Category: Class 9

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 20 Organ Systems in Animals Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 20 Organ Systems in Animals

9th Science Guide Organ Systems in Animals Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Which of the following is not a salivary gland?
(a) Sublingual
(b) Lachrymal
(c) Submaxillary
(d) Parotid
Answer:
(b) Lachrymal

Question 2.
Stomach of human beings mainly digests ……………….
(a) carbohydrates
(b) proteins
(c) fat
(d) sucrose
Answer:
(b) proteins

Question 3.
To prevent the entry of food into the trachea, the opening is guarded by ………………..
(a) epiglottis
(b) glottis
(c) hard palate
(d) soft palate
Answer:
(a) epiglottis

Question 4.
Bile helps in the digestion of ………………..
(a) proteins
(b) sugar
(c) fats
(d) carbohydrates
Answer:
(c) fats

Question 5.
The structural and functional unit of the kidney is ………………..
(a) villi
(b) liver
(c) nephron
(d) ureter
Answer:
(c) nephron

Question 6.
Which one of the following substance is not a constituent of sweat?
(a) Urea
(b) Protein
(c) Water
(d) Salt
Answer:
(b) Protein

Question 7.
The common passage meant for transporting urine and sperms in male is ………………..
(a) ureter
(b) urethra
(c) vas deferens
(d) scrotum
Answer:
(c) vas deferens

Question 8.
Which of the following is not a part of female reproductive system?
(a) Ovary
(b) Uterus
(c) Testes
(d) Fallopian tube
Answer:
(c) Testes

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. The opening of the stomach into the intestine is called …………………
Answer:
pylorus

2. The muscular and sensory organ which helps in mixing the food with saliva is ………………..
Answer:
tongue

3. Bile, secreted by liver is stored temporarily in………………..
Answer:
gall bladder

4. The longest part of alimentary canal is………………..
Answer:
ileum

5. The human body functions normally at a temperature of about …………………
Answer:
37°C

6. The largest cell in the human body of a female is………………..
Answer:
ovum

III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement.

1. Nitric acid in the stomach kills microorganisms in the food.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement : Hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills micro-organisms in the food.

2. During digestion, proteins are broken down into amino acids.
Answer:
True.

3. Glomerular filtrate consists of many substances like amino acids, vitamins, hormones, salts, glucose and other essential substances.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Hormones are not present in glomerular filtrate.

IV. Match the following :

Organ	Elimination
1. Skin	(a) Urine
2. Lungs	(b) Sweat
3. Intestine	(c) Carbon dioxide
4. Kidneys	(d) Undigested food

Answer:
1 – b, 2 – c, 3 – d, 4 – a

V. Differentiate the following :

a. Excretion and Secretion
b. Absorption and Assimilation
c. Ingestion and Egestion
d. Diphyodont and Heterodont
e. Incisors and Canines
Answer:
(a) Excretion
The process of removal of nitrogenous wastes generated in the body is called excretion.

Secretion
A process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland or organ for a function in the organism or for excretion.

(b)
Absorption
Absorption is the process by which nutrients obtained after digestion are absorbed by villi and circulated

1. throughout the body by blood and lymph and supplied to all body cells according to their requirements.
2. It takes place in the small intestine. It

Assimilation :

1. Assimilation means the incorporation of the absorbed food materials into the tissue cells as their internal and hoihogenous component.
2.  takes place in the cells of the body.

(c) Ingestion
The process of nutrition begins with intake of food, called ingestion.

Egestion :
The undigested or unassimilated portion of the ingested food material is thrown out from the body through the anal aperture as faecal matter. This is known as egestion or defaecation.

(d) Diphyodont
In human beings two sets of teeth (Diphyodont) are developed in their life time. The first appearing set of 20 teeth ca! led temporary or milk teeth are replaced by the second set of thirty two permanent teeth, sixteen in each jaw. This is called Diphyodont dentition.

Heterodont
Permanent teeth are of four types according to their struture and function namely Incisors, Canines, Premolars and molars. This is called Heterodont dentition.

(e) Incisors  :

1. Used for cutting and biting.
2. In a human adult there are 8 incisors

Canines

1. Used for tearing and piercing.
2. In a human adult there are 4 canines.

VI. Answer briefly :

Question 1.
How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?
Answer:
Small intestine comprises three parts- duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Ileum is the longest part of the small intestine. It contains minute finger-like projections called villi where absorption of food takes place. They are approximately 4 million in number. Internally, each villus contains fine blood capillaries and lacteal tubes.

Question 2.
Why do we sweat?
Answer:
The human body functions normally at a temperature of about 37°C. When it gets hot sweat glands start secreting sweat, which contains water with small amounts of other chemicals like ammonia, urea, lactic acid and salts (mainly sodium chloride). The sweat passes through the pores in the skin and gets evaporated, which reduces the body temperature.

Question 3.
Mention any two vital functions of the human kidney.
Answer:
Two vital functions of the kidneys are;

1. Maintain the fluid and electrolyte balance in our body.
2. Maintain the osmotic pressure in blood and tissues.

Question 4.
What is micturition?
Answer:
When the urinary bladder is full the urine is expelled out through the urethra. This process is called micturition. A healthy person excretes one to two litres of urine per day.

Question 5.
Name the types of teeth present in an adult human being. Mention the functions of each.
Answer:
Permanent teeth are of four types (Heterodont), according to their structure and function namely incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

Types of teeth and their functions :

Question 6.
Explain the structure of nephron.
Answer:

• Each kidney consists of more than one million nephrons. Nephrons or uriniferous tubules are structural and functional units of the kidneys.
• Each nephron consists of Renal corpuscle or Malphigian corpuscle and renal tubule.
• The renal corpuscle consists of a cup-shaped structure called Bowman’s capsule containing a bunch of capillaries called glomerulus.
• Blood enters the glomerular capillaries through afferent arterioles and leaves out through efferent arterioles.
• The Bowman’s capsule continues as the renal tubule which consists of three regions proximal convoluted tubule, U-shaped hair pin loop, the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule.
• The distal convoluted tubule which opens into the collecting tubule. The nitrogenous wastes are drained into renal pelvis of kidney which leads to ureters and stored in the urinary bladder.
• Urine is expelled out through the urethra.

VII. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Describe the alimentary canal of man.
Answer:
Alimentary canal is a muscular coiled, tubular structure. It consists of mouth, buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (consisting of duodenum, jejunum and ileum), large intestine (consisting of caecum, colon and rectum) and anus.

Mouth: Leads into the buccal cavity. It is bound 2 soft movable upper and lower lips. The buccal cavity is a large space-bound above by the palate (which separates the windpipe and food tube), below by the throat and on the sides by the jaws. The jaws bear teeth.

Teeth: Hard structures meant
for holding, cutting, grinding and crushing the food. In human beings, two sets of teeth (Diphyodont) are developed in their lifetime.

Each tooth has a root fitted in the gum (Theocodont). Permanent teeth are of four types (Heterodont), according to their structure and function namely incisors, canines, premolars and molars.

Dental formula represents the number of different type of teeth present in each half of a jaw (upper and lower jaw).
For Permanent teeth in each half of upper and lower jaw:
\(\frac{2,1,2,3}{2,1,2,3}\) = 16 x 2 = 32

Salivary glands: There are 3 pairs

• Parotid glands Largest salivary glands, which lie in the cheeks in front of the ears.
• Sublingual glands Smallest lands and lie beneath the tongue.
• Submaxillary or Submandibular-glands-lie at the angles of the lower jaw.

Tongue: Muscular, sensory organ – Helps in mixing the food with the saliva.

Pharynx: It is a membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the oesophagus. Serves as” a pathway for the movement of food from mouth to oesophagus.

Oesophagus: Muscular-membranous canal about 22 cm in length. It conducts food ‘ from pharynx to the stomach by peristalsis (wave-like movement) produced by the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscular walls of alimentary canal.

Stomach: Wide J-shaped muscular organ located.

Location: Between oesophagus and the small intestine.

Small intestine: The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal, which is a long coiled tube measuring about 5 – 7 m. It comprises three parts- duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

• Duodenum – C-shaped and receives the bile duct (from the liver) and pancreatic duct (from Pancreas). ’
• Jejunum Middle part of the small intestine. A short region of the small intestine.
• Ileum – Forms the lower part of the small intestine and opens into the large intestine.

Liver: Largest digestive gland of the body, reddish-brown in colour. Bile salts help in the digestion of fats by emulsification (conversion of large fat droplets into small ones).

Pancreas: Lobed, a leaf-shaped gland situated between the stomach and duodenum.
Pancreas acts both as an exocrine gland and as an endocrine gland.

Large intestine: The unabsorbed and undigested food is passed into the large intestine.
It extends from the ileum to the anus. About 1.5 meters in length. Has 3 parts colon and rectum.

Caecum: Small blind pouch-like structure at the junction of the small and large intestine.
From its blind end, a finger-like structure called a vermiform appendix arises. It is a vestigeal (functionless) organ in human beings.

Colon: Much broader than ileum. Passes up the abdomen on the right ascending colon,
crosses to the left just below the stomach (transverse colon) and down on the left side – (descending colon).

Rectum: Last part which opens into the anus muscles called mi;)! Spain opens when passing stools.

Question 2.
Explain the structure of the kidney and the steps involved in the formation of urine.
Answer:
STRUCTURE OF KIDNEYS:

• Kidneys are bean-shaped reddish-brown in colour.
• The kidneys lie on either side of the vertebral column in the abdominal cavity attached to the dorsal body wall.
• The right kidney is placed lower than the left kidney as the liver takes up much space on the right side.
• Each kidney is about 11 cm long, 5 cm wide, and 3 cm thick.
• Internally the kidney consists of:
  • An outer dark region the cortex. Longitudinal section of human kidney
  • The inner lighter region the medulla.
• Both of these regions contain uriniferous tubules or nephrons.
• The medulla consists of multitubular conical masses called the
  or whose bases are adjacent to the cortex.
• On the inner concave side of each kidney, a notch called hilum is present through which blood vessels and nerves enter in and the urine leaves out.
  

STEPS INVOLVED IN URINE FORMATION :

There are three stages.

1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption and
3. Tubular secretion

Glomerular filtration: Urine formation begins with the filtration of blood through epithelial walls of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule. The filtrate is called the glomerular filtrate. Both essential and non-essential substances present in the blood are filtered.

Tubular reabsorption: The filtrate in the proximal tubule consists of essential substances such as glucose, amino acids, vitamins sodium-potassium bicarbonates, and water that are reabsorbed into the blood by a process of selective reabsorption

Tubular secretion: Substances such as EU or ions are secreted into the tubule. This tubular filtrate is finally known as urine , which is hypertonic in man Finally the urine passes into collecting ducts to the pelvis and through the ureter into the urinary bladder. When the urinary bladder is full the urine is expelled out through the urethra. This process is called micturition. The healthy person excretes 1-2 litres of urine/day.

VIII. Assertion and Reason :

Mark the correct answer as ;
a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
b. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
c. If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d. If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Question 1.
Assertion: Urea is excreted out through the kidneys.
Reason: Urea is a toxic substance.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 2.
Assertion: In both the sexes gonads perform dual function.
Reason: Gonads are also called primary sex organs.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

IX. Higher Order Thinking Skills :

Question 1.
If pepsin is lacking in gastric juice, then which event in the stomach will be affected?
a. digestion of starch into sugars.
b. breaking of proteins into peptides.
c. digestion of nucleic acids.
d. breaking of fats into glycerol and fatty acids.
Answer:
b. breaking of proteins into peptides.

Question 2.
Name the blood vessel that
(a) enter malphigian capsule and
(b) leaves malphigian capsule.
Answer:
(a) Afferent arteriole.
(b) Efferent arteriole.

Question 3.
Why do you think that urine analysis is an important part of medical diagnosis?
Answer:
Urine is excreted from the human body which constitutes more than 95% water and other constituents like urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine and other dissolved ions, and inorganic and organic compounds. When there is an illness or disease, the constituents and its levels in urine also change.

Therefore urinalysis is also an important diagnostic tool which may be used to screen for and/or help diagnose conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney disorders, liver problems, diabetes, or other metabolic conditions.

Question 4.
Why does your doctor advise you to drink plenty of water?
Answer:
Drinking water helps

• Maintain the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body.
• When muscle cells don’t get enough water it results in muscle fatigue.
• The functioning of kidneys also requires a lot of water.
• Staying hydrated is necessary for good health.

Question 5.
Can you guess why there are sweat glands on the palm of our hands and the soles of our feet?
Answer:
Sweating is important for thermal regulation. Sweat works as a defense against microbes to which our hands and feet are mostly exposed than the other parts of our body.

X. Match the parts of the given figure with the correct option:

Answer:

Intext Activities

ACTIVITY – 1

Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow :

1. Are the teeth of animals similar to ours?
2. How is the shape of their teeth related to their food habit?
Answer:
There are many differences between human teeth and animal teeth.

• Humans have at most 32 teeth, but many animals have more than we do.
• Humans use them for breaking down food but animals need these teeth for breaking down of food and also for survival such as hunting, attacking, and defending themselves.

Lion Teeth: They are
Carnivore Teeth: Teeth are very sharp and scissor-like. Their front teeth are used to bite and hold onto prey while their long canine teeth are used for tearing flesh and meat. Their molars are also sharp – and used for slicing rather than chewing because they mainly swallow their food in whole chunks.

Bison or buffalo teeth: They are
Herbivore teeth: An herbivore is an animal that gets energy from eating plants. Herbivores have more molars than we do. They use these flat teeth for grinding branches, grasses, and seeds. Since their food doesn’t try to escape, they use their front teeth like pruning shears to clip leaves and stems.

9th Science Guide Organ Systems in Animals Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answers :

Question 1.
In the dental formula \(\frac{2,1,2}{2,1,2}\) 3 refers to ……………………
(a) incisors
(b) molars
(c) premolars
(d) canine
Answer:
(b) molars

Question 2.
Lysozyme is seen in …………………….
(a) gastric juice
(b) intestinal juice
(c) bile
(d) saliva
Answer:
(d) saliva

Question 3.
…………………… is the smallest gland.
(a) Pancreas
(b) Sublingual
(c) Parotid
(d) Submaxillary
Answer:
(b) Sublingual

Question 4.
Curdling of milk protein is done by ……………………
(a) pepsin
(b) rennin
(c) lipase
(d) maltase
Answer:
(b) rennin

Question 5.
……………………acts as birth canal.
(a) Fallopian tube
(b) Vagina
(c) Uterus
(d) Vasdeferens
Answer:
(b) Vagina

Question 6.
The act of bringing swallowed food back to the mouth
(a) egestion
(b) ingestion
(c) micturition
(d) regurgitation
Answer:
(d) regurgitation

Question 7.
Gastric glands do not secrete ……………………
(a) renin
(b) pepsin
(c) lipase
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) lipase

Question 8.
Excretion means …………………….
(a) taking in oxygen from the air and giving out carbon dioxide.
(b) disposal of harmful germs and worms from our body.
(c) distribution of digested food to the body tissues through blood.
(d) removal of nitrogenous wastes generated in the body.
Answer:
(d) removal of nitrogenous wastes generated in the body

Question 9.
Which is the major excretory product in human?
(a) H⁺ or K⁺
(b) Glucose
(c) Urea
(d) Creatinine
Answer:
(a) H⁺ or K⁺

Question 10.
Which is a pear-shaped muscular organ in females?
(a) Uterus
(b) Fallopian tubes
(c) Ovaries
(d) Vagina
Answer:
(a) Uterus

Question 11.
What is the other name of fallopian tubes?
(a) Ovaries
(b) Fimbriae
(c) Oviducts
(d) Ova
Answer:
(c) Oviducts

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. ……………… is the smallest cell in males.
Answer:
Sperm

2. Progesterone is secreted by………………
Answer:
corpus luteum

3. The oviducts are also known as ………………
Answer:
fallopian tubes

4. One mature ovum is released once in every……………… days.
Answer:
28

5. Beta cells of pancreas produce ………………
Answer:
insulin

6. Organs which are concerned with the formation, storage and elimination of urine constitute the ………………
Answer:
excretory system

7. In the process of urine formation, the maximum amount of water from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in the ………………
Answer:
proximal convoluted tubule

8. ……………… receives the sperms, acts as birth canal during childbirth.
Answer:
Vagina

9. The narrower lower part of the uterus is ………………
Answer:
cervix

10. ……………… carries sperms to the seminal vesicles.
Answer:
Vas deferens

11. ……………… is the smallest cell in the male body.
Answer:
Sperm

12. The process of formation of sperms is known as ………………
Answer:
spermatogenesis

13. ……………… is the vestigeal organ in human.
Answer:
Vermiform appendix

14. ……………… acts as a thermoregulatory organ.
Answer:
Sorotum

15. Tubular filtrate finally known as………………
Answer:
urine

III. Match the following:

Ovaries	Bean shape
Fallopian tubes	Almond shape
Uterus	Funnel – shape
Kidney	Peas -shape

Answer:

Ovaries	Bean shape
Fallopian tubes	Almond shape
Uterus	Funnel – shape
Kidney	Peas -shape

IV. Answer the following in one or two sentences :

1. It conducts food from pharynx to stomach by peristalsis.
Answer:
Oesophagus.

2. Finger-like projections enhance the absorbing capacity of the small intestine.
Answer:
Villi.

3. The bunch of capillaries inside the Bowman’s capsule.
Answer:
Glomerulus.

4. Thin muscular tubes which carry urine from kidney to urinary bladder.
Answer:
Ureter.

5. Small sac-like muscular structures that enclose testes.
Answer:
Scrotal sacs.

V. Very short answer questions :

Question 1.
Name the salivary glands.
Answer:
3 pairs of salivary glands are present in the mouth cavity.
They are Parotid glands, sublingual glands, and submaxillary or submandibular glands.

Question 2.
What is chyme?
Answer:
The action of the gastric juice SSid churning of food in the stomach converts the bolus into a semi-digested food called chyme.

Question 3.
What are villi?
Answer:
Ileum is the longest part of the small intestine. It contains minute finger-like projections called villi. They help in the absorption of food.

Question 4.
Name the bile salts.
Answer:
Sodium glycolate and sodium tauraglycolate.

Question 5.
Name the bile pigments.
Answer:
Bilirubin and Biliviridin

Question 6.
What is heparin?
Answer:
It is an anticoagulant produced by the liver.

Question 7.
What are Islets of Langerhans?
Answer:
The endocrine cells of the pancreas are known as Islets of Langerhans and they produced the hormones – insulin and glucagon.

Question 8.
What is succus entericus?
Answer:
The intestinal glands secrete intestinal juice called succus entericus which contains enzymes like maltase, lactase, sucrase, lipase etc.

Question 9.
What is a vermiform appendix?
Answer:
It is a finger-like structure originating from the blind end of the caecum, is the alimentary canal of man. It is a vestigial organ (functionless organ).

Question 10.
What is the contribution of Joseph E. Murray in Nephrology?
Answer:
He performed the first successful kidney transplant operation.

Question 11.
What is parturition?
Answer:
Childbirth is called parturition.

VI. Short answer questions :

Question 1.
What is an artificial kidney?
Answer:
Dialysis or artificial kidney :
(i) When kidneys lose their filtering efficiency, excessive amounts of fluid and toxic waste accumulate in the body. This condition is known as kidney (renal) failure.
For this, an artificial kidney is used to filter the blood of the patient. The patient is said to be put on dialysis and the process of purifying blood by an artificial kidney is called hemodialysis.
(ii) When renal failure cannot be treated by drug or dialysis, the patients are advised for kidney transplantation.

Question 2.
Draw the human excretory system and label the parts.
Answer:

Question 3.
What are the end products of digestion of starch, proteins and fats respectively?
Answer:
Starch – Glucose
Proteins – Amino acids
Fats – Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4.
What are the functions of the ovaries and uterus in the female reproductive system?
Answer:
Functions of ovaries :

• The ovaries are the female gonads, which produce ova or the female gametes.
• They also secrete the female sex hormones namely estrogen and progesterone.

Functions of the uterus :

• Uterus is a pear-shaped muscular, hollow structure present in the pelvic cavity.
• The development of foetus occurs inside the uterus.

Question 5.
Give reasons for the following
(a) Scrotum remains outside the body of human males.
(b) The wall of the stomach is not digested by its own enzyme.
Answer:
(a) The two testes lie in the respective scrotal sacs. The scrotum acts as a thermoregulatory organ and provides an optimum temperature for the formation of sperms. The sperms develop at a temperature of 1-3°C lower than the normal body temperature. Hence scrotum remains outside the body of human males.

(b) The wall of the stomach is protected by mucus. Hence the wall of the stomach is not digested by its own enzymes. Further the gastric enzyme pepsinogen is present only in inactive form and converted into active pepsin only when food enters the stomach.

Question 6.
What is homeostasis?
Answer:
The tendency of the body to seek and maintain a balance condition or equilibrium within its internal environment, even when faced with external challenges is called homeostasis.

Question 7.
Rearrange the jumbled sequence of the different parts of alimentary canal in proper sequence, (oesophagus, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, anus, mouth, rectum)
Answer:
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.

Question 8.
Select the substances given below that need to be excreted from the body, (urea, amino acids, carbon dioxide, uric acid, glucose)
Answer:
Urea and carbon dioxide

Question 9.
Rearrange the jumbled words and fill in the blanks in the following passage to make it a meaningful description.
The human urinary system consists of a pair of …….. ( nyedik), which form the urine; a pair of …….. (ertreu), which conduct the …….. (neuri) from kidneys to the …….. (naryuri drebdal) for storage of urine and a …….. (reuhrat) through which the urine is voided by bladder contractions.
Answer:
1. Kidney
2. Ureter
3. Urine
4. Urinary bladder
5. Urethra

VII. Long answer questions :

Question 1.
List the function of the liver.
Answer:

• Synthesizes foetal red blood cells.
• Produces fibrinogen and prothrombin, used for clotting of blood.
• Destroys red blood cells.
• Stores iron, copper, vitamins A, and D.
• Produces heparin (an anticoagulant).
• Excretes toxic and metallic poisons.
• Detoxifies substances including drugs and alcohol.

Question 2.
Draw a chart to show the various enzymes produced during digestion in our body and their action.
Answer:

Question 3.
Write a note on teeth of humans.
Answer:

• Teeth are hard structures meant for holding, cutting, grinding, and crushing the food.
• In human beings, two sets of teeth (Diphyodont) are developed in their lifetime. The first appearing set of 20 teeth called temporary or milk teeth are replaced by the second set of thirty-two permanent teeth, sixteen in each jaw. Each tooth has a root fitted in the gum (Theocodont).
• Permanent teeth are of four types (Heterodont), according to their structure and function namely incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.
• Dental formula represents the number of different types of teeth present in each half of a jaw (upper and lower jaw).
• The types of teeth are denoted as incisors (i), canine (c), premolars (pm) and molars (m). The dental formula is presented as:

For Milk teeth in each half of upper and lower jaw:
\(\frac{2,1,2}{2,1,2}\)= 10 x 2 = 20
For Permanent teeth in each half of upper and lower jaw:

\(\frac{2,1,2,3}{2,1,2,3}\) = 16 x 2 = 32
Types of teeth and their functions

Question 4.
Write a note on functions of liver in digestion.
Answer:

• It is the largest digestive gland of the body which is reddish-brown in colour.
• It is divided into two main lobes, right and left lobes. The right lobe is larger than the left lobe.
• On the undersurface of the liver, gall bladder is present. The liver cells secrete bile which is temporarily stored in the gall bladder.
• Bile is released into small intestine when food enters in it. It has bile salts (sodium glycolate and sodium tauraglycolate) and bile pigments (bilirubin and biliviridin).
• Bile ssfits help in the digestion of fats by bringing about their emulsification (conversion of large fat droplets into small ones).

Question 5.
Write a note on the skin.
Answer:

• Skin is the outermost covering of the body. It stretches all over the body in the form of a layer.
• It accounts for 15% of an adult’s human body weight. There are many structures and glands derived from the skin. It eliminates metabolic wastes through perspiration.
• The human body functions normally at a temperature of about 37 C.
• When it gets hot sweat glands to start secreting sweat, which contains water with small amounts of other chemicals like ammonia, urea, lactic acid and salts (mainly sodium chloride).
• The sweat passes through the pores in the skin and gets evaporated.

VIII. Higher Order Thinking Skills :

Question 1.
Reproductive organs are also considered endocrine glands.
Answer:
The testes apart from producing sperms also produce male sex hormones called testosterone. Similarly, the ovary apart from producing the ovum also produces the female sex hormone called oestrogen. Hence the gonads are also considered endocrine glands.

Question 2.
Skin is considered to be an excretory organ – Justify.
Answer:
Skin eliminates

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 21 Nutrition and Health Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 21 Nutrition and Health

9th Science Guide Nutrition and Health Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
The nutrient required in trace amounts to accomplish various body functions is ……………….
(a) carbohydrate
(b) protein
(c) vitamin
(d) fat
Answer:
(c) Vitamin

Question 2.
The physician who discovered that scurvy can be cured by ingestion of citrus fruits is ………………..
(a) James Lind
(b) Louis Pasteur
(c) Charles Darwin
(d) Isaac Newton
Answer:
(a) James Lind

Question 3.
The sprouting of onion and potatoes can be delayed by the process of ……………..
(a) freezing
(b) irradiation
(c) salting
(d) canning
Answer:
(b) Irradiation

Question 4.
Food and Adulteration Act was enforced by Government of India in the year …………..
(a) 1964
(b) 1954
(c) 1950
(d) 1963
Answer:
(b) 1954

Question 5.
An internal factor responsible for spoilage of food is …………………
(a) wax coating
(b) contaminated utensils
(c) moisture content in food
(d) synthetic preservatives
Answer:
(c) moisture content in food

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. Deficiency diseases can be prevented by taking ……………………… diet.
Answer:
balanced

2. The process of affecting the natural composition and the quality of food substance is
known as ………………………
Answer:
adulteration

3. Vitamin D is called as ……………………… vitamin as it can be synthesised by the body from the rays of sunlight.
Answer:
sunshine

4. Dehydration is based on the principle of removal of ………………………
Answer:
water

5. Food should not be purchased beyond the date of ………………………
Answer:
expiry

6. AGMARK is used to certify ……………………… and ……………………… products in India.
Answer:
agricultural, Livestock

III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement.

1. Iron is required for the proper functioning of thyroid gland.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Iodine is required for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland.

2. Vitamins are required in large quantities for normal functioning of the body.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Vitamins are required in minute quantities for normal functioning of the body.

3. Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin.
Answer:
True.

4. Lack of adequate fats in diet may result in low body weight.
Answer:
True.

5. ISI mark is mandatory to certify agricultural products.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: ISI mark is mandatory to certify Industrial products.

IV. Match the following :

Column A	Column B
1. Calcium	a. Muscular fatigue
2. Sodium	b. Anaemia
3. Potassium	c. Osteoporosis
4. Iron	d. Goitre
5. Iodine	e. Muscular cramps

Answer:
1-c, 2-e, 3 -a, 4-b

V. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers :

Vitamins	Rich source	Deficiency disease
Calciferol		Rickets
	Papaya	Night blindness
Ascorbic acid
	Whole grains	Beriberi

Answer:

Vitamins	Rich source	Deficiency disease
Calciferol	Liver, Dairy products, Fish	Rickets
Retinol	Papaya	Night blindness
Ascorbic acid	Leafy vegetables, Sprouts Citrus fruits	Scurvy
Thiamine	Whole grains	Beriberi

VI. Give abbreviations for the following food standards :

1. ISI ……………..
2. FPO ……………..
3. AGMARK ……………..
4. FCI ……………..
5. FSSAI ……………..

Answer:

1. Indian Standards Institution.
2. Fruit Process Order.
3. Agricultural Marking.
4. Food Corporation of India.
5. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India.

VII. Assertion and Reason:

Direction: In the following question, a statement of an Assertion is given and a corresponding Reason is given just below it. Of the statements given below, mark the correct answer is:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false
(d) If both Assertion and Reason is false

Question 1.
Assertion: Haemoglobin contains iron.
Reason: Iron deficiency leads to anemia.
Answer:
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 2.
Assertion: AGMARK is a quality control agency.
Reason: ISI is a symbol of quality.
Answer:
(d) Both Assertion and Reason is false

VIII. Give reasons for the following statements

a. Salt is added as a preservative in pickles …………………….
b. We should not eat food items beyond the expiry date …………………….
c. Deficiency of calcium in the diet leads to poor skeletal growth …………………….
Answer:
(a) Because it removes the moisture content in the food by osmosis.
(b) Because it will get spoilt and can cause diseases.
(c) Because calcium is a constituent of bones.

IX. Answer briefly:

Question 1.
Differentiate
a) Kwashiorkar from Marasmus
b) Macronutrients from Micronutrients
Answer:
(a)

Kwashiorkar	Marasmus
1. Children whose diet mainly consists of carbohydrates but lack in protein.	Children are affected when the diet is poor in carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
2. It affects children between 1-5 years of age	It usually affects the intacts below the age of one year.

(b)
Answer:

Macronutrients	Micronutrients
1. Nutrients required for the growth and development of the body in large quantities are called Macronutrients.	Nutrients required for the growth and development of the body in small quantities are called Micronutrients.
2. Eg: Calcium, Potassium and Sodium.	Eg: Iron and Iodine.

Question 2.
Why salt is used as a preservative in food?
Answer:

1. It removes the moisture content in the food.
2. Prevents the growth of bacteria.
3. Reduces the activity of microbial enzymes.

Question 3.
What is an adulterant?
Answer:
Adulteration is defined as “the addition or subtraction of any substance to or from food so that the natural composition and the quality of food substance is affected.” The adulterant is any material which is used for the purpose of adulteration.

Question 4.
Name any two naturally occurring toxic substances in food.
Answer:
Alkaloids and Aflatoxin.

Question 5.
What factors are required for the absorption of Vitamin D from the food by the body?
Answer:

1. Human skin can synthesize Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight (especially early morning).
2. When the sun rays fall on the skin dehydro cholesterol is converted into Vitamin D. Hence, Vitamin D is called “Sunshine vitamin”.

Question 6.
Write any one function of the following minerals
a) Calcium
b) Sodium
c) Iron
d) Iodine
Answer:

Minerals	Function
a. Calcium	1. Constituent of bones and enamel of teeth. 2. Controls muscle contraction.
b. Sodium	1. Maintains fluid balance. 2. Helps in neurotransmission.
c. Iron	1. Important component of hemoglobin.
d. Iodine	1. Necessary for the formation of thyroid hormone.

Question 7.
Explain any two methods of food preservation.
Answer:

• SMOKING: Food products like Meat and Fish are exposed to smoke. The drying action of the smoke tends to preserve the food.
• Use of Inert gas: Nitrogen gas is filled in air tight packets of Potato wafers and other products. It prevents the growth of fungus and insects in them.

Question 8.
What are the effects of consuming adulterated food?
Answer:
Consumption of these adulterated foods may lead to serious health issues like fever, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, allergy, neurological disorder, skin allergies, immune suppression, kidney and liver failure, colon cancer, and even birth defects.

X. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
How are vitamins useful to us? Tabulate the sources, deficiency diseases and symptoms of fat soluble vitamins.
Answer:

Question 2.
Explain the role of food control agencies in India.
Answer:
Food quality control agencies :
ISI, AGMARK, FPO, FCl and other health departments enforce minimum standards for the consumer products. FCI (Food Corporation of India) was set up in the year 1965 with the following objectives : ^

• Effective price support operations for safeguarding the interest of farmers.
• Distributing food grains throughout the country.
• Maintaining satisfactory levels of operational and buff er stock of food grains to ensure national security.
• Regulate the market price to provide food grains to consumers at reliable price.

Food control agency	Role
1. ISI (Indian Standards Institution) known as Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS)	Certifies industrial products like electrical appliances like switches, wiring cables, water heater, electric motor, kitchen appliances etc.
2. AGMARK (Agricultural Marking)	Certifies agricultural and livestock products li ke cereals, essential oils, pulses, honey, butter etc.
3. FPO (Fruit Process Order)	Certifies the fruit products like juice, jams, sauce, canned fruits and vegetables, pickles etc.,
4. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India.	Responsible for protecting and promoting the public health through regulation and supervision of food safety

XI. Higher Order Thinking Skills :

Question 1.
Look at the picture and answer the question that follows.

a) Name the process involved in the given picture.
b) Which diary food is preserved by this process?
c) What is the temperature required for the above process?
Answer:
(a) Pasteurization.
(b) Milk.
(c) 63°C for 30 minutes followed by sudden cooling.

Question 2.
The doctor advices an adolescent girl who is suffering from anaemia to include more leafy vegetables and dates in her diet; Why so?
Answer:
Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in adolescent girls. Insufficient iron can lead to anaemia. Leafy vegetables and dates are rich in iron and other minerals. So the doctor advises to include more of these in the diet.

Question 3.
Sanj ana wants to buy an aim bottle in a grocery shop. What are the things she should observe on the label before purchasing it?
Answer:
She must look for the following details on the label of the jam bottle.

• Date of manufacture and date of expiry. She must make sure that the contents of the bottle must be conserved before the date of expiry.
• She must look for the FPO certification to ensure that the product has been certified by the quality agency and is safe for consumption.

9th Science Guide Nutrition and Health Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the best answers:

Question 1.
The maximum amount of energy provided by carbohydrate is …………………….
(a) 3 kcal
(b) 4 kcal
(c) 5 kcal
(d) 9 kcal
Answer:
(b) 4 kcal

Question 2.
……………….. is a polysaccharide.
(a) Glucose
(b) Sucrose
(c) Fructose
(d) Cellulose
Answer:
(d) Cellulose

Question 3.
There are ………………. essential amino acids required by the human body through the diet.
(a) 8
(b) 5
(c) 9
(d) 12
Answer:
(c) 9

Question 4.
…………………… is a trace element required by our body.
(a) Magnesium
(b) Iron
(c) Phosphorous
(d) Sodium
Answer:
(b) Iron

Question 5.
Pellagra is a deficiency disease, choose the vitamin related to it.
(a) Pyridoxine
(b) Cyanacobalamine
(c) Niacin
(d) Riboflavin
Answer:
(c) Niacin

Question 6.
Seafood is a source of …………………
(a) calcium
(b) potassium
(c) iodine
(d)chlorine
Answer:
(c) iodine

Question 7.
World Health Day is celebrated on ……………….
(a) 8th April
(b) 7th April
(c) 5th April
(d) 4th April
Answer:
(b) 7th April

Question 8.
World Food Day is celebrated on ………………
(a) 15th October
(b) 18th October
(c) 16th October
(d) 20th October
Answer:
(c) 16th October

Question 9.
Calcium carbide is used to ………………….
(a) Given colour to fruits
(b) Preserve Jams/Jellies
(c) Ripen bananas
(d) Adulterant in poultry feed
Answer:
(c) Ripen bananas

Question 10.
…………….. is an intentionally added adulterant in milk.
(a) Citric acid
(b) Hydrogen peroxide
(c) Starch
(d) Sucrose
Answer:
(b) Hydrogen peroxide

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. …………….. is an example of a monosaccharide.
Answer:
glucose

2. The lipids can provide a maximum of …………… of energy.
Answer:
9 kcal/gram

3. The term vitamin was introduced by ………..
Answer:
Dr. Funk

4. Swollen and bleeding gums is a symptom of _______
Answer:
scurvy

5. Delayed blood clotting is a symptom of deficiency of vitamin ______ in the body.
Answer:
K

6. Give an example of a substance used to protect food grains in the olden days
Answer:
Dried neem leaves/Turmeric

7. Smoking is a method of food preservation used for ……………
Answer:
meat/fish

8. The gas ……………. is filled in airtight packets of potato wafers.
Answer:
nitrogen

9. …………….. is a natural preservative used to increase the shelf life of fruit juices/squash.
Answer:
Sugar/Honey

III. Mention whether the following statements are true or false. If false, give the correct statements :

1. Carnauba wax is coated on apples to increase the taste.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Carnauba wax is coated on apples to give a shiny appearance.

2. Coffee power adulterated with tamarind powder floats in water.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Coffee powder adulterated with tamarind powder will not float but it will settle down at the bottom of the container.

3. Chalk powder is an adulterant used in common salt.
Answer:
True.

4. Louis Pasteur developed vaccination against Rabies and Anthrax.
Answer:
True.

5. In a food pyramid, fat and oil are placed at the bottom.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: In a food pyramid, fat and oil are placed at the top of the pyramid

IV. Match the following :

1. Vacuum drying	a. Vegetables
2. Cold storage	b. Seeds
3. Deep freezing	c. Cheese powder
4. Canning	d. Meat

Answer:
1-c, 2 – a, 3-b, 4-d

V. Assertion and Reason :

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Bananas are kept at room temperature.
Reason (R): In a refrigeration-bananas ripen fast.
(a) A and R are incorrect.
(b) A is correct and R is the explanation for A.
(c) A is correct but R is not the correct explanation.
(d) A is correct and R is wrong.
Answer:
(d) A is correct and R is wrong

Question 2.
Assertion (A): Fruits and vegetables are placed at the bottom of a food pyramid.
Reason (R): They must be consumed in more quantities for good health.
(a) A and R are incorrect.
(b) A is correct and R is the explanation for A.
(c) A is correct and R is incorrect.
(d) A is incorrect R is correct.
Answer:
(b) A is correct and R is the explanation for A

VI. Analogy :

Question 1.
(a) Vitamin A : ……………
(b) …………… : Sterility in rats.
Answer:
(a) Nyctalopia
(b) Vitamin E

Question 2.
(a) …………… : Anaemia
(b) Iodine : …………….
Answer:
(a) Iron
(b) Goitre

Question 3.
(a) Jams : ……………
(b) …………… : oil.
Answer:
(a) Honey
(b) Pickles.

VII. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Name any two essential amino acids.
Answer:
Phenylalanine and lysine.

Question 2.
Name the major minerals required by the human body.
Answer:
Calcium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, and magnesium.

Question 3.
Give two examples of trace elements required by the body.
Answer:
Iron, chlorine.

Question 4.
Name the processes involved in metabolism.
Answer:
Anabolism and catabolism.

Question 5.
What is a balanced diet?
Answer:
A diet containing essential nutrients in the right proportion (balanced diet) is required for normal growth and development and to prevent malnutrition.

Question 6.
Give examples of synthetic food preservatives.
Answer:
Citric acid, vinegar.

Question 7.
How are adulterants classified?
Answer:

• Natural adulterants
• Incidental/unintentionally added adulterants.
• Intentionally added adulterants.

Question 8.
Name the adulterants used in
(a) Tea leaves
(b) Chilli powder.
Answer:
(a) Coal tar dye
(b) Brick powder

VIII. Short answer questions :

Question 1.
What is goiter?
Answer:
It is a swelling of the region below the neck due to the enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is caused due to iodine deficiency.

Question 2.
Why do we need to preserve food?
Answer:

• Increase the shelf life of food.
• Retain the colour, texture, flavour and nutritive value.
• Increase food supply.
• Decrease the wastage of food.

Question 3.
What is pasteurization?
Answer:

• Pasteurization is a process of heat treatment of liquid products. E.g for the preservation of milk and beverages.
• This process also involves boiling of milk to a temperature of 63 °C for about 30 minutes and suddenly cooling to destroy the microbes present in the milk.

Question 4.
Why do we store bananas at room temperature?
Answer:
If bananas are kept in the refrigerator, the enzyme responsible for ripening becomes inactive. The enzyme responsible for browning and cell damage becomes more active and the skin colour changes to dark brown.

Question 5.
Why is the oil used as a preservative for pickles?
Answer:
The addition of oil in pickles prevents the contact of air with food. Hence microorganisms cannot grow and spoil the food.

Question 6.
List the methods of food preservation.
Answer:

• Drinking
• Smoking
• Irradiation
• Cold storage
• Freezing
• Pasteurization
• Canning.

Question 7.
Why is sugar used to preserve fruits and fruit products?
Answer:
The hygroscopic nature of sugar/ honey helps in reducing the water content of food and also minimizing the process of oxidation in fruits.

Question 8.
Give a simple technique to detect adulteration in milk.
Answer:
Place a drop of milk on a slanting polished surface. Pure milk flows slowly leaving a trail behind while the milk adulterated with water will flow fast without leaving a trail. This is the single technique to detect adulteration in milk.

IX. Long answer questions:

Question 1.
Write a note on food preservatives.
Answer:
Food can be preserved by adding natural and synthetic preservatives.
A. Natural preservatives:
Some naturally available materials like salt, sugar, and oil are used as food preservatives.
1. Addition of salt: It is one of the oldest methods of preserving food. The addition of salt removes the moisture content in the food by the process of osmosis. This prevents the growth of bacteria and reduces the activity of microbial enzymes. Meat, fish, gooseberry, lemon, and raw mangoes are preserved by salting. Salt is also used as a preservative in pickles, canned foods, etc.

2. Addition of sugar: Sugar/Honey is added as a preservative to increase the shelf life of fruits and fruit products like jams, jellies, squash, etc. The hygroscopic nature of sugar/honey helps in reducing the water content of food and also minimizing the process of oxidation in fruits.

3. Addition of oil: The addition of oil in pickles prevents the contact of air with food. Hence microorganisms cannot grow and spoil the food.

B. Synthetic preservatives:
Synthetic food preservatives like sodium benzoate, citric acid, vinegar, sodium meta bisulphate, and potassium bisulphate are added to food products like sauces, jams, jellies, packed foods, and ready-to-eat foods. These preservatives delay microbial growth and keep the food safe for a long duration.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 16 Applied Chemistry Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 16 Applied Chemistry

9th Science Guide Applied Chemistry Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1
One Nanometre is
(a) 10⁷metre
(b) 10^-8 metre
(c) 10^-6 metre
(d) 10^-9metre
Answer:
(d) 10-9 metre
Hint: 1 nanometre is also called one billionth of a metre

Question 2.
The antibiotic Penicillin is obtained from……………….
(a) plant
(b) microorganism ,
(c) animal
(d) sunlight
Answer:
(b) microorganism

Question 3.
1% solution of Iodoform is used as
(a) antipyretic
(b) antimalarial
(c) antiseptic
(d) antacid
Answer:
(c) antiseptic

Question 4.
The cathode of an electrochemical reaction involves ………………….
(a) oxidation
(b) reduction
(c) neutralisation
(d) catenation
Answer:
(b) reduction
Hint : It involves gain of electrons

Question 5.
The age of a dead animal can be determined by using an isotope of …………………
(a) carbon
(b) iodine
(c) phosphorous
(d) oxygen
Answer:
(a) carbon
Hint : C₆¹⁴ isotope is used

Question 6.
Which of the following does not contain natural dyes?
(a) Potato
(b) Beetroot.
(c) Carrot
(d) Turmeric
Answer:
(a) Potato

Question 7.
This type of food protect us from deficiency diseases.
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Vitamins
(c) Proteins
(d) Fats
Answer:
(b) vitamins

Question 8.
Radiochemistry deals with
(a) oxidants
(b) batteries
(c) isotopes
(d) nanoparticles
Answer:
(e) isotopes

Question 9.
The groups responsible for the colour of an organic compound is called
(a) isotopes
(b) auxochrome
(e) chromogen
(d) chromophore
Answer:
(d) chromophore

Question 10.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are used as
(a) fertilizers ,
(b) pesticides
(c) food colourants
(d) preservatives
Answer:
b) pesticides

II. Fill In the blanks:

1. ………….. is an electrochemical cell which converts electrical energy into chemical change
(Reaction).
Answer:
Electrolytic cell

2. Painkiller drugs are called ………………..
Answer:
Analgesics

3. Indigo is a …………… dye.
Answer:
Vat

4. ……………and……………..are macronutrients required for plant growth.
Answer:
Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium

5. _____ is a chemical used in fingerprint analysis.
Answer:
Ninhydrin

III. Match the following:

Question1.

Column I	Column II
Antipyretics	Large surface area
Corrosion  prevention	Iodine – 131
Hyperthyroidism	Fever
Nanoparticle	Bodybuilding
Proteins	Electroplating

Answer:

Column I	Column II
Antipyretics	Fever
Corrosion  prevention	Electroplating
Hyperthyroidism	Iodine – 131
Nanoparticle	Large surface area
Proteins	Bodybuilding

IV. Answer briefly :

Question 1.
What is Radio Carbon Dating?
Answer:
Radiocarbon dating is a method by which the age of fossil wood or animal is determined using the C-14 isotope.

Question 2.
What are called Anaesthetics? How are they classified?
Answer:
The drugs which cause loss of sensation are called Anaesthetics.
Types of Anaesthetics

General anesthetics: They are the agents, which bring about loss of all modalities of sensation, particularly pain along with ‘reversible’ loss of consciousness.
Local anesthetics: They prevent the pain sensation in localised areas without affecting the degree of consciousness.

Question 3.
What is the need for chemical fertilizers in crop fields?
Answer:
The need for chemical fertilizers In crop fields is to supply essential micro and macronutrients required for crop growth.

Question 4.
What is Forensic chemistry related to?
Answer:
Forensic chemistry applies scientific principles, techniques, and methods to the investigation of crime.

V. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Explain the types of dyes based on their method of application.
Answer:
Dyes are classified in two ways, one, based on the method of application and others on their parent structure.
Based on the method of application:

• Acid dyes: These are acidic in nature and used for dyeing animal fibres and synthetic fibres. These can be used for protein fibre such as wool and silk. E.g. Picric acid, Naphthol yellow-s
• Basic dyes: These are basic dyes containing basic group (- NH₂,- NHR, – NR₂). They are used for dyeing animal fibres and plant fibres.
• Mordant dyes or Indirect dyes: These dyes have a poor affinity for cotton fabrics and hence do not dye directly. They require pretreatment of the fibre with a mordant. Mordant (latin: mordere = to bite) is a substance which can be fixed to the fibre and then can be combined with the dye to form an insoluble complex called lake. Aluminium, chromium, and iron salts are widely used as mordants. E.g. alizarin.
• Direct dyes: They have high affinity for cotton, rayon and other cellulose fibre. So they are applied directly as they fix firmly on the fabric. E.g. Congo red
• Vat dyes: It can be used only on cotton and, not on silk and wool. This dyeing is a continuous process and is carried out in a large vessel called vat. So it is called as vat dye. E.g. Indigo

Question 2.
Name various food additives and explain their functions.
Answer:

VI. Higher Order Thinking Skills :

Question 1.
Batteries that are used in mobile phone can be recharged. Likewise, can you recharge the batteries used in watches? justify your answer.
Answer:
The type of batteries used in watches is Primary cell. (Mercury-Oxide battery)
The type of batteries are used in mobile phone is Secondary cell. (Lithium -ion polymer battery)
The differences between primary and secondary cell are as follow:

Primary Cell	Secondary cell
1. The chemical reaction of primary cell is irreversible.	The chemical reaction is reversible.
2. Hence it can not be recharged.	Hence it can be recharged.

Question 2.
Sudha met with a fire accident. What kind of drug(s), she must take?
Answer:
Analgesics are to be administered to reduce the pain followed by antibiotics to prevent infection by microbes.

Question 3.
The soil pH of cropland is 5. What kind of fertilizers should be used in that land?
Answer:

• p^H of 5 indicates the soil is Acidic.
• So alkaline fertilizers should be used.
  (e.g.,) Potash fertilizers, Nitrogen fertilizers.

Intext Activities

ACTIVITY – 1

With the help of your teacher, construct the galvanic cell using lemon and potato. Identify their anode, cathode and electrolyte.
Aim: To construct a galvanic cell using lemon (or) potato
Materials required :

1. A large fresh juicy lemon,
2. Zinc coated nail,
3. Small copper coin,
4. LED light,
5. Connecting wires

Procedure :

1. Insert the copper coin into the lemon.
2. Push a zinc-coated nail into the other side of the lemon.
3. The copper coin and zinc-coated nail are connected to a low voltage LED bulb.
4. Now observe the results, (happenings).

Observation:

1. Copper coin acts as the cathode, zinc-coated nail acts as Anode. Lemon juice acts as an electrolyte.
2. We observe glow of LED light, which confirms the electricity to flow through the lemon.

Conclusion: Galvanic cell usifi^lpmon is constructed.

9th Science Guide Applied Chemistry Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Nanoparticles are unstable when they come in contact with ………………..
(a) air
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Oxygen
(d) all the above
Answer:
(c) Oxygen

Question 2.
Which is the incorrect statement in the following?
(a) The structure of nano material is in between an atom and bulk material.
(b) Nanomaterials exist in the corresponding bulk materials.
(c) Nanomaterials have the extremely large surface area to volume ratio.
(d) SEM is used analyse the surface properties of a nanoparticle with high resolution.
Answer:
(b) Nanomaterials exist in the corresponding bulk materials

Question 3.
Which anesthetic forms a toxic carbonyl chloride?
(a) Nitrous oxide
(b) Ether
(c) Chloroform
(d) Iodoform
Answer:
(c) Chloroform

Question 4.
Paracetamol is a …………….
(a) Analgesic
(b) Antiseptic
(c) Antimalarial
(d) Antipyretic
Answer:
(c) Antipyretic

Question 5.
The antiseptic used for cleansing the wounds is ………………..
(a) Phenol
(b) Iodoform
(C) Ether
(d) Hydrogen peroxide
Answer:
(d) Hydrogen peroxide

Question 6.
Antimalarial drug obtained from Cinchona bark is ……………………
(a) Quinine
(b) Morphine.
(e) Primaquine
(d) Pyrimethamine
Answer:
(a) Quinine

Question 7.
The drug that ¡s known as “Miracle drug” is ………………….
(a) Chloroquinine
(b) Penicillin
(C) Aspirin. .
(d) Paràcetamol
Answer:
(b) Penicillin

Question 8.
In Daniel cell, saturated solution of potassium chloride (KCl) acts as ……………..
(a) Anode
(b) Cathode
(c) Salt bridge
(d) Electrolyte
Answer:
(c) Salt bridge

Question 9.
The process of purifying metals by electrolysis ¡s known as ……………..
(a) Electroplating
(b) Electrorefining
(e) Electromanufacturing
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Electrorefining

Question 10.
Which one among the following statements is correct?
(a) Galvanic cell converts electrical energy into chemical energy.
(b) Reduction takes place at the anode.
(c) Oxidation reaction takes place at the cathode.
(d) None of these
Answer:
(d) None of these

Question 11.
Isotopes are atoms with different number of ………………………
(a) protons
(b) neutrons
(c) electrons
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) neutrons

Question 12.
The radioisotope used for location of blood clot and circulation disorders is …………………..
(a) Na – 24
(b) I – 131
(c) Fe – 59
(d) Co – 60
Answer:
(a) Na – 24

Question 13.
The dye that can only be used on cotton is …………………….
(a) Mordant dye
(b) Vat dye
(c) Direct dye
(d) Basic dye
Answer:
(b) Vat dye

Question 14.
Which one of the following is a flavour enhancer?
(a) Sodium nitrite
(b) Sodium benzoate
(c) Cyclamate
(d) Monosodium Glutamate
Answer:
(d) Monosodium Glutamate

Question 15.
The compound that gets redUced ¡n the alcohol test is ……………………
(a) Silver nitrate
(b) Sulphuric acid
(C) Water
(d) Potassium dichromate
Answer:
(d) Potassium dichromate

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Nanotechnology deals with materials which are smaller than …………………..
Answer:
100 nanometres

2. The metallic nanoparticles can be used as ………………….
Answer:
Very active catalysts

3. Nanoparticle substances are incorporated in fabrics to prevent …………………..
Answer:
the growth of bacteria

4. The word “drug” is derived from the French word “droque” which means a ………………..
Answer:
dry herb

5. …………… is the safest of the anesthetic drugs.
Answer:
Nitrus oxide

6. The Analgesics are also called as …………………
Answer:
Pain killer (or) Pain relievers

7. ………………. produce sleep and unconsciousness.
Answer:
Narcotics

8. Antiseptics are used internally to treat infections of the …………… and ……………..
Answer:
Intestine, Bladder

9. Malaria is a ……………… borne disease.
Answer:
vector

10. ………………. is used as an additive with other antimalarial drugs.
Answer:
Chloroquine

11. ……………. is extensively used for rheumatic fever, narrowing of the heart wall, bronchitis, and pneumonia.
Answer:
Penicillin

12. …………… is due to an imbalance in the acidity in the stomach.
Answer:
Burning sensation

13. The solution having ions is called ………………..
Answer:
Electrolyte

14. …………….. is the loss of electrons.
Answer:
Oxidation

15. The process of depositing a thin layer of one metal over another metal by the process of electrolysis is called …………………….
Answer:
Electroplating

16. When metals of a very high degree of purity are required,………………… is done.
Answer:
Electrorefining

17. The isotope used in Radiocarbon dating is …………………..
Answer:
C-14

18. The chromophore and auxochrome theory was proposed by ……………………
Answer:
Otto Witt

19. ……………… is one of the main criteria to be considered for the selection of crop (or) remediation of soil.
Answer:
Soil p^H

20. Vitamin C is also powerful ……………….. that prevents food from oxidising.
Answer:
Antioxidant

21. ……………. is one of the most important evidence in crime investigation.
Answer:
Fingerprint

III. Match the following:

Question 1.

Name of the Drug	Purpose	Example
1. Antipyretics	Kills the microorganism	Chloroform
2. Anaesthetics	Pain reliever	Novalgin
3. Antiseptics	Reduction of fever	paracetamol
4. Analgesics	Cure for malaria	Quinine
5. Antimalarial	Loss of sensation	Hydrogen peroxide

Answer:

Name of the Drug	purpose	Example
1. Antipyretics	Reduction of fever	paracetamol
2. Anaesthetics	Loss of sensation	Chloroform
3. Antiseptics	Kills the microorganism	Hydrogen peroxide
4. Analgesics	Pain reliever	Novalgin
5. Antimalarial	Cure for malaria	Quinine

Question 2.

Column I	Column II
Cathodic electrolyte	Potassium chlorate (KClO3)
Anodic electrolyte	Potassium chloride (KCl)
Salt bridge	sulphate CuSO4
Electro manufacturing	Zinc sulphate(ZnSO4)

Answer:

Column I	Column II
Cathodic electrolyte	Copper sulphate CuSO4
Anodic electrolyte	Zinc sulphate(ZnSO4)
Salt bridge	Potassium chloride (KCl)
Electro manufacturing	Potassium chlorate (KClO3)

Question 3.

Column I	Column II
Phosphorous-30	Cancer
Iodine-131	Pregnancy disorder
Cobalt-60	Hyperthyroidism
Iron-59	Blood disorder
Sodium-24	Circulation disorder

Answer:

Column I	Column II
Phosphorous-30	Blood disorder
Iodine-131	Hyperthyroidism
Cobalt-60	Cancer
Iron-59	Pregnancy disorder
Sodium-24	Circulation disorder

Question 4.

Column I	Column II
Indirect dyes	Congo red
Direct dyes	Alizarin
Vat dyes	Methylene blue
Basic dyes	Picric acid
Acid dyes	Indigo

Answer:

Column I	Column II
Indirect dyes	Alizarin
Direct dyes	Congo red
Vat dyes	Indigo
Basic dyes	Methylene blue
Acid dyes	Picric acid

IV. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement:

1. Nanoparticles are easy to synthesis, isolate, and apply.
Answer:
False,
Correct statement: Nanoparticles are difficult to synthesis, isolate, and apply.

2. When cancer occurs, cells are reproduced in a controlled manner.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: When cancer occurs, cells are reproduced in an uncontrolled manner.

3. General anaesthetics cause pain along with ‘reversible’ loss of consciousness
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: General anaesthetics relieve pain along with reversible loss of consciousness.

4. Malaria decreases body temperature.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Malaria increases the body temperature

5. High concentration of antibiotics is needed for Effective action.
Answer:
False. .
Correct statement: Low concentration of antibiotics is needed for effective action.

6. Antacids provide relief from burning sensation in the stomach.
Answer:
True,

7. In Daniel’s cell, Zinc metal acts as the cathode, and Copper metal acts as Anode.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: In Daniel’s cell, Zinc metal acts as Anode, and Copper metal acts as Cathode.

8. Radioisotopes can be easily detected and estimated quantitatively.
Answer:
True.

9. Dyes are aromatic compounds originated from plants and insects.
Answer:
True.

10. Dye should be fast to light.
Answer:
True.

11. Vinegar is used as an antioxidant.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Vinegar is used as a preservative.

12. Reduction of alcohol results in oxidation of dichromate to chromic ion.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Oxidation of alcohol results in a reduction of dichromate to chromic ion

V. Assertion and Reason type:

Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Nanoparticles interact with impurities.
Reason (R) : Nanoparticles are less reactive.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but the reason is false
Reason (R) : Nanoparticles are highly reactive.

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Antiseptic is a substance that prevents infections caused by disease-causing pathogens.
Reason (R) : Antiseptics either kill the microorganism or prevent their growth.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 3.
Assertion (A) : After eating fruits (or) vegetables, one may feel uncomfortable due to a burning sensation.
Reason (R) : Burning sensation is due to an imbalance in the acidity of the stomach.
Answer:
(d) Assertion is false but the reason is true
Assertion (A) : After eating oily and spicy foods, one may feel uncomfortable due to a burning sensation.

Question 4.
Assertion (A) : Metals like iron are electroplated with chromium.
Reason (R) : Electroplating is done to protect chromium from rusting.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false
Reason (R) : Electroplating is done to protect iron from rusting.

Question 5.
Assertion (A) : It is possible to detect alcohol drunken drivers.
Detection is done through the electrochemical redox reaction of alcohol.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 6.
Assertion (A) : Our retinal print can be forged.
Reason (R) : Our retinal print is unique.
Answer:
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true
Assertion ( A) : Our retinal print cannot be forged.

VI. Very short answer type :

Question 1.
What are the specific qualities of nanoparticles?
Answer:

• Larger surface area
• High surface energy.
• Spatial confinement
• Reduced imperfections.

Question 2.
List out the instruments used to analyse nanoparticles.
Answer:

• Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
• Tunneling Electron Microscope (TEM).
• Atomic Force Microscope (AFM).

Question 3.
What is antipyretics?
Answer:
Antipyretics are the compounds used to reduce fever, (i.e.) lowering the body temperature to normal.

Question 4.
How are antiseptics used?
Answer:
External use: To cleanse wounds.
Internal use: To treat infections of the intestine and bladder.

Question 5.
Mention the uses of Penicillin.
Answer:
Penicillin is used for

• Rheumatic fever,
• Narrowing of the heart wall.
• Bronchitis,
• Pneumonia.

Question 6.
What are the main sources of Antibiotics?
Answer:
Main sources of Antibiotics are

• Bacteria
• Fungi and
• Actinomycetes.

Question 7.
Name any five natural antibiotics.
Answer:

• Honey
• Garlic
• Ginger
• Neem
• Turmeric.

Question 8.
What is an Electrochemical cell?
Answer:
A device that makes use of a chemical change to produce electricity (or) electricity to produce chemical change is called an Electrochemical cell.

Question 9.
What is a Daniel cell?
Answer:
Daniel cell is a type of galvanic cell in which zinc metal acts as anode and copper metal as cathode.

Question 10.
What is radioactive decay?
Answer:

• The unstable isotopes of elements lose their energy in the form of radiation to become stable.
• This phenomenon is called radioactive decay.

Question 11.
What is Vermicompost?
Answer:
Vermicompost is one of the natural fertilizers produced from domestic wastes.

Question 12.
What is a balanced diet?
Answer:
A diet that contains all the three foods such as (i) Bodybuilding foods, (ii) Energy giving foods, and (iii) Protective foods in the right proportion are called a Balanced diet.

Question 13.
Mention the use of a Biometric system.
Answer:
The biometric system compares the body prints to the specimen data stored in the system to verify the identity of a person.

VII. Answer briefly :

Question 1.
What is called as Applied Chemistry?
Answer:
Application of chemical principles and theories to various fields in order to achieve specific results or to solve real-world problems is called applied chemistry.

Question 2.
Write short notes on nanochemistry.
Answer:

• Nanochemistry is a branch of nanoscience, that deals with the chemical applications of nanomaterials in nanotechnology.
• It involves the synthesis and manipulation of materials at the atomic and molecular level.

Question 3.
Mention medical applications of Nanorobotics.
Answer:

• Nanorobotics is used in medicine and space technology.
• It plays important role in Bio-medicine in the treatment of cancer.

Question 4.
Define Drug.
Answer:
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO),
Drug is a substance or product that is used or intended to be used to modify or explore physiological systems or pathological states for the benefits of the recipient.

Question 5.
What is an Analgesics? How is it useful?
Answer:

• Analgesics are compounds which relieve all sorts of pains without the loss of consciousness.
• It is useful to treat
  (a) Headaches
  (b) Myalgia and
  (c) arthralgia.

Question 6.
What is known is Antibiotics?
Answer:
Many microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and molds) produce certain chemicals which inhibit the growth (or) metabolism of some other disease-causing microorganism. Such chemical compounds are known as Antibiotics.

Question 7.
Write brief notes on processes involved in cell reactions.
Answer:
An electrochemical cell involves two reactions simultaneously.

• Oxidation : Oxidation is the loss of electrons, that takes place at the anode.
  Metal → Metal ion + electron(s)
• Reduction: Reduction is the gain of electrons, that takes place at the cathode.
  Metal ion + electron(s) → Metal.

Question 8.
How does a galvanic cell produce electricity?
Answer:

• At the anode, oxidation takes place which releases electrons.
• These electrons are attracted by the cathode.
• Thus electrons flowing from anode to cathode produce electricity.

Question 9.
Mention the applications of electroplating with an example.
Answer:
Applications of Electroplating :

• Electroplating is done to protect the metal from corrosion, (e.g) chrome -plating.
• Electroplating is done to beautify the surface of a metal, (e.g) Gold plating.
• Broken parts of machinery require electrodeposition of metal between broken parts.

Question 10.
List out the characteristics of Dye.
Answer:
Characteristics of Dye:

• Dye should have a suitable colour.
• Dye should be able to fix itself.
• Dye should be fast to light,
• Dye should be resistant to the action of water, dilute acids, and alkalies.

Question 11.
Define Pesticides.
Answer:
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO),
Pesticides are chemical compounds that are used to kill pests including insects, rodents, fungi, and unwanted plants (weeds).

Question 12.
How can Fingerprints be identified?
Answer:

• Fingerprints on smooth surfaces can be identified by the application of light or dark powder.
• Occult (hidden) Fingerprints are made visible by the use of Ninhydrin, which turns purple.
• Fingerprints can be made visible by high powered laser light.

Question 13.
How is alcohol consumption detected?
Answer:

• The person being tested blows through a tube, which bubbles the breath through a solution containing Sulphuric acid, Potassium dichromate, water and silver nitrate.
• Oxidation of alcohol results in the reduction of dichromate to chromatic ions with a change in color from orange to green.

Question 14.
What is Chemotherapy?
Answer:
Treatment of certain diseases by destroying the invading organism without damaging the cells of the host, by the use of certain organic compounds is known as chemotherapy. It is widely used for treating cancer.

VIII. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Draw the cell diagram of Daniel cell. Give its reactions.
Answer:

Question 2.
Daniel cell
Answer:

Question 3.
List the applications of Nanochemistry.
Answer:
Applications of Nanochemistry :

• The metallic nanoparticles can be used as very active catalysts.
• Chemical sensors form nanoparticles and nanowires enhance the sensitivity and sensor selectivity.
• Nanocoatings and nanocomposites are found useful in making a variety of products such as sports equipment, bicycles, and automobiles etc.
• Nanotechnology is being applied in the die production of synthetic skin and implant surgery.
• Nanomaterials that conduct electricity are being used in electronics as minute conductors to produce circuits for microchips.
• Nanomaterials are used in the preparation of cosmetics, deodorants, and sunscreen lotion. They are used to improve moisturizers, without making them too oily.
• Nanoparticle substances are incorporated in fabrics to prevent the growth of bacteria.

Question 4.
Mention the drawbacks of Nanomaterials in chemistry.
Answer:
Drawbacks of nanomaterials in chemistry :

• Nanoparticles are unstable when reacting with oxygen.
• Their exothermic combustion with oxygen can easily cause an explosion.
• Because nanoparticles are highly reactive, they inherently interact with impurities as well.
• Nanomaterials are usually considered biologically harmful and toxic.
• It is difficult to synthesis, isolate and apply them.
• There are no hard-and-fast safe disposal policies for nanomaterials.

Question 5.
Account the role of Radioactive isotopes in Diagnosis and treatment in the Medical field?
Answer:
Radioisotopes are very useful to diagnose and treat many diseases. . Some of them are given below:

Question 6.
Give a comparative account of various drugs with their application and examples.
Answer:

Question 7.
What are the applications of electrochemistry?
Answer:
Applications of electrochemistry :

• It has been used to discover important technical processes for the production and purification of non-ferrous metals, and for the electro- synthesis of organic compounds.
• Electrochemistry has been used to predict whether a particular reaction will occur or not.
• The detection of alcohol in drunken drivers is possible through the electrochemical redox reaction of ethanol.
• Production of metals like aluminum and titanium from their ores involves electrochemical reactions.
• Diabetes blood sugar meters measure the amount of glucose in the blood through its redox potential.
• Lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and fuel cells are based on electrochemical cells.
• A fuel cell is used to bring about the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy.

Question 8.
Explain very briefly about various fields of Applied Chemistry.
Answer:
Various Fields of Applied Chemistry:

• Nanochemistry: It is a branch of nanoscience that deals with the chemical applications of nanomaterials in nanotechnology.
• Nanometre = 1/1,000,000,000 metre.
• Pharmaceutical chemistry: It deals with the preparation of drugs and the study of the chemical composition, nature, behaviour, structure, and influence of the drug in an organism.
• Electrochemistry: It deals with the relation between electrical energy and chemical change.
• Radiochemistry: It is the study of the chemistry of radioactive and non-radioactive isotopes.
• Dye chemistry: It is the study of dyes.
• Agricultural chemistry: It deals application of chemical and biochemical knowledge to agricultural production, the processing of raw products into foods and beverages, and environmental monitoring and remediation.
• Food chemistry: It involves the analysis, processing, packaging, and utilization of materials.
• Forensic chemistry: It applies scientific principles, techniques, and methods to the investigation of crime.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 24 Environmental Science Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 24 Environmental Science

9th Science Guide Environmental Science Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
All the factors of biosphere which affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce are called as ………………
(a) biological factors
(b) abiotic factors
(c) biotic factors
(d) physical factors
Answer:
(c) biotic factors

Question 2.
The ice sheets from the north and south poles and the icecaps on the mountains, get converted into water vapour through the process of ………………..
(a) evaporation
(b) condensalion
(c) sublimation
(d) infiltration
Answer:
(c) sublimation

Question 3.
The atmospheric carbon dioxide enters into the plants through the process of ………………..
(a) photosynthesis
(b) assimilation
(c) respiration
(d) decomposition
Answer:
(a) photosynthesis

Question 4.
Increased amount of ……………….. in the atmosphere, results in greenhouse effect and global warming.
(a) carbon monoxide
(b) sulphur dioxide
(c) nitrogen dioxide
(d) carbon dioxide
Answer:
(d) carbon dioxide

II. Match the following:

Question 1.

Microorganism	Role played
Nitrosomonas	Nitrogen fixation
Azotobacter	Ammonification
Pseudomonas species	Nitrification
Putrefying bacteria	Denitrification

Answer:

Microorganism	Role played
Nitrosomonas	Nitrification
Azotobacter	Nitrogen fixation
Pseudomonas species	Denitrification
Putrefying bacteria	Ammonification

III. Say true or false. Correct the false statements :

1. Nitrogen is a greenhouse gas.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

2. Poorly developed root is an adaptation of mesophytes.
Answer:
False,
Correct statement: Poorly developed root is an adaptation of Hydrophtes.

3. Bats are the only mammals that can fly.
Answer:
True

4. Earthworms use the remarkable high frequency system called echoes.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Buts use the remarkable high frequency system called echoes.

5. Aestivation is an adaptation to overcome cold condition.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Aestivation is an adaptation to overcome condition.

IV. Give reason for the following.

Question 1.
Roots grow very deep and reach the layers where water is available. Which type of plants develop the above adaptation? Why?
Answer:
Xerophytes have well developed roots.
Reason: They grow in dry habitat where water is scarcely available.

Question 2.
Why steamlined bodies and presence of setae is considered as adaptations of earthworm?
Answer:

• Streamlined bodies of earthworm helps to live in narrow burrows underground and for easy penetration into the soil.
• Seine helps earthworm to move through the soil and provide anchor in the burrows.

Question 3.
Why is it impossible for all farmers to construct farm ponds it in their fields?
Answer:

• Farm ponds reduce water flow to other tanks and ponds situated in lower-lying areas.
• Ponds occupy a large portion of farmer’s lands.

V. Answer briefly:

Question 1.
What are the two factors of biosphere?
Answer:
The biosphere is the part of the earth where life exists. All resources of the biosphere can be grouped into two major categories namely:

1. Biotic or living factors which include plants, animals and all other living organisms.
2. Abiotic or non-living factors which include all factors like temperature, pressure, water, soil, air and sunlight which affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce.

Question 2.
How do human activities affect nitrogen cycle?
Answer:
Human activities,

• alters the biodiversity
• changes the food web structure
• destroys the general habitat.

Question 3.
What is adaptation?
Answer:
Any feature of an organism or its part that enables it to exist under conditions of its habitat is called adaptation.

Question 4.
What are the challenges faced by hydrophytes in their habitat?
Answer:
Challenges faced by hydrophtes:

• More water availability than needed.
• Damaging of water body by water current.
• Regular change of water level.
• Maintenance of buoyancy in water.

Question 5.
Why is it important to conserve water?
Answer:
Importance of water conservation:

• It creates a more efficient use of water resources.
• It ensures that we have enough usable water.
• It helps in decreasing water pollution.
• It helps in increasing energy saving.

Question 6.
List some of the ways in which you could save water in your home and school?
Answer:
We could save water by

• Using low flow taps.
• Using recycled water for lawns.
• Repairing the leaks in the taps.
• Recycling (or) reusing water wherever it is possible.

Question 7.
What are the uses of recycled water?
Answer:
Uses for recycled water:
Agriculture, Landscape, Public parks, Golf course irrigation, Cooling water for power plants and oil refineries, Toilet flushing, Dust control, and Construction activities.

Question 8.
What is IUCN? What is the vision of IUCN?
Answer:
IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
VISION: A just world that values and conserves nature.

VI. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
Describe the processes involved in the water cycle.
Answer:
Water cycle or hydrological cycle is the continuous movement of water on earth. In this process, water moves from one reservoir to another, from river to ocean or from ocean to the atmosphere by processes such as evaporation, sublimation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff and infiltration, during which water converts itself to various forms like liquid, solid and vapour.

• Evaporation: Water evaporates from the surface of the earth and water bodies such as the oceans, seas, lakes, ponds and rivers turn into water vapour.
• Sublimation: Ice sheets and ice caps from north and south poles, and icecaps on mountains get converted into water vapour directly, without converting into liquid.
• Transpiration: Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapour to atmosphere through small pores in leaves and stems.
• Condensation: At higher altitudes, the temperature is low. The water vapour present there condenses to form very tiny particles of water droplets. These particles come close together to form clouds and fog.
• Precipitation: Due to change in wind or temperature, clouds combine to make bigger droplets, and pour down as precipitation(rain). Precipitation includes drizzle, rain, snow and hail.
• Runoff: As the water pours down, it runs over the surface of earth. Runoff water combines to form channels, rivers, lakes and ends up into seas and oceans.
• Infiltration: Some of the precipitated water moves deep into the soil. Then it moves down and increases the groundwater level.
• Percolation: Some of the precipitated water flows through soil and porous or fractured rock. Infiltration and percolation are two related but different processes describing the movement of water through soil.

Question 2.
Explain carbon cycle with the help of a flow chart.
Answer:

Question 3.
List out the adapatations of xerophytes.
Answer:
The conditions that lead to adaptation of plants in a dry habitat are;

1. To absorb as much water as they can get from their surroundings.
2. To retain water in their organs for a very long time.
3. To reduce the transpiration rate.
4. To reduce the consumption of water.

Adaptations of xerophytes:

1. They have well-developed roots. Roots grow very deep and reach the layers where water is available as in Calotropis.
2. They store water in succulent water-storing parenchymatous tissues, e.g. Opuntia, Aloe vera.
3. They have small-sized leaves with a waxy coating, e.g. Acacia. In some plants, leaves are modified into spines, e.g. Opuntia.
4. Some of the xerophytes complete their life cycle within a very short period when sufficient moisture is available.

Question 4.
How does a bat adapt itself to its habitat?
Answer:
Adaptations of BAT:

• Mostly, bats live in caves, which provide protection during the day from most predators and maintain a stable temperature.
• Bats are active at night. This, is a useful adaptation for them, as flight requires a lot of energy during day.
• By Hibernation, bats reduce body temperature with lowered metabolic rate during winter.
• Bats let their internal temperature reduce during rest.
• Bats use echolocation (High frequency ultrasonic sound waves) to identify and locate the prey.

Question 5.
What is water recycling? Explain the conventional wastewater recycling treatment?
Answer:
Water Recycling: Water recycling is reusing treated wastewater for beneficial purposes
such as agricultural and land irrigation, industrial processes, etc.
Conventional wastewater recycling treatment : Conventional wastewater treatment consists of combination of physical, chemical and biological processes involving the following stages.

Intext Activities

ACTIVITY – 1

Create your own water cycle.

Take a small container and place it in the middle of the large bowl. Fill water in the large container and cover it with plastic wrap. Fasten the plastic wrap around the rim of the large container with the rubber band. Place a stone on the top of the plastic wrap. Keep this under sun for few hours. Record your observation.

Aim :
To understand utilisation and recycling of water.

Materials:
A large transparent bowl, plastic wrap, a stone, a smaller container and a rubber band. Procedure:

1. The small container is placed in the middle of the large bowl. Water is filled in the large container and it is covered with plastic wrap.
2. The plastic wrap is fastened around the rim of the large container with the rubber band.
3. The stone is placed on the top of the plastic wrap.
   This is placed under the sun for few hours.

Observation :

1. When we have a close look at the plastic wrap, water droplets would be formed in the surface of plastic wrap. Thus, can conclude there is condensation process.
2. The level of the water in bowl is reduced. It suggests that a part of water is evaporated.
3. After sometime, the droplets on the plastic wrap drip into the bowl which indicates the phenonmenon of Precipitation.

Conclusion :
In this activity, the processes such as condensation, evaporation and precipitation have been demonstrated.
[End of the activity]

9th Science Guide Environmental Science Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Which of the following is not an adaptation of hydrophytes?
(a) poorly developed root system
(b) reduced plant body
(c) water storing parenchymatous tissues
(d) finely divided submerged leaves
Answer:
(c) water storing parenchymatous tissues

Question 2.
In some xerophytes, leaves are modified into spines as an adaptation ……………..
(a) to reduce transpiration rate
(b) to store water
(c) to reduce consumption of water
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(d) all of the above

Question 3.
Identify the incorrect statement with respect to adaptations of earthworm.
(a) Earthworm has a steam lined body with no antennae or fins.
(b) Each segment of earthworm has setae.
(c) Many earthworms become inactive in a process called hibernation, during winter season.
(d) Earthworms remain in its burrow during day time, to avoid sunlight.
Answer:
(c) Many earthworms become inactive in a process called hibernation during, winter season

Question 4.
Which of the following is one of the strategies to conserve water?
(a) Water recycling %
(b) Using large overhead watSr tanks
(c) Increasing the number of bore wells
(d) Watering the plants using hose.
Answer:
(a) Water recycling

Question 5.
Specific constituents such as nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids and heavy metals found in the wastewaer are removed during …………….. treatment of water recycling process.
(a) primary
(b) secondary
(c) tertiary
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) tertiary

Question 6.
Free-living soil bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp. are responsible for the ……………..process in the nitrogen cycle.
(a) ammonification
(b) nitrogen fixation
(c) nitrification
(d) denitrification
Answer:
(d) denitrification

Question 7.
Environmental science provides holistic knowledge about ……………..
(a) Natural processes
(b) Effects of human interventions
(b) Solutions to environmental issues
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 8.
Which one the following is not an abiotic factor?
(a) water
(b) air
(c) soil
(d) None of these
Answer:
(d) None of these

Question 9.
The process of water cycle that related with the plants is called …………………
(a) Percolation
(b) Evaporation
(c) Transpiration
(d) Precipitation
Answer:
(c) Transpiration

Question 10.
Rain is due to the process of ………………..
(a) Condensation
(b) Precipitation
(b) Sublimation
(d) Run off
Answer:
(b) Precipitation

Question 11.
…………… is the primary nutrient, important for survival of all living organisms.
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Carbon
(c) Hydrogen
(d) Oxygen
Answer:
(a) Nitrogen

Question 12.
The bacteria present in the root nodules of leguminous plants is .
(a) Nitrobacter
(b) Rhizobium
(c) Pseudomonas sp
(d) Nitrosomonas
Answer:
(b) Rhizobium

Question 13.
In the Nitrification process, the ammonium compounds are oxidised to soluble……………………….
(a) Ammonia
(b) Urea
(c) Nitrites
(d) Nitrates
Answer:
(d) Nitrates

Question 14.
The atmospheric carbon dioxide enters into the plants through the process of
photosynthesis to form
(a) Proteins
(b) Carbohydrates
(c) Water
(d) Carbon monoxide
Answer:
(b) Carbohydrates

Question 15.
Carbon dioxide is also returned to atmosphere through ……………………..
(a) Decomposition of dead organic matter
(b) Burning fossil fuels
(c) Volcanic activities
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 16.
The plants that has air chambers is ……………..
(a) Wolffia
(b) Opuntia
(c) Eichhomia
(d) Acacia
Answer:
(c) Eichhornia

Question 17.
Which plant is called as “Cindrella of the plant kingdom”?
(a) Hydrilla
(b) Water hyacinth
(c) Calotropis
(d) Aloevera
Answer:
(b) Water hyacinth

Question 18.
Root caps is a characteristic adaptation of ………………….
(a) Xerophytes
(b) Hydrophytes
(c) Mesophytes
(d) All the above
Answer:
(c) Mesophytes

Question 19.
The presence of ………….. in leaves traps the moisture and lessens water loss inMesophytes.
(a) Waxy Cuticle
(b) stomata
(c) stalk
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Waxy Cuticle

Question 20.
…………………. supports and controls movements during flight of a bat.
(a) Forelimbs
(b) Hind limbs
(c) Tail
(d) Muscles
Answer:
(c) Tail

Question 21.
Find the incorrect statement
(a) Vermicompost is prepared by using earthworms
(b) Vermicompost decomposes the plant and animal waste
(c) Vermicompost is an inorganic compound
(d) Vermicompost contains water soluble nutrients.
Answer:
(c) Vermicompost is an inorganic compound

Question 22.
World Water Day is celebrated on …………………..
(a) 22nd February
(b) 22nd March
(c) 5th June
(d) 03rd December
Answer:
(b) 22nd March

Question 23.
Which one of the following is not an advantage of farm ponds?
(a) Reduce soil erosion
(b) Recharge ground water
(c) Reduce water flow to other parts
(d) Improve drainage
Answer:
(c) Reduce water flow to other parts

Question 24.
Biological oxidation is the method is used in ……………….
(a) Primary Treatment
(b) Secondary Treatment.
(c) Tertiary Treatment
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Secondary Treatment

Question 25.
The wastes removed in tertiary treatment are ………………
(a) Suspended solids
(b) Biodegradable organic matter
(c) Inorganic substances
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) Inorganic substances

Question 26.
India accounts for …………………% of all recorded species.
(a) 2-4%
(b) 5-6%
(c) 6-7%
(d) 7-8%
Answer:
(d) 7 – 8%

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. …………………is the study of patterns, processes in the natural world and their modifications
by human activities.
Answer:
Environmental Science

2. Biosphere is a …………………. and …………………and system.
Answer:
dynamic, stable

3. Cyclic flow of nutrients between non-living and living factors of the environment are termed as ……………. cycle.
Answer:
Biogeochemical

4. …………………is the reverse of vapourisation.
Answer:
Condensation

5. Atmosphere is a rich source of ………………….
Answer:
Nitrogen

6. The blue-green algae that take part in nitrogen fixation is also called ………………..
Answer:
Cyanobacteria

7. …………………….. animals convert plant proteins into animal proteins.
Answer:
Herbivorous

8. Carnivorous animals synthesize …………………….. from their food.
Answer:
Protein

9. Charcoal, diamond and graphite are …………………….. forms of carbon.
Answer:
Elemental

10. All living organisms are made up of carbon-containing molecules like …………………….. and ………………………
Answer:
Proteins, nucleic acids

11. Floating leaves have long …………………….. to enable the leaves move up and down in response to changes in water level.
Answer:
Leaf stalks

12. …………………….. is the plant in which leaves are modified into spines.
Answer:
Opuntia

13. The function of stomata in leaves of mesophytes is to prevent ………………………
Answer:
Transpiration

14. In bats, the excessive heat absorption dining the day is caused by ……………………..
Answer:
Patagium

15. In bats modified forelimbs serve as ……………..
Answer:
Wings

16. …………………….. of hind limbs in bat provides a tight grasp when the animals are suspended upside down.
Answer:
Tendons

17. Bats are …………………….. blooded animals
Answer:
warm

18. Earthworm belongs to Phylum . ……………………..
Answer:
Annelida

19. Moist skin in earthworm helps in …………………….. of blood.
Answer:
Oxygenation

20. The theme for World Water Qay 2018 is ………………………
Answer:
Nature for water

21. The microorganism used in file secondary treatment must be separated from treated wastewater by ……………………..
Answer:
Sedimentation

22. There are …………………….. globally identified biodiversity hotspots in India.
Answer:
Four

23. IUCN was founded on …………………….. at Gland, Switzerland.
Answer:
5th October 1948

III. Match the following :

Question 1.

Water cycle	Application of fertilizers
Nitrogen cycle	Sunlight
Carbon cycle	Deforestation
Abiotic factor	Volcanic activities

Answer:

Water cycle	Deforestation
Nitrogen cycle	Application of fertilizers
Carbon cycle	Volcanic activities
Abiotic factor	Sunlight

Question 2.

XeroLyïtes	Broad and thin leaves
Mesophytes	Reducedjplant body
Hydrophytes	Water hyacinth
Green manure	Small sized leaves

Answer:

XeroLyïtes	Small sized leaves
Mesophytes	Broad and thin leaves
Hydrophytes	Reducedjplant body
Green manure	Water hyacinth

Question 3.

Aestivation	Heat absorption
Echolocation	Fall in body temperature
Hibernation	Ultrasonic sounds
patagium	low metabolism

Answer:

Aestivation	low metabolism
Echolocation	Ultrasonic sounds
Hibernation	Fall in body temperature
patagium	Heat absorption

Question 4.

Secondary Treatment	Disinfection
Grey water	Floatation
Primary Treatment	Reusuable waste water
Tertiary Treatment	Sedimentation

Answer:

Secondary Treatment	Sedimentation
Grey water	Reusable waste water
Primary Treatment	Floatation
Tertiary Treatment	Disinfection

IV. Say true or false. Correct the false statements :

1. Sublimation is conversion of solid into liquid.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Sublimation is conversion of solid into Gas.

2. Nitrogen is an essential component of protein, DNA and chlorophyll.
Answer:
True.

3. Plant proteins are excreted in theTorm of urea, uric acid or ammonia.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement : Animal proteins are excreted in the form of urea, uric acid or ammonia %

4. During respiration, plants and animals release carbon into the atmosphere in the form of carbon monoxide.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement : During respiration, plants and animals release carbon into the atmosphere in the form of Carbon dioxide

5. Bats are not blind.
Answer:
True.

6. Earthworm come out of their burrow during summer season.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Earthworm come out of their burrow during rainy season.

7. Earthworm reacts positively to brighter light.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Earthworm reacts negatively to brighter light.

8. Clean and Fresh water is essential for every human activity.
Answer:
True.

9. Nicobar island is one of the biodiversity hotspots in India.
Answer:
True.

V. Assertion and Reason type questions :

Mark the correct choice as :
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Biosphere is a dynamic and stable system.
Reason (R) : There is a constant interaction between biotic and abiotic components in the biosphere.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Infiltration and Percolation are two related but different processes.
Reason (R) : They describe the movement of water through atmosphere.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false
Reason (R): They describe the movement of water through Soil.

Question 3.
Assertion (A) : Plants and animals can utilize atmospheric nitrogen.
Reason (R) : Atmosphere is a rich source of nitrogen.
Answer:
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true
Assertion (A) : Plants and animals cannot utilise atmospheric nitrogen.

Question 4.
Assertion (A) : By increasing the amount of carbon dioxide, earth becomes warmer.
Reason (R) : Carbon dioxide is a green house gas.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 5.
Assertion (A) : The moist skin in earthworm helps in oxygenation of blood.
Reason (R) : The slippery skin of earthworm is kept moist.
Answer:
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
Reason (R) : The slippery skin of earthworm is kept moist as it respires through the skin. Moist skin helps in oxygenation of blood.

VI. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Name three Biogeochemical cycles.
Answer:
Some of the important Biogeochemical cycles are :

1. Water cycle
2. Nitrogen cycle
3. Carbon cycle.

Question 2.
List the forms of Precipitation.
Answer:
Precipitation includes

• Drizzle
• Rain
• Snow
• Hail.

Question 3.
Mention the excretory forms of Animal proteins.
Answer:

• Urea
• Uric acid
• Ammonia

Question 4.
What are the effects of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Answer:

• Green house effect
• Global warming.

Question 5.
How are plants classified on the basis of water availability?
Answer:
On the Basis of water availability, plants have been classified as:

• Hydrophytes
• Xerophytes
• Mesophytes.

Question 6.
How are bats important to humans?
Answer:

• Bats reduce insect population.
• They help to pollinate plants.

Question 7.
What is the Ideal temperature range of earthworm?
Answer:
The Ideal temperatures range is 60-80°F.

VII. Answer briefly :

Question 1.
Define : Environmental Science.
Answer:
Environmental science is defined as the study of patterns, processes in the natural world and their modifications by human activities.

Question 2.
What is biogeochemical cycle?
Answer:
The cyclic flow of nutrients between non-living and living factors of the environment are termed as Biogeochemical cycles.

Question 3.
How are clouds and fogs formed?
Answer:

• At higher altitudes, the temperature is low. The water vapour present there condenses to form very tiny particles of water droplets.
• These particles come close together to form clouds and fog.

Question 4.
How is carbon dioxide returned to atmosphere? :
Answer:
Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere through

• decomposition of dead organic matter,
• burning fossil fuels
• volcanic activities.

Question 5.
Explain briefly the role of earth-worm in soil atmosphere, (or) soil health?
Answer:

• Earthworm facilitates aeration, water infiltration.
• It produces organic matter to increase crop growth.

Question 6.
What is worm castings? How is it useful?
Answer:

• The faecal wastes of earthworm are called worm castings.
• They are rich in nitrogenous content which adds fertility to the soil.

Question 7.
Point out the importance of water conservation.
Answer:

• Water conservation creates more efficient use of the water resources.
• It ensures enough usable water.
• It helps to decrease water pollution.
• It helps in increasing energy saving.

Question 8.
According to you, which process of water cycle is adversely affected by human activities?
Answer:
Transpiration by which plants release water vapour through small pores in leaves and stems.
Reason : Human activities such as Deforestation, urbanisation.

Question 9.
Identify the given plant. How does it adapt itself to its habitat?

Answer:
Hydrilla:

• Poorly developed Root.
• Narrow (or) finely divided submerged leaves.

Question 10.
What is grey water? %
Answer:
Grey water is reusable waste water from residential, commercial and industrial bathroom sinks, bath tub, shower drains and washing of clothes.

VIII. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Draw a neat flow chart of Nitrogen cycle. Briefly explain the various processes involved in nitrogen cycle.
Answer:

Process involved in nitrogen cycle are explained below :

1. Nitrogen Fixation:
Process : Conversion of atmospheric Nitrogen (inert) into reactive compounds.
Agents : Bacteria and Bluegreen algae (cyanobacteria), (microorganism), Rhizobium.
Occurrence : Root nodules of leguminous plants peas, beans, etc.

2. Nitrogen Assimilation:
Process : Plants absorb nitrate ions and made into organic matter like proteins and nucleic acids.
Agents : Plants, animals.

3. Ammonification :
Process: Decomposition of nitrogenous waste into ammonium compounds.
Micro organism : Putrefying Bacteria, and fungi.
End Products : Urea, Uric acid (or) Ammonia.

4. Nitrification
Process: Ammonium compounds are oxidised to soluble nitrates.
Bacteria : Nitrification is caused by nitrifying bacteria.

5. Denitrification:
Process: Reduction of nitrate ions of soil into gaseous nitrogen which enters into the atmosphere.
Bacteria : Pseudomonas sp.

Question 2.
Write the adaptations of mesophytes.
Answer:

• The roots of mesophytes are well developed with root caps.
• They have straight as well as branched stems.
• Broad and thin leaves with waxy cuticles.
• Waxy cuticles traps the moisture and lessens water loss.
• Leaves have stomata which close in extreme heat and wind to prevent transpiration.

Question 3.
Discuss the adaptations of earthworm with its applications.
Answer:
adaption : of Earthworm :
1. Stream-lined body:
Adaptation : Earthworm has cylindrical, elongated and segmented body.
Application : 1. To live in burrows, 2. Easy penetration into soil.

2. Skin: .
Adaptation : Mucus covers skin, 2. slippery moist skin.
Application : 1. It does not allow soil particle to stick on the skin.
2. Respiration through skin and oxygenation of blood.

3. Burrowing:
Adaptation : 1. Circular and longitudinal muscles in body.
2. Each segment of the lower surface of the body has number of bristles called setae.
Application: 1. Movement and subsoil burrowing.
2. To move through the soil and provide anchor in the burrows.

4. Aestivation
Adaptation : 1. During dry (or) hot condition, Earthworms moves deep into the soil and become inactive.
2. It secrets mucus and lowers metabolic rate.
Application: To reduce water loss.

5. Nocturnality:
Adaptation : Earthworm sense light through light-sensitive cells in the skin.
Remains in burrow during day.
Application : To detect light and changes in light intensity.

Question 4.
Describe layout of a Farm pond.
Answer:
1. Farm pond is a dugout structure with definite shape and size.
2. They have proper inlet and outlet structures for collecting the surface run off flowing from the farm area.
3. The size and depth of the pond depend upon

• The amount of land available.
• The type of soil
• Water requirement of farmers
• The cost of excavation

4. The stored water is used forinigation.

Question 5.
What are all the strategies used to support water conservation?
Answer:
Water conservation strategies

• Rain water harvesting.
• Improved Irrigation techniques.
• Use of traditional water harvesting structures.
• Minimising domestic water consumption.
• Awareness on water conservation.
• Construction of farm ponds.
• Recycling of water.

Question 6.
List out any five advantages of Farm ponds.
Answer:
The advantages of farm ponds are-

• They provide water to growing crops, without waiting for rainfall.
• They reduce soil erosion.
• They recharge ground water.
• They improve drainage.
• The excavated soil can be used to enrich soil in fields and levelling lands.
• They promote fish rearing.
• They provide water for domestic purposes and livestock.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 23 Economic Biology Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 23 Economic Biology

9th Science Guide Economic Biology Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
The production and management of fish is called
(a) Pisciculture
(b) Sericulture
(c) Aquaculture
(d) Monoculture
Answer:
(a) Pisciculture

Question 2.
Which one of the following is not an exotic breed of cow?
(a) Jersey
(b) Holstein-Friesan
(c) Sahiwal
(d) Brown Swiss
Answer:
(c) Sahiwal

Question 3.
Which one of the following is an Italian species of honey bee?
(a) Apis mellifera
(b) Apis dorsata
(c) Apis florae
(d) Apis cerana
Answer:
(a) Apis mellifera

Question 4.
Which one of the following is not an Indian major carp?
(a) Rohu
(b) Catla
(c) Mrigal
(d) Singhara
Answer:
(d) Singhara

Question 5.
Drones in the honey bee colony are formed from
(a) unfertilized egg
(b) fertilized egg
(c) parthenogenesis
(d) both b and c
Answer:
(a) unfertilized egg

Question 6.
Which of the following is an high milk yielding variety of cow?
(a) Holstein-Friesan
(b) Dorset
(c) Sahiwal
(d) Red Sindhi
Answer:
(a) Holstein-Friesan

Question 7.
Which Indian variety of honeybee is commonly used for apiculture?
(a) Apis dorsata
(b) Apis florea
(c) Apis niellifera
(d) Apisindica
Answer:
(d) Apis indica

Question 8.
…………….. is the method of grafting plants without soil.
(a) Horticulture
(b) Hydroponics
(c) Pomology
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Hydroponics

Question 9.
The symbiotic association of fungi and vascular plants is
(a) Lichen
(b) Rhizobium
(c) Mycorrhizae
(d) Azotobacter
Answer:
(c) Mycorrhizae

Question 10.
The plant body of mushroom is
(a) Spawn
(b) Mycelium
(c) Leaf
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Mycelium

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. Quinine drug is obtained from …………………
Answer:
Cinchona (cinjona maram)

2. Carica papaya leaf can cure disease.
Answer:
Dengue

3. Vermicompost is a type of soil made by …………… and microorganisms.
Answer:
Earthworm

4. …………… refers to the culture of prawns, pearl and edible oysters.
Answer:
Aquaculture

5. The largest member in a honey bee hive is is the ……………
Answer:
Queen Bee

6. …………… is a preservative in honey.
Answer:
Formic acid

7. …………… is the method of culturing different variety of fish in a water body.
Answer:
Polyculture

III. Say true or false. If false, correct Hie statement:

1. Mycorrhiza is an algae.
Answer:
Correct statement: Mycorrhiza is a tumgi

2. Milch animals are used in agriculture and transport.
Answer:
False
Correct statement: Milch animals are used in milk production

3. Apis florea is a rock bee.
Answer:
False
Correct statement: Apis florea is a rock bee.

4. Ongole is an exotic breed of cattle.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Ongole is an Indian breed of cattle.

5. Sheep manure contains high nutrients than farm yard manure.
Answer:
True.

IV. Differentiate the following :

(a) Exotic breed and Indigenous breed.
Answer:

Exotic Breed	Indigenous Breed
The exotic breeds are imported from foreign countries.	Indigenous Breeds are native of India.
They include Jersey, Brown Swiss, Holstein – Friesian.	They include Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Deoni and Gir.

(b) Pollen and Nectar
Answer:

Pollen	Nectar
It is fine powder of microscopic particles from the male flower.	It is a‘sweet sdbstance, produced by plants to attract pollinators such as bee, butterfly.
Pollen is produced by anther, male reproductive organ.	Nectar is converted into Honey.

(c) Shrimp and Prawn
Answer:

Shrimp	Prawn
Marine inhibited prawns are called Shrimps, which breed in deep sea.	Prawn are crustaceans inhibited in fresh water, marine water, estuaries, etc

(d) Farmyard manure and Sheep manure
Answer:

Farmyard manure	Sheep manure
It is a mixture of cattle dung, urine, litter material, and other dairy wastes.	This is the manure of sheep or Goat
0.5% Nitrogen, 0.2% Phosphate, 0.5% potash.	3% Nitrogen, 1% phosphorus pentoxide 2% potassium oxide.
Less compared to sheep manure	High nutrients.

V. Match the following :

Column A	Column B
1. Lobsters	Marine fish
2. Catla	Pearl
3. Sea bass	Shell fish
4. Oysters	Paddy
5. Pokkali	Fin fish
6. Pleurotus sps	Psoriosis
7. Sarpagandha	Oyster mushroom
8. Olericulture	Reserpine
9. Wrighta tinctoria	Vegetable farming

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Lobsters	Shell fish
2. Catla	Fin fish Pearl
3. Sea bass	Marine fish
4. Oysters	Pearl
5. Pokkali	Paddy
6. Pleurotus sps	Oyster mushroom
7. Sarpagandha	Reserpine
8. Olericulture	Vegetable farming
9. Wrighta tinctoria	Psoriosis

VI. Answer briefly :

Question 1.
What are the secondary metabolites?
Answer:
Most medicines are obtained either directly or indirectly from plants. All the major system of medicines such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy (AYUSH) use drugs obtained from plants and animals. These drugs from medicinal plants are called secondary metabolites.

Question 2.
What are the types of vegetable gardens?
Answer:
Types of vegetable gardens are

1. Kitchen or Nutrition gardening
2. Commercial gardening
3. Vegetable forcing
4. Greenhouse (or) Poly House
5. Organic Vegetable Gardening.

Question 3.
Mention any two mushroom preservation methods.
Answer:
Drying and Vacuum Cooling are some methods used to preserve mushrooms.

Question 4.
Enumerate the advantages of vermicompost over chemical fertilizer.
Answer:

• Vermicompost is free from pathogens and toxic elements.
• It enhances the decomposition of organic matter in soil.
• It is rich in beneficial microflora.
• It contains valuable vitamins, enzymes and growth regulator substances.

Question 5.
What are the species of earthworm used for vermiculture?
Answer:
Among the vast community of earthworms, only very few species can be used for vermicompost production. They are Perionyx excavatus (Indian blue worm), Eisenia fetida (Red worms), Eudrilus eugeniae (African nightcrawler).

Question 6.
List the medicinal importance, of honey.
Answer:

• Honey has an antiseptic and antibacterial property.
• It is a blood purifier.
• It helps in building up hemoglobin content in the blood.
• It prevents cough, cold, fever, and relieves sore throat.
• It is a remedy for ulcers of the tongue, stomach, and intestine.
• It enhances digestion and appetite.

VII. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Enumerate the advantage of hydroponics.
Answer:
Hydroponics was demonstrated by a German Botanist Julius Von Sachs in 1980.
Advantages:

• Crops can be grown in places where the land is limited, doesn’t exist, or is heavily contaminated.
• The climate – temperature, humidity, light intensification, the composition of the air can be monitored.
• Conservation of water and nutrients.
• Controlled plant growth.
• No intrusion by weeds.
• Fewer pests & diseases
• Minimal use of insecticide or herbicides
• In deserts and Arctic regions hydroponics can be an effective alternative method.
• Hydroponics is successfully employed for the commercial production of seedless cucumber and tomato.

Question 2.
Define Mushroom culture. Explain the mushroom cultivation methods.
Answer:
Mushroom is a fungus belonging to basidiomycetes. It is rich in proteins, fibres, vitamins and minerals. Mushroom culture is the process of producing food, medicine, and other products by the cultivation of mushrooms.
Mushrooms can be cultivated either on paddy straw or on the wood log.
Major stages of mushroom cultivation are;

• Composting: Compost is prepared by mixing paddy straw with a number of organic materials like cow dung and inorganic fertilizers. It is kept at about 50°C for one week.
• Spawning: Spawn is the mushroom seed. It is prepared by growing fungal mycelium in grains under sterile conditions. Spawn is sown on the compost.
• Casing: Compost is covered with a thin layer of soil. It gives support to the growing mushroom, provides humidity, and helps regulate the temperature.
• Pinning: Mycelium starts to form a little bud, which will develop into mushrooms. Those little white buds are called pins.
• Harvesting: Mushroom grows better in 15°C – 23°C. They grow 3 cm in a week which is the normal size for harvesting. In the third week, the first flush mushroom can be harvested.

Question 3.
What are the sources of organic resources for vermicomposting?
Answer:
Biologically degradable organic wastes are used as potential organic resources for vermicomposting.
They are :

• Agricultural wastes (Crop residue, Vegetable waste, Sugarcane trash).
• Crop residues (rice straw, tea wastes, cereal and pulse residues, rice husk, tobacco wastes, coir wastes).
• Leaf litter.
• Fruit and vegetable wastes.
• Animal wastes (cattle dung, poultry droppings, pig slurry, goat and sheep droppings).
• Biogas slurry.

Question 4.
Give an account of different types of fish ponds used for rearing fishes.
Answer:
Types of ponds for fish culture
The fish farm requires different types of the pond for the various developmental stages of fish growth. They are:

1. Breeding pond: Healthy and sexually mature male and female fishes are collected and introduced in this pond for breeding. The eggs released by the female are fertilized by the sperm and fertilized eggs float in water as frothy mass.
2. Hatchling pits: The fertilized eggs are transferred to hatching pits for hatching. Two types of hatching pits are hatcheries and hatching hapas.
3. Nursery ponds: The hatchlings are transferred from hatching pits after 2 to 7 days. The hatchlings grow into fry and are cultured in these ponds for about 60 days with proper feeding till they reach 2 -2.5 cm in length.
4. Rearing ponds: Rearing ponds are used to culture the fry. The fish fry are transferred from nursery pond to rearing ponds and are maintained for about three months till they reach 10 to 15 cm in length. In these rearing ponds the fry develops into fingerlings.
5. Stocking pond: The stocking pond is also called a culture pond or production pond. These ponds are used to rear fingerlings upto the marketable size. Before releasing the fingerlings, the pond is manured with organic manure and inorganic fertilizers.

Question 5.
Classify the different breeds of the cattle with suitable examples.
Answer:

VIII. Higher Order Thinking Skills :

Question 1.
Biomanuring plays an important role in agriculture. Justify.
Answer:

• Biomanuring reduces soil pollution, water pollution and air pollution, etc.
• It protects soil health and promotes soil fertility.
• It provides healthy production of vegetables, fruits etc.
• It makes the soil fertile by adding nutrients like nitrogen.

Question 2.
Each bee hive consists of hexagonal cells. Name the material in which the cell is formed and mention the significance of the hexagonal cells.
Answer:

• The comb of the bees is formed mainly by the secretion of the wax glands present in the abdomen of the worker bee.
• A comb is a vertical sheet of wax with double layer of hexagonal / cells.
• Hexagonal cells serve as storage vessels for honey as well as homes to raise the young bees.

9th Science Guide Economic Biology Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Olericulture refers to the farming of ………………..
(a) Vegetable
(b) Flowers
(c) Fruits
(d) All of these
Answer:
a) Vegetable

Question 2.
India is the ………………..largest producer of vegetables next to China.
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer:
(b) Second

Question 3.
Tuber rose is cultivated from ………………..
(a) Madurai zone
(b) Hill area zone
(c) Coimbatore zone
(d) Hosurzone
Answer:
(c) Coimbatore zone

Question 4.
Green manure also helps in reclamation of ……………….. soils.
(a) Acidic
(b) Alkaline
(c) neutral
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Alkaline

Question 5.
Azolla having a cyanobacterial symbiotic association with ………………..
(a) Azotobacter
(b) Azospirillum
(c) Mycorrhizae
(d) Anabaena
Answer:
(d) Anabaena

Question 6.
Quinine is a best drug for treatment of ………………..
(a) Dengue
(b) Psoriasis
(c) Malaria
(d) Leukemia
Answer:
(c) Malaria

Question 7.
Nilavembu kashayam is givep to patients/people to protect from . ………………..
(a) Dengue
(b) Chikungunya
(c) Diabetes
(d) All of these
Ans :
(d) All of these

Question 8.
Reserpine is derived from ………………
(a) Cathyranthusroseus
(b) Rauwolfia serpentina
(c) Hemidesmus indicus
(d) Aloe vera
Answer:
(b) Rauwolfia serpentina

Question 9.
Casing is done on the mushroom to ………………..
(a) support the growth of mushroom
(b) provide humidity to mushroom
(c) regulate the temperature
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 10.
The growth medium of Aeroponics is
(a) Nutrients
(b) Water
(c) air
(d) soil
Answer:
(c) air

Question 11.
The Indigenous Draught breed from Thanjavur district is ………………..
(a) Pulikulam
(b) Bargur
(c) Ongole
(d) Umblachery
Answer:
(d) Umblachery

Question 12.
………………..are low in fibre and contain a high level of carbohydrates, protein, and other
nutrients.
(a) Silage
(b) Concentrates
(c) Roughage
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Concentrates

Question 13.
Operation Flood is the programme for ………………..development.
(a) Dairy
(b) Cattle
(c) Marine
(d) Agriculture
Answer:
(a) Dairy

Question 14.
Air-breathing fishes are cultured in ………. water.
(a) Brackish
(b) Fresh
(c) Marine
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Fresh

Question 15.
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) is situated at …………………
(a) Chennai
(b) Mumbai
(c) Cochin
(d) Vizag
Answer:
(c) Cochin

Question 16.
Culture of fishes along with Agricultural crops is known as ………………..
(a) Polyculture
(b) Extensive culture
(c) Integrated culture
(d) Intensive culture
Answer:
(c) Integrated culture

Question 17.
The longest marine water prawn is
(a) Penaeus Indicus
(b) Penaeus monodon
(c) Macro brachium rosenbergii
(d) Macro brachium malcoumsonii
Answer:
(b) Penaeus monodon

Question 18.
Earthworms are sacred – This statement was made by ………………..
(a) Aristotle
(b) Darwin
(c) Plato
(d) Cleopatra
Answer:
(d) Cleopatra

Question 19.
Vermicompost is similar to ……………….. in colour and appearance.
(a) sheep manure
(b) Farmyard manure
(c) Green manure
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Farmyard manure

Question 20.
………………..is an enzyme present in Honey
(a) Sucrose
(b) Dextrose
(c) Invertase
(d) Maltase
Answer:
(c) Invertase

Question 21.
Fastest growing sector in Agriculture is ………………..
(a) Vegetable forcing
(b) Hydroponics
(c) Greenhouse
(d) Aqua ponies
Answer:
(c) Greenhouse

Question 22.
Which of the following are Indian cattle?
(i) Bos indicus
(ii) Bos domesticus
(iii) Bos bubalis
(iv) Bos vulgaris
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer:
(b) (i) and (iii)

Question 23.
Which one of the following is referred as red worms?
(a) Eudrilus fetida
(b) Eudrilus eugieniae
(c) Eisenia fetida
(d) Lampito mauritii
Answer:
(c) Eisenia fetida

Question 24.
Mehsana is a breed of
(a) Cow
(b) Buffalo
(c) Goat
(d) Sheep
Answer:
(b) Buffalo

Question 25.
Binomial name of Nilavemubu is ………………..
(a) Leucas Aspera
(b) Andrographis paniculata
(c) Crotalaria juncea
(d) Cassia fistula
Answer:
(b) Andrographis paniculata

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ………….. is the most intensive type of vegetable growing.
Answer:
Vegetable forcing

2. India stands first in the world in the production of…………………… and …………………….
Answer:
Potato, Lady’s finger

3. Compost is a …………………… as well as a fertilizer, which is rich in nutrients.
Answer:
Soil conditioner

4. Earthworms eat …………………… and excrete it in a digested form.
Answer:
biomass

5. Green manure is obtained from undecomposed green material derived from …………………… plants.
Answer:
Leguminous

6. …………………… is a type of Bio-fertilizers that are capable of producing antifungal and antibacterial compounds.
Answer:
Azotobacter

7. Mycorrhizae increase the uptake of …………………….
Answer:
Phosphorous

8. …………………… is the study of chemical substances derived from plants .
Answer:
Phytochemistry

9. …………………… is used as an antidote for snake bite.
Answer:
Chivan Amalpodi (Sarpagandha)

10. Alkaloids, Terpenoids, flavonoids etc are called …………………… metabolites.
Answer:
Secondary

11. India’s first anti-diabetic ayurvedic drug is …………………….
Answer:
BGR-34

12. Mushroom is a fungi belonging to …………………….
Answer:
Basidiomycetes

13. Hydroponics was first demonstrated by German botanist …………………….
Answer:
Julius Von Sachs

14. Milk production in cattle depends upon the duration of ……………………
Answer:
Lactation

15. Jallikattu madu belongs to …………………… breed.
Answer:
Indigenous Draught

16. Young female calf is called as……………………
Answer:
Heifer

17. Dr.Verghese Kurien is the Father of …………………….
Answer:
White revolution

18. Panchagavya is an…………………… Fertilizer .
Answer:
organic liquid

19. The Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture (CIBA) was established in …………………….
Answer:
1987

20. India holds …………………… position in Marine fish production in the world.
Answer:
10th

21. The eggs released by the female fish are fertilized by the sperm and fertilized eggs float in water as …………………….
Answer:
frothy mass

22. Hatching period in Hatchling pits is …………………….
Answer:
2-7days

23. PUFA stands for ……………………
Answer:
Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid

24. ………………….. culture is the oldest and traditional method of prawn culture practiced in Kerala.
Answer:
Pokkali

25. The nutrient rich materials that are excreted by earthworms knows as …………………….
Answer:
worm castings

26. The …………………… cells contain honey and pollen.
Answer:
Storage

27. …………………… and…………………… give sweet taste to the honey.
Answer:
Dextrose, Sucrose

28. One kilogram of honey contains …………………… calories.
Answer:
3200

29. …………………… is widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Answer:
Bee wax

30. …………………… is a nodulating type of microorganism associating symbiotically with the root of legume plants.
Answer:
Rhizobium

31. …………………… is the maintenance of bee colonies in modem hives.
Answer:
Beekeeping

III. Match the following:

I.

(1) Homeopathy	a) Hippocrates
(2) Siddha	b) Patanjali
(3) Unani	c) Charaka Samhita
(4) Ayurveda	d) Agasthya
(5) Yoga	e) Samuel Hahnemann

Answer:
1-e, 2-d,3 -a,4-c,5-b

II.

(1) Rhizobium	a) Crop plants
(2) Azolla	b) Antifungal and antibacterial compounds
(3) Azotobacter	c) vascular plants
(4) Mycorrhizae	d) leguminous plants
(5) Azospirillum	e) Floating nitrogen factory

Answer:
1-d, 2-e, 3-b, 4-c, 5-a

III.

(1) Paddy straw Mushroom	a) Volvariella volvacea
(2) Lingzhi Mushroom	b) Agaricus bisporus
(3) Oyster Mushroom	c) Pieurotussps
(4) Button Mushroom	d) Ganoderma lucidum

Answer:
1-a, 2-d, 3-c, 4-b

IV.

(1) Bargur	a) Indigenous dairy breeds
(2) Tharparkar	b) Buffalo breeds
(3) Murrah	c) Indigenous Draft breeds
(4) Gir	d) Dual-purpose breeds

Answer:
1 – c, 2d, 3 – b, 4 – a

IV. Say true or false. If false, correct the statement:

1. Edible mushrooms are valuable source of supplementary lipids.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Edible mushrooms are valuable source of supplementary proteins.

2. The yield of greenhouse is very high compared to outdoor cultivation.
Answer:
True.

3. Rhizobium fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert them to nitrates.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Rhizobium fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert them to ammonia.

4. The roots in hydroponic plant absorb water and nutrients but do not perform the anchoring function.
Answer:
True.

5. Spawn is prepared by growing fungal mycelium in grains under fertile conditions.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Spawn is prepared by growing fungal mycelium in grains under sterile conditions.

6. Local breed animals show excellent resistance to diseases.
Answer:
True

7. Milk production of Buffaloes are less than that of cow.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Milk production of Buffaloes are more than that of cow.

8. The salinity of brackish water ranges from 30-35 ppt.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The salinity of brackish water ranges from 1-32 ppt.

9. Fish meal is used as a feed for cattle and poultry farming animals.
Answer:
True.

10. Earthworm feeds on inorganic wastes and excrete it in digested form known as castings.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Earthworm feeds organic wastes and excrete it in a digested form known as castings.

11. Medicinal plants contain compounds that can be used for therapeutic purposes.
Answer:
True.

12. Anthraquinones is obtained from Ocimum sanctum.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Anthraquinones is obtained from Aloevera.

13. Aquaponics is a technique of growing plants with their root supplied with moisture present in the air.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Aeroponics is a technique of growing plants with their root supplied with moisture present in the air.

V. Assertion and Reason :

(a) Direction: In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given and a corresponding statement of Reason is given just below it. Of statements, given below, mark the correct answer as
a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
b. If both Assertion and Reason are true that Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
c. If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d. If Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion : Apiculture, vermiculture are gaining more importance.
Reason : They have economical and commercial values.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 2.
Assertion : Foreign dairy breeds are preferred over local breeds.
Reason: The foreign breeds have shorter lactation periods.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false
Reason : The foreign breeds have longer lactation periods.

Question 3.
Assertion : Bullocks are good draft animals in draft breeds.
Reason : Cows are poor milk yielders in draft (or) Draught breeds.
Answer:
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true that Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 4.
Assertion : Porous soil permits both aeration and quick absorption of water.
Reason : The burrowing and soil feeding habits of earthworm make the soil
porous.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 5.
Assertion : Hydroponics can be defined as a soilless growing system in which plants grow in water.
Reason : If a plant is provided with water, minerals and required nutrients, it will grow well and yield more even in the absence of soil.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 6.
Assertion : Fish and other varieties of aquatic animals are used as food.
Reason : Fish and other varieties of sea food constitute good source of nutrition
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 7.
Assertion : The production of food from animal sources has increased greatly in the last few decades.
Reason : Operation flood and blue revolution production has increased in recent years.
Answer:
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion

Blue revolution is the concept of rapid increase in the production of fish and marine product.

VI. Define the following.

a. Pisciculture
Answer:
Pisciculture or Fish culture is the process of breeding and rearing of fishes in ponds, reservoirs (dams), lakes, rivers, and paddy fields.

b. Apiculture
Answer:
Apiculture is the rearing of honey bee for honey. It is called Beekeeping

c. Vermiculture
Answer:
Vermiculture involves the artificial rearing or cultivation of earthworms and using them for the production of compost from natural organic wastes.

d. Maricuiture (or) Marine water aquaculture
Answer:
The cultivation of aquatic organisms in seawater is referred as Mariculture (or) Sea farming.

e. Floriculture (or) Flower Farming
Answer:
Floriculture is the art of cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants in garden for beauty or floristry.

f. Compost
Answer:
Compost is a soil conditioner as well as a fertilizer, which is rich in nutrients.

g. Pomiculture
Answer:
Pomiculture is cultivation, development, entrancement of Fruits.

h. Pinning
Answer:
Pinning is the development of little white buds from mycelium.

VII. Very Short Answer questions :

Question 1.
Name the main classes of Horticulture.
Answer:
They are four main classes of Horticulture

1. Pomology (fruit farming),
2. Olericulture (vegetable farming),
3. Floriculture (flowers farming),
4. Landscape gardening.

Question 2.
What is Floriculture?
Answer:
Floriculture is the art of cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants in garden for beauty (or) floristry.

Question 3.
What is spawning?
Answer:
Spawn is the mushroom seed. It is prepared by growing fungal mycelium in grains under sterile conditions. Spawning is the sowing or planting of spawn on the compost.

Question 4.
What is Vermicompost?
Answer:
Vermicompost is a method of making compost with the use of earthworms, which ^ generally live in soil.

Question 5.
List the leguminous plants providing green manure.
Answer:

• Sunhemp (Crotolariajuncea)
• Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata)
• Sesbania (Sesbania speciosa)

Question 6.
Define: phytochemistry.
Answer:
Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals which are chemical substances derived from various parts of the plant.

Question 7.
Name any three edible mushrooms.
Answer:

1. Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
2. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sps),
3. Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea).

Question 8.
Mention the main problems of harvesting mushrooms.
Answer:

1. Discolouration
2. Weight and flavour loss.

Question 9.
Name any three methods to increase mushroom life.
Answer:

1. Freezing
2. Vacuum Cooling
3. Gamma radiation and storing at 15°C.

Question 10.
Write classification of cattle breeds.
Answer:
Cattle breeds are classified into three types:

1. Dairy breeds
2. Drought (or) Draft breeds
3. Dual-purpose breeds.

Question 11.
How is the Fish Meal prepared?
Answer:
Fish meal is prepared from the wastes of fish oil (or) from whole fish.

Question 12.
List the methods employed in Prawn Culture,
Answer:

1. Seed collection and hatchery method.
2. Paddy cum prawn culture method.

Question 13.
What is Bee wax?
Answer:
Bee wax is the natural by-product secreted by the wax glands of worker bee to construct the combs of a beehive.

Question 14.
Mention the aim of operation Flood.
Answer:
Operation Flood is based on dairy commodity aid to increase milk supply in urban y areas.

Question 15.
What does NDDB stand for?
Answer:
NDDB – National Dairy Development Board.

VIII. Short Answer questions :

Question 1.
How is compost prepared?
Answer:
Compost is produced by the decomposition of organic matter such as crop residues,
animal wastes, food wastes, industrial and municipal wastes by microorganisms under controlled conditions.

Question 2.
Mention the advantages of Green Manure.
Answer:

• Green Manure improves soil structure.
• It increases water holding capacity and decreases soil loss by erosion.
• It also helps in reclamation of alkaline soils and reduces weed proliferation.

Question 3.
Write short notes on Mushrooms;
Answer:

• Mushroom is a fungi belonging to basidiomycetes.
• It is rich in proteins, fibres, vitamins and minerals.
• Cultivation of Mushroom takes one to three months.

Question 4.
Explain briefly about Aquaponics.
Answer:

• Aquaponics is a system of a combination of conventional aquaculture with hydroponics in a symbiotic environment.
• Two main parts are (i) Aquaculture – for raising aquatic animals like fish (ii) hydroponics – for raising plants.

Question 5.
Write short notes on Intensive Cattle Development Programme.
Answer:

• Intensive Cattle Development Programme is based on cross-breeding of indigenous cows with exotic European breeds to increase milk production.
• New methods and modem equipments are made available for machine – milking of cows.

Question 6.
Differentiate Extensive and Intensive Fish culture.
Answer:
Extensive Fish culture

1. Culture of fishes in large areas.
2. Low stocking density
3. Natural feeding

Intensive Fish culture

1. Culture of fishes in small areas.
2. High stocking density
3. Artificial feeding

Question 7.
What is green manure? How is it beneficial?
Answer:
Green manure is obtained by collection and decomposition of green leaves, twigs of trees, shrubs, and herbs growing in wastelands, field bunds etc. Green manure improves soil structure, increases water-holding capacity, and decreases soil loss by erosion. It also helps in the reclamation of alkaline soils and reduces weed proliferation. It is manure obtained from undecomposed green material derived from leguminous plants e.g. Sunhemp, Dhaincha, etc.

Question 8.
Enumerate the nutritional values of prawns.
Answer:

• Prawns are a rich nutritive source of protein, vitamin A & D, Glycogen and Amino acids.
• They contain less amount of fat.
• Cultured prawns provide Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA).

Question 9.
List the important methods of vermicomposting.
Answer:

• Bin or Container method.
• Vermicomposting of organic wastes in field pits.
• Vermicomposting of organic wastes on ground heaps.

Question 10.
What do you know about AYUSH?
Answer:

• AYUSH is the ministry of Government of India for Indian (or) Alternative Medicine. ‘
• AYUSH refers to Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy.

Question 11.
Why do we call Haryana and Kankrej breed of cattle as dual-purpose breeds?
Answer:
Haryana, Kankraj breeds

• provide milk ,
• also useful for farm work.
  So, they are called Dual-purpose breeds.

Question 12.
How is the division of labour observed in honey bees?
Answer:
Division of labour by Honey bees :
Queen Bee: Responsible for laying eggs in a colony.
Drones: They fertilize the eggs, produced by Queen Bee.
Worker Bee :
Functions

• Collect Honey
• Look after the young ones
• Clean the comb
• Defend the hive
• Maintain the temperature of beehive.

Question 13.
What is the nutritional importance of fish liver oils? Name any two marine fishes which yield these oils.
Answer:
Nutritional Importance of Fish liver oil:

• Great medicinal value
• They are rich in Vitamin A, D, and E.

Two marine fishes: Shark, Tuna.

IX. Long Answer questions :

Question 1.
Compare types of Bio fertilisers with their functions.
Answer:

Question 2.
What are the types of honey bees found in a colony?
Answer:
There are three types of individuals in a colony namely the Queen bee, the drones and the worker bees.

1. Queen Bee: The queen is the largest member and the fertile female of the colony. They are formed from fertile eggs. The queen is responsible for laying eggs in a colony. The life span of the queen bee is 3-4 years.
2. Drones: They are fertile males. They develop from unfertilized eggs. They are larger than the workers and smaller than the queens. Their main function is to fertilize the eggs produced by the queen.
3. Worker Bees: They are sterile female bees and are the smallest members of the colony. Their function is to collect honey, look after the young ones, clean the comb, defend the hive and maintain the temperature of the beehive.

Question 3.
Discuss various types of Honey bees with their functions.
Answer:

Question 4.
Explain the structure of Honey Bee Comb.
Answer:
The comb of the bees is formed mainly by the secretion of the wax glands present in the abdomen of the worker bee.
Comb : It is a vertical sheet of wax with double layer of hexagonal cells.

Types of Cells:
(i) Storage cell:

• They are built in the margin and at the top of the comb.
• It contains honey and pollen.

(ii) Brood cells : They are built in the centre and the lower part of the comb. They
are dividecf into three cells such as

• Worker chamber
• Drone chamber
• Queen chamber

Where the larvae developing into worker, drone and queen aye reared.

Question 5.
How is honey formed?
Answer:

• The honey bees suck the nectar from various flowers.
• The nectar passes to the honey sac, where sucrose mixes with nectar.
• By enzymatic action, Nector along with sucrose is converted into Honey.
• Honey is stored in the special chambers of the hive.

Question 6.
Discuss the various nutrients present in Honey.
Answer:
Honey is a sweet viscous, edible natural food product. ‘

• Sweet taste : Dextrose and sucrose give sweet taste to the honey.
• Honey contains protein, free amino acids, vitamins like ascorbic acid etc.
• Acids such as citric acid, gluconic acid and formic acid are found in honey.
• Minerals such as calcium, Iron, Phosphorous and manganese are present.
• Invertase is the enzyme present in honey.

Question 7.
Give an account on medicinal plants.
Answer:

(1) Katralai (Aloe vera)
It is herbal leaves.
The drug derived from it, is Anthraquinones.
This is best treatment for skin problems and cancer. It heal wounds.

(2) Tulsi (Octimum sanctum)
It is an important herb.
Leaves have medicinal value.

Uses :

• Best medicine for cold and fever.
• It is also useful for cardiac diseases, gynecological disorder.
• Skin disorders and respiratory problems can also be treated.
  Sura’s o Science – 9th Std o Unit 23 o Economic Biology

(3) Nilavembu (Andrograhis paniculata)
It is a herbal plant with roots and leaves have medicinal values.
Uses :

• It is the best tonic for dengue fever.
• It is also used to treat diabetes and malaria.
• It is best remedy for ulcer, Influenza, Chikungunya etc.,

(4) Vepalai (Neem) – (Wrightia tinctoria)
It is a medicinal plant with eVtry part has medicinal values.
Uses:

• It has antipyretic, antibacterial and antitumour.
• It gives best immunity power.
• It is used to treat 4rin infections (or) diseases such as Psoriasis.
• It is also good for respiratory disorders, diarrhoea and Swellings.

(5) Pappali (Carica papaya)
Like neem, every part of papaya has medicinal benefits.
Uses:

• Best medicine for Dengue.
• It reduces risk of heart diseases, diabetes arid cancer.
• It lowers blood pressure and heals wounds.

Question 8.
What are biofertilisers? Give examples. Why are biofertilisers better than other fertilisers?
Answer:
Biofertilisers are substances that contain living microorganisms, when applied to plant promote growth by increasing primary nutrients to host plant.
Examples: (1) Rhizobium (2) Azospirillum (3) Azotobacter (4) Mycorrhizae (5) Azolla

Advantages of Biofertiser over chemical fertilisers :

• Biofertilizers are environmental friendly fertilizers.
• They enrich the nutrient quality of soil.
• They sustain soil health.
• They improve texture, structure and water-holding capacity of soil.
• No adverse effect on plant growth and soil fertility.

Question 9.
Write short notes on
a) Importance of greenhouses
b) Uzahavan mobile Application
c) Major floriculture zones
d) Azospirillum
Answer:
(a) Importance of Greenhouses

• Continuous production of disease-free plants.
• Very less water requirement and less pesticide usage.
• Very high yield and protection from uncertain weather.

(b) Uzhavan App:

• Launched by the Government of Tamilnadu.
• It provides information to farmers about subsidies, crop insurance, and stock of seeds and fertilizer.

(c) Major Floriculture zones :

• Hosurzone
• Chennai zone
• Madurai zone
• Trichy zone
• Coimbatore zone
• Kanyakumari zone
• Hill area zone

(d) Azospirillum :

•  It has the ability to use Atmospheric Nitrogen and transport to this nutrient crop plants
•  It increases grain productivity, (e.g.) cereals 5-20%, millets 30% and Fodders 50%.

Question 10.
Explain the feeding management of dairy cattle.
Answer:

1. Dairy cattle need balanced rations containing all nutrients in a proportional amount.
2. Food additives should contain minerals, vitamins, antibiotics and hormones to
   promote the growth of animals, good yield of milk, and protect from diseases.
3. The daily average feed ratio of milking cow is:
   • 15 – 25 kg of roughage (dry grass and green fodder)
   •  4 – 5 kg of green mixture.
   • 100- 150 litres of water.

X. Thinking Skills.

Question 1.
Arun and Akash were given fertilisers and earthworm compost both to be used in the fields. Akash preferred to use earthworm compost. Why did not select the fertilizers?
Answer:

• Inorganic fertilizers pollute the soil.
• Inorganic fertilizers contain chemicals that are toxic in nature and will result in health problems.

Question 2.
What is pasturage and how is it related to honey production?
Answer:

• Pasturage is land with herbaceous vegetation cover used for unregulated livestock ; as a part of farms in arid regions.
• Better pasturage provides better habitat for honey bee and honey production.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 15 Carbon and its Compounds Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 15 Carbon and its Compounds

9th Science Guide Carbon and its Compounds Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
A phenomenon in which an element exists in different modification in same physical state is called
(a) isomerism
(b) allotropy
(c) catenation
(d) crystallinity
Answer:
(b) allotropy

Question 2
Carbon forms large number of organic compounds due to
(a) Allotropy
(b) Isomerism
(c) Tetravalency
(d) Catenation
Answer:
(d) Catenation

Question 3.
Nandhini brings her lunch every day to school in a plastic container which has resin code number 5. The container is made of
(a) Polystyrene
(b) PVC
(c) Polypropylene
(d) LDPE
Answer:
(c) Polypropylene

Question 4.
Plastics made of Polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) . are made of resin code …………………
(a) 2
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7
Answer:
(a) 7

Question 5.
Graphene is one atom thick layer of carbon obtained from
(a) diamond
(b) fiillerene
(c) graphite
(d) gas carbon
Answer:
(c) graphite

Question 6.
The legal measures to prevent plastic pollution come under the Protection …………….. Act 1988.
(a) Forest
(b) Wildlife
(c) Environment
(d) Human rights
Answer:
(c) Environment

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. ………………. named carbon.
Answer:
Antoine Lavoisier

2. Buckminster Fullerene contains ………………… carbon atoms.
Answer:
60

3. Compounds with same molecular formula and different structural formula are known as ………………….. .
Answer:
Isomers

4. …………….. is a suitable solven for Sulphur.
Answer:
Allotropy

5. There are ……………. plastic resin codes.
Answer:
seven

III. Match the following :

Alkyne	Bucky Ball
Andre Geim	Oxidation
C60	Graphene
Thermocol	Triple bond
Combution	Polystyrene

Answer:

Alkyne	Triple bond
Andre Geim	Graphene
C60	Bucky Ball
Thermocol	Polystyrene
Combution	Oxidation

IV. Answer in briefly :

Question 1.
Differentiate graphite and diamond.
Answer:

Graphite	Diamond
Each carbon atom has three covalent bonds.	Each carbon atom has four covalent bonds.
Soft, slippery to touch and opaque	Hard, heavy and transparent
It has planar layers of hexagon units.	It has tetrahedral units linked in three dimension
It is conductor of heat and electricity.	It is non-conductor of heat and electricity

Question 2.
Write all possible isomers of C₄H₁₀
Answer:

Question 3.
Carbon forms only covalent compounds. Why?
Answer:
Carbon forms only covalent compounds because it has 4 electrons, in its.

Question 4.
Define Allotrophy.
Answer:
Allotrophy is a property by which are element can exist in more than one form that are physically different and chemically similar.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Chapter 15 Carbon and its Compounds 1

Question 5.
Why are one-time use and throwaway plastics harmful?
Answer:

1. Use and throwaway plastics cause short and long-term environmental damage.
2. Half of all the plastic made today is used for throwaway plastic items. These block drains and pollute water bodies.
3. One-time use plastic causes health problems for humans, plants and animals.
4. Some examples are plastic carry bags, cups, plates, straws, water pouches, cutlery and plastic sheets used for food wrapping.

V. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
What is catenation? How does carbon form catenated compounds?
Answer:
Catenation is binding of an element to itself or with other elements through covalent bonds to form open chain or closed chain compounds.

• Carbon is the most common element which undergoes catenation and long chain compounds.
• Carbon atom links repeatedly to itself through covalent bond to form linear branched chain (or) ring structure

• This property of carbon itself is the reason for the presence of large number of organic carbon compounds.
• So organic chemistry essentially deals with catenated carbon compounds.
• Example: Starch and cellulose contain chains of hundreds of carbon atoms.

Question 2.
What are the chemical reactions of carbon?
Answer:
Elemental carbon undergoes no reaction at room temperature.
Oxidation : Carbon combines with oxygen to form its oxides such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), with evolution of heat. Organic carbon compounds like hydrocarbon also undergo oxidation to form oxides and steam with evolution of heat and flame.

This reaction is also called ‘Combustion’.

Reaction with Steam : Carbon reacts with steam to form carbon monoxide hydrogen. This mixture is called water gas.
C_(S) + H₂O_(g) → CO_(g) + H_2(g)

Reaction with Sulphur: With sulphur, carbon forms its disuiphide at high temperature.
C_(S) + S_(g) → CS_2(g)

Reaction with Metals : At elevated temperatures, carbon reacts with some metals like iron, tungsten, titanium, etc., to form their carbides
W_(S)+C_(g) → WC_(S)

Question 3.
Name the three safer resin codes of plastics and describe their features.
Answer:

VI. Higher Order Thinking Skills:

Question 1.
Why do carbon exist mostly in combined state?
Answer:
Carbon is an element that can form many different compounds, as each carbon atom can form 4 chemical bonds with other atoms and because the carbon atom is just the right size to fit in comfortably as parts of very large molecules.

Question 2.
When a carbon fuel burns in less aerated room, it is dangerous to stay there. Why?
Answer:

• When a carbon fuel bums in less aerated room, the fuel may undergo incomplete combustion.
• It results in the formation of carbon monoxide.
• When exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) it enters human body, through breathing, affects the function of haemoglobin.
• Sometimes, it will lead to death.

Question 3.
Explain how dioxins are formed? Which plastic-type they are linked to and why they are harmful to humans?
Answer:
Dioxin formation:

• Dioxin compounds are not created intentionally but are formed inadvertently by a number of human and natural activities.
• These activities include combustion and incineration, forest fires, chlorine bleaching of pulp and paper, certain types of chemical manufacturing and processing, and other industrial processes.
• Cigarette smoke, some home-heating systems, and exhaust from vehicles using leaded and unleaded petrol as well as diesel fuels also produce small amounts of dioxins.
• Burning materials that may contain chlorine such as plastics, wood treated with pentachlorophenol (PCP), pesticide-treated wastes, other chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenols (PCB_s), and even bleached paper can produce dioxins.

Their link with plastic :

• Dioxins are linked with PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride plastics).
• The most dangerous emissions can be caused by burning PVC, as it releases dioxins.

Harmful effects of Dioxins to humans :

• Dioxins are the most toxic to human organisms.
• Dioxins can cause cancer, disrupt the endocrine system, alteration in pituitary and thyroid gland functions, immune suppression, neurobehavioral effects and cause reproductive and developmental effects.
• They are carcinogenic and a hormone disruptor and persistent, and they accumulate in our body-fat and thus mothers give it directly to their babies via the placenta.

Question 4.
Yugaa wants to buy a plastic water bottle. She goes to the shop and sees four different kinds of plastic bottles with resin codes 1, 3, 5, and 7. Which one should she buy? Why?
Answer:

• Yugaa should buy a plastic water bottle with Resin Code No.5, which is considered as one of the safer plastics. It is light and hard.

Reasons to avoid resin codes 1,3,7

• Bottle with Resin Code 1 is to be used only once. This plastic can release a chemical additive called antimony, which is not good for health.
• Bottle with Resin Code 3 is the most toxic plastic. It will have a smell of a new shoe. It should be avoided.
• Bottle with Resin Code 7 has the plastic types PC and ABS which are unsafe and toxic.

Intext Activities

ACTIVITY -1
With the help of your teacher, try to classify the following as organic and inorganic compounds.
HCN, CO₂, Propane, PVC, CO Kerosene, LPG, Coconut oil, Wood, Perfume, Alcohol, Na₂CO₃, CaCO₃. MgO, Cotton, Petrol.
Solution:

Inorganic	Organic
CO2	Propane
CO	Wood, kerosene, coconut oil
MgO	Parfume
HCN	Alcohol
Na2CO3	Cotton
PVC	Petrol
	LPG

[End of the activity]

ACTIVITY – 2

Take a football since it resembles Buckminsterfullerene. Count how many hexagonal and pentagonal panels are in it very comer is considered as one carbon. Compare your observation with fullerene and discuss with your friends.
Aim:
To compare the structure of fullerene with football.
Materials required:
Football

Procedure:

1. Take football.
2. Count the hexagonal and pentagonal rings shapes in football.

Observation:

Shapes	Fullerene (C60)	Football
Pentagon	12 Pentagonal rings	12 Black pentagons
Hexagon	20 Hexagonal rings	20 White hexagons
Structure	Closed cage-like structure	Polyhedron Structure

Conclusion :
The structure of football is compared with fullerene.

9th Science Guide Carbon and its Compounds Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Carbon is one of the most important ………………….element.
(a) Metallic
(b) Non-metallic
(c) Metalloid _
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Non-metallic

Question 2.
The most recently discovered allotrope of carbon is ……………….
(a) Graphite
(b) Fullerene
(c) Graphene ‘
(d) Gas carbon
Answer:
(c) Graphene

Question 3.
……………. is the first organic compound synthesized in the laboratory.
(a) Urea
(b) Acetic acid
(c) Methane
(d) Ethanol
Answer:
(a) Urea

Question 4.
The main component of water gas is …………….
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Calcium carbide
(d) Methane
Answer:
(b) Carbon monoxide

Question 5.
The ability of carbon to form …………… is the main reason for the formation of various classes of carbon compounds.
(a) Tetravalency
(b) Catenation
(c) Isomerism
(d) Multiple bonds
Answer:
(d) Multiple bonds

Question 6.
Arrangement of atoms in diamond is …………………
(a) Hexagonal
(b) Trigonal
(c) Tetrahedral
(d) Pentagonal
Answer:
(c) Tetrahedral

Question 7.
The amorphous allotropic carbon used for making electrodes in dry cell
(a) Coke
(b) Charcoal
(c) Lampblack
(d) Gas carbon
Answer:
(d) Gas carbon

Question 8.
Elemental carbon undergoes …………. reaction at room temperature.
(a) Oxidation
(b) Reduction
(c) Free radical
(d) no.
Answer:
(d) no

Question 9.
Amorphous forms of carbon and graphite are almost …………… in colour.
(a) Grey
(b) brownish
(c) black
(d) dirty white
Answer:
(c) black

Question 10.
Carbon monoxide displaces ………………. from hemoglobin.
(a) nitrogen
(b) oxygen
(c) hydrogen
(d) carbon dioxide
Answer:
(b) oxygen

Question 11.
Burning of PVC releases
(a) Dioxins
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Sulphur dioxide
(d) Chlorine
Answer:
(a) Dioxins

Question 12.
Which among the following plastics release antimony when we reuse.
(a) PVC
(b) HDPE
(c) PP
(d) PET
Answer:
(d) PET

Question 13.
According to the Octet rule, carbon requires ……………. electrons to attain the nearest noble gas.
(a) One
(b) two
(c) Three
(d) Four
Answer:
(d) Four

Question 14.
Most one-time use plates are made from ……………
(a) Polypropylene
(b) Polystyrene
(c) Polyethylene
(d) Polyvinylchloride
Answer:
(b) Polystyrene

Question 15.
Which among the following compound is soluble in water?
(a) Methane
(b) Ethylene
(c) Ethanol
(d) Phenol
Answer:
(c) Ethanol

Question 16.
The number of free electrons in each carbon of diamond is
(a) Zero
(b) One
(c) Two
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) zero

Question 17.
The carbon atoms in Graphene are arranged in
(a) Hexagon
(b) Pentagon
(c) octagon
(d) Tetragon
Answer:
(a) Hexagon

Question 18.
Resin Code” represents the type of …………….. used to make the plastic.
(a) Polymer
(b) Rubber
(c) monomer
(d) Polymerisation
Answer:
a) Polymer

Question 19.
Diamond is not a good conductor of electricity because
(a) it is very hard
(b) it has no free electron
(c) its structure is uniform
(d) it is insoluble in water
Answer:
(b) it has no free electron
Hint: Diamond contains no free electron and it behaves as an insulator

Question 20.
Which of the following is highly toxic?
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Calcium carbonate
(d) Sodium bicarbonate
Answer:
(b) Carbon monoxide
Hint: CO easily binds with Haemoglobin and then causes death

Question 21.
Which of the following plastic items are banned by the Government of Tamil Nadu as of 1st January 2019?
(a) Plastic sheets
(b) Plastic teacups
(c) Plastic water packet
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 22.
Graphite is used as a lubricant in machines because
(a) it is a good conductor of electricity
(b) it is made of slippery layers and  has a high melting point
(c) it has a high density
(d) it is strong and soft
Answer:
(b) it is made of slippery layers and has a high melting point

Question 23.
Plastic resin codes are shown as three chasing arrows in a ………………. with a number in the middle or letters (an acronym of that plastic type).
(a) Logo
(b) Recycling Symbol
(c) Square
(d) Triangle
Answer:
(d) Triangle

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. …………… is the main constituent of coal.
Answer:
Carbon

2. Carbon chemistry is also called as ……………..
Answer:
Living chemistry

3. Graphene has a thickness of just …………… atom.
Answer:
One

4. ……………. is the Father of Modem Organic Chemistry
Answer:
Friedrich Wohler

5. The inorganic carbon compound that takes past in photosynthesis is …………………….
Answer:
Carbon dioxide

6. The carbon cycle is the …………….. cycle.
Answer:
Biogeochemical

7. ……………….. structure accountable for hardness and rigidity of diamond.
Answer:
Three dimensional

8. Hexagonal layers in Graphite are held together by ……………………
Answer:
weak VanderWaals forces

9. Pet name for Buckminster Fullerene is ………………….
Answer:
Bucky ball

10. A large family of fullerene exists, starting at ………………… and reaching upto .
Answer:
C₂₀, C₅₄₀

11. Graphene is ………………. shaped hexagonal ring
Answer:
Honeycomb

12. Cigarette smoking is a source of ……………….
Answer:
Carbon Monoxide

13. Carbon monoxide enters into human body through …………………
Answer:
breathing

14. Do not use _______ for school projects.
Answer:
Thermocol

15. Polycarbonate (PC) plastic contains ……………..
Answer:
Bisphenol A

III. Match the following :
(I)

1. Graphite	a) Honeycomb
2. Fullerene	b) Tetrahedral
3. Graphene	c) Hexagonal
4. Diamond	d) Dome-shaped

Answer:
1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – b

(II)

Answer:
1-b,2-c,3-a,4-d

(III)

Answer:
1-c, 2 -a, 3-b, 4-c

IV. True or False :

1. About 18% of the weight of the human body is carbon.
Answer:
True.

2. There is more abundance of carbon in the earth
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: There is less abundance of carbon in the earth.

3. Carbon has the tendency to lose its four electrons with that of other atoms to complete its octet.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Carbon has the tendency to share its four electrons with that of other atoms to complete its octet

4. All the allotropic forms of carbon are solids.
Answer:
True.

5. Carbon’s amorphous forms have high melting and boiling poult compared to crystalline forms.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Carbon’s amorphous forms have low melting and boiling point compared to crystalline forms.

6. Used plate is easy to recycle.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Used plate difficult to recycle.

7. Do not eat hot food items in plastic containers.
Answer:
True.

V. Assertion and Reason type questions :

Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but the reason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : The number of carbon compounds alone is more than the number of compounds of all the elements taken together.
Reason (R) : Carbon has some unique properties such as
1) Catenation, 2) Tetravalency, 3) Multiple bonds, 4) Allotropy, 5) Isomerism.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : There are various classes of carbon compounds formed.
Reason (R) : The property of Isomerism is the main reason.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false
Reason : The ability to form multiple bonds is the main reason.

Question 3.
Assertion (A) : Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas of carbon.
Reason (R): smoking is a source of carbon monoxide.
Answer:
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation for assertion

Question 4.
Assertion (A): PVC is an unsafe plastic.
Reason (R)Burning PVC releases dioxins, a most toxic chemical.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

VI. Answer the following by rearranging the jumbled letters :

Question 1.
It is the hardest allotrope of carbon
mnodaid
Answer:
Diamond

Question 2.
Organic compounds having a double bond between carbon atoms are
knelaes
Answer:
Alkenes

Question 3.
Reaction of carbon with oxygen gives
osdiex
Answer:
Oxides

Question 4.
In this molecule, carbon is attached to four hydrõgen atoms.
emathen
Answer:
Methane

Question 5.
Carbon combines with other elements through the _______ bond.
lnaocvet
Answer:
Covalent

Question 6.
Plastics made of________ are represented by resin code #6.
sytlopynere
Answer:
Polystyrene

Question 7.
One-time use plastics are also known as ______ plastics.
áwyrhotwa
Answer:
throwaway

Question 8.
One-time use plastics cause ________ damage.
trnvomenialne
Answer:
Environmental

Question 9.
Expanded polystyrene is commercially known as
mthreolco
Answer:
Thermocol

VII. Very Short Answer questions :

Question 1.
How can graphite be transformed to diamond?
Answer:
Graphite could be transformed to the diamond at high temperature and high pressure.

Question 2.
How did the ancients obtain charcoal?
Answer:
Ancients manufactured charcoal by burning organic compounds.

Question 3.
Which theory was challenged by the synthetic preparation of Urea?
Answer:
Vital force theory.

Question 4.
Name two inorganic carbon compounds which are used as an antacid?
Answer:
Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)

Question 5.
What is tetravalency?
Answer:
Carbon has the tendency to share~its four electrons with other atoms to complete its octet. This is called Tetravalency.

Question 6.
Name the primary factor that determines the physical and chemical properties of compounds.
Answer:
Nature of bonding in a compound.

Question 7.
Why do elements show allotropy?
Answer:
It’s a method of formation or preparation.

Question 8.
Why is graphite softer than a diamond?
Answer:
The hexagonal layers in graphite are held together by weak Vander Waals forces of attraction.

Question 9.
What are Polymer resins?
Answer:
Plastics, made from long-chain organic compounds, are called “Polymer resins”.

Question 10.
List the three unsafe plastics.
Answer:

1. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
2. Polystyrene (Thermocol)
3. Polycarbonates (PC).

Question 11.
How many valence electrons are there in carbon?
Answer:
There are 4 valence electrons in carbon, out of 6 total electrons.

Question 12.
Who is called ‘Father of Modern Organic Chemistry’?
Answer:
Friedrich Wohler is called the ‘Father of Modern Organic Chemistry’.

Question 13.
Which three resin codes are unsafe?
Answer:
Resin Code Nos. 3, 6, and 7 unsafe.

VIII. Short Answer questions:

Question 1.
Prove that a diamond is a pure form of carbon?
Answer:

• When an equal weight of charcoal and diamond were burned, they produced the same amount of carbon dioxide.
• So like charcoal, diamond is also a pure form of carbon.

Question 2.
Write the classification of carbon compounds.
Answer:

1. Organic Carbon Compound	2. Inorganic Carbon Compounds
These are the compounds of carbon obtained from living organisms such as plants and animals. (e.g) Cellulose, Ethanol, Starch.	These are the compounds containing carbon but obtained from non-living matter. (e.g) Calcium carbonate, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide

Question 3.
Write short notes on the carbon cycle.
Answer:

1. The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle.
2. Carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth.
3. Carbon is the main component of biological compounds as well as a major component of many minerals such as limestone.

Question 4.
Define: (i) Allotropy (ii) Allotrope
Answer:
(i) Allotropy: It is a property by which an element can exist in more than one form that is physically different and chemically similar.
(ii) Allotrope: The different forms of an element.

Question 5.
Differentiate crystalline and amorphous forms of allotropes of carbon.
Answer:

Crystalline allotropes of carbon	Amorphous allotropes of carbon
1. Diamond	1. Charcoal
2. Graphite	2. Lampblack
3. Fullerene	3. Coke
4. Graphene	4. Gas Carbon

Question 6.
Why is carbon monoxide harmful to health? (or) What happens when we breath Carbon monoxide?
Answer:

• On exposition, carbon monoxide (CO) enters the human body through breathing.
• It affects the function of hemoglobin by displacing oxygen from hemoglobin.
• It will lead to death.

Question 7.
Why. do we remove plastics safely? How can it be done?
Answer:

• Plastics are non-biogradable.
• Plastics can be recycled (or) disposed safely without harming environment.

Question 8.
Mention two reasons for the harmful nature of plastics.
Answer:

1. Plastics contain chemicals that are harmful to our health.
2. Most of the plastics are one-time use (or) throwaway in nature and pollutes the environment.

Question 9.
Give some examples of one-time-use plastic.
Answer:

• Plastic carry bags,
• Cups,
• Plastic plates,
• Straws,
• Water pouches, 6. Plastic sheets.

Question 10.
What we can do to prevent plastic pollution?
Answer:

• Share scientific knowledge on plastics and their effects with our family, friends, and relatives.
• Create awareness to avoid harmful plastics by educating about the resin codes.
• Educate about the new rules to stop one-time use of plastics.

IX. Long Answer questions

Question 1.
Draw a timeline of carbon chemistry depicting the contribution by scientists.
Answer:

Year	Scientist	Contribution
1772	Antoine Lavoisier (France)	Diamond and charcoal are carbon allotropes
1779	Carl Scheele (Sweden)	Graphite is another form of carbon
1796	Smithson Tennant	Diamond is a pure carbon like charcoal.
1855	Benjamin Brodie (England)	Pure graphite from carbon, proving graphite is a form of carbon
1955	Francis Bundy (USA)	Transformed graphite into diamond.
1985	Robert Curl, Harry Kroto and Richard Smalley	Discovered a new form of carbon called fullerenes.
2004	KostyaNovoselov Andre Geim	Graphene – lightest carbon

Question 2.
Give an account of (I) Isomerism (II) Isomers with an illustration.
Answer:
(1) Isomerism: The Phenomenon in which an element has the same molecular formula may exhibit different structural arrangement is called Isomerism.
(II) Isomers: Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula are called isomers.
Illustration: Molecular formula: C₂H₆O, is having two kinds of the arrangement of atoms as shown below.

In the above illustration, the molecular formula C₂H₆O has two different structural formulae
(a) Alcohol (CH₃CH₂OH) [Oxygen at the end of Chain
(b) Ether (CH₃OCH₃) [Oxygen at the middle
Both structural formulae will show different physical and chemical properties.

Question 3.
Write the salient features of Graphene.
Answer:

• Graphene is the most recently produced allotrope of carbon.
• It is honey comb-shaped hexagonal rings repeatedly arranged in a plane.
• It is the thinnest