) Plastic water packet
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 22.
Graphite is used as a lubricant in machines because
(a) it is a good conductor of electricity
(b) it is made of slippery layers and  has a high melting point
(c) it has a high density
(d) it is strong and soft
Answer:
(b) it is made of slippery layers and has a high melting point

Question 23.
Plastic resin codes are shown as three chasing arrows in a ………………. with a number in the middle or letters (an acronym of that plastic type).
(a) Logo
(b) Recycling Symbol
(c) Square
(d) Triangle
Answer:
(d) Triangle

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. …………… is the main constituent of coal.
Answer:
Carbon

2. Carbon chemistry is also called as ……………..
Answer:
Living chemistry

3. Graphene has a thickness of just …………… atom.
Answer:
One

4. ……………. is the Father of Modem Organic Chemistry
Answer:
Friedrich Wohler

5. The inorganic carbon compound that takes past in photosynthesis is …………………….
Answer:
Carbon dioxide

6. The carbon cycle is the …………….. cycle.
Answer:
Biogeochemical

7. ……………….. structure accountable for hardness and rigidity of diamond.
Answer:
Three dimensional

8. Hexagonal layers in Graphite are held together by ……………………
Answer:
weak VanderWaals forces

9. Pet name for Buckminster Fullerene is ………………….
Answer:
Bucky ball

10. A large family of fullerene exists, starting at ………………… and reaching upto .
Answer:
C₂₀, C₅₄₀

11. Graphene is ………………. shaped hexagonal ring
Answer:
Honeycomb

12. Cigarette smoking is a source of ……………….
Answer:
Carbon Monoxide

13. Carbon monoxide enters into human body through …………………
Answer:
breathing

14. Do not use _______ for school projects.
Answer:
Thermocol

15. Polycarbonate (PC) plastic contains ……………..
Answer:
Bisphenol A

III. Match the following :
(I)

1. Graphite	a) Honeycomb
2. Fullerene	b) Tetrahedral
3. Graphene	c) Hexagonal
4. Diamond	d) Dome-shaped

Answer:
1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – b

(II)

Answer:
1-b,2-c,3-a,4-d

(III)

Answer:
1-c, 2 -a, 3-b, 4-c

IV. True or False :

1. About 18% of the weight of the human body is carbon.
Answer:
True.

2. There is more abundance of carbon in the earth
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: There is less abundance of carbon in the earth.

3. Carbon has the tendency to lose its four electrons with that of other atoms to complete its octet.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Carbon has the tendency to share its four electrons with that of other atoms to complete its octet

4. All the allotropic forms of carbon are solids.
Answer:
True.

5. Carbon’s amorphous forms have high melting and boiling poult compared to crystalline forms.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Carbon’s amorphous forms have low melting and boiling point compared to crystalline forms.

6. Used plate is easy to recycle.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Used plate difficult to recycle.

7. Do not eat hot food items in plastic containers.
Answer:
True.

V. Assertion and Reason type questions :

Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but the reason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : The number of carbon compounds alone is more than the number of compounds of all the elements taken together.
Reason (R) : Carbon has some unique properties such as
1) Catenation, 2) Tetravalency, 3) Multiple bonds, 4) Allotropy, 5) Isomerism.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : There are various classes of carbon compounds formed.
Reason (R) : The property of Isomerism is the main reason.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false
Reason : The ability to form multiple bonds is the main reason.

Question 3.
Assertion (A) : Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas of carbon.
Reason (R): smoking is a source of carbon monoxide.
Answer:
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation for assertion

Question 4.
Assertion (A): PVC is an unsafe plastic.
Reason (R)Burning PVC releases dioxins, a most toxic chemical.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

VI. Answer the following by rearranging the jumbled letters :

Question 1.
It is the hardest allotrope of carbon
mnodaid
Answer:
Diamond

Question 2.
Organic compounds having a double bond between carbon atoms are
knelaes
Answer:
Alkenes

Question 3.
Reaction of carbon with oxygen gives
osdiex
Answer:
Oxides

Question 4.
In this molecule, carbon is attached to four hydrõgen atoms.
emathen
Answer:
Methane

Question 5.
Carbon combines with other elements through the _______ bond.
lnaocvet
Answer:
Covalent

Question 6.
Plastics made of________ are represented by resin code #6.
sytlopynere
Answer:
Polystyrene

Question 7.
One-time use plastics are also known as ______ plastics.
áwyrhotwa
Answer:
throwaway

Question 8.
One-time use plastics cause ________ damage.
trnvomenialne
Answer:
Environmental

Question 9.
Expanded polystyrene is commercially known as
mthreolco
Answer:
Thermocol

VII. Very Short Answer questions :

Question 1.
How can graphite be transformed to diamond?
Answer:
Graphite could be transformed to the diamond at high temperature and high pressure.

Question 2.
How did the ancients obtain charcoal?
Answer:
Ancients manufactured charcoal by burning organic compounds.

Question 3.
Which theory was challenged by the synthetic preparation of Urea?
Answer:
Vital force theory.

Question 4.
Name two inorganic carbon compounds which are used as an antacid?
Answer:
Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)

Question 5.
What is tetravalency?
Answer:
Carbon has the tendency to share~its four electrons with other atoms to complete its octet. This is called Tetravalency.

Question 6.
Name the primary factor that determines the physical and chemical properties of compounds.
Answer:
Nature of bonding in a compound.

Question 7.
Why do elements show allotropy?
Answer:
It’s a method of formation or preparation.

Question 8.
Why is graphite softer than a diamond?
Answer:
The hexagonal layers in graphite are held together by weak Vander Waals forces of attraction.

Question 9.
What are Polymer resins?
Answer:
Plastics, made from long-chain organic compounds, are called “Polymer resins”.

Question 10.
List the three unsafe plastics.
Answer:

1. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
2. Polystyrene (Thermocol)
3. Polycarbonates (PC).

Question 11.
How many valence electrons are there in carbon?
Answer:
There are 4 valence electrons in carbon, out of 6 total electrons.

Question 12.
Who is called ‘Father of Modern Organic Chemistry’?
Answer:
Friedrich Wohler is called the ‘Father of Modern Organic Chemistry’.

Question 13.
Which three resin codes are unsafe?
Answer:
Resin Code Nos. 3, 6, and 7 unsafe.

VIII. Short Answer questions:

Question 1.
Prove that a diamond is a pure form of carbon?
Answer:

• When an equal weight of charcoal and diamond were burned, they produced the same amount of carbon dioxide.
• So like charcoal, diamond is also a pure form of carbon.

Question 2.
Write the classification of carbon compounds.
Answer:

1. Organic Carbon Compound	2. Inorganic Carbon Compounds
These are the compounds of carbon obtained from living organisms such as plants and animals. (e.g) Cellulose, Ethanol, Starch.	These are the compounds containing carbon but obtained from non-living matter. (e.g) Calcium carbonate, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide

Question 3.
Write short notes on the carbon cycle.
Answer:

1. The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle.
2. Carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth.
3. Carbon is the main component of biological compounds as well as a major component of many minerals such as limestone.

Question 4.
Define: (i) Allotropy (ii) Allotrope
Answer:
(i) Allotropy: It is a property by which an element can exist in more than one form that is physically different and chemically similar.
(ii) Allotrope: The different forms of an element.

Question 5.
Differentiate crystalline and amorphous forms of allotropes of carbon.
Answer:

Crystalline allotropes of carbon	Amorphous allotropes of carbon
1. Diamond	1. Charcoal
2. Graphite	2. Lampblack
3. Fullerene	3. Coke
4. Graphene	4. Gas Carbon

Question 6.
Why is carbon monoxide harmful to health? (or) What happens when we breath Carbon monoxide?
Answer:

• On exposition, carbon monoxide (CO) enters the human body through breathing.
• It affects the function of hemoglobin by displacing oxygen from hemoglobin.
• It will lead to death.

Question 7.
Why. do we remove plastics safely? How can it be done?
Answer:

• Plastics are non-biogradable.
• Plastics can be recycled (or) disposed safely without harming environment.

Question 8.
Mention two reasons for the harmful nature of plastics.
Answer:

1. Plastics contain chemicals that are harmful to our health.
2. Most of the plastics are one-time use (or) throwaway in nature and pollutes the environment.

Question 9.
Give some examples of one-time-use plastic.
Answer:

• Plastic carry bags,
• Cups,
• Plastic plates,
• Straws,
• Water pouches, 6. Plastic sheets.

Question 10.
What we can do to prevent plastic pollution?
Answer:

• Share scientific knowledge on plastics and their effects with our family, friends, and relatives.
• Create awareness to avoid harmful plastics by educating about the resin codes.
• Educate about the new rules to stop one-time use of plastics.

IX. Long Answer questions

Question 1.
Draw a timeline of carbon chemistry depicting the contribution by scientists.
Answer:

Year	Scientist	Contribution
1772	Antoine Lavoisier (France)	Diamond and charcoal are carbon allotropes
1779	Carl Scheele (Sweden)	Graphite is another form of carbon
1796	Smithson Tennant	Diamond is a pure carbon like charcoal.
1855	Benjamin Brodie (England)	Pure graphite from carbon, proving graphite is a form of carbon
1955	Francis Bundy (USA)	Transformed graphite into diamond.
1985	Robert Curl, Harry Kroto and Richard Smalley	Discovered a new form of carbon called fullerenes.
2004	KostyaNovoselov Andre Geim	Graphene – lightest carbon

Question 2.
Give an account of (I) Isomerism (II) Isomers with an illustration.
Answer:
(1) Isomerism: The Phenomenon in which an element has the same molecular formula may exhibit different structural arrangement is called Isomerism.
(II) Isomers: Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula are called isomers.
Illustration: Molecular formula: C₂H₆O, is having two kinds of the arrangement of atoms as shown below.

In the above illustration, the molecular formula C₂H₆O has two different structural formulae
(a) Alcohol (CH₃CH₂OH) [Oxygen at the end of Chain
(b) Ether (CH₃OCH₃) [Oxygen at the middle
Both structural formulae will show different physical and chemical properties.

Question 3.
Write the salient features of Graphene.
Answer:

• Graphene is the most recently produced allotrope of carbon.
• It is honey comb-shaped hexagonal rings repeatedly arranged in a plane.
• It is the thinnest compound known to man at one atom thick.
• It is the lightest material known and the strongest compound discovered.
• Layers of graphene are stacked to form graphite by Vander Waals forces.

Question 4.
Briefly note the harmful effects of any four plastics.
Answer:

Question 5.
How can you minimise plastic pollution by your daily practices?
Answer:

• Don’t litter the environment by throwing plastic items.
• Don’t burn plastics since it causes the evolution of highly toxic gases.
• Avoid one-time use (or) throw away plastics like plastic bags, teacups, carry bags, plastic plates, etc.
• Don’t eat hot (or) spicy food items in plastic containers. ‘
• Segregate the plastic wastes and hand this over to the municipal authorities so that it can be recycled.
• Know about the resin codes and avoid unsafe plastics.
• Don’t use thermocol for school projects.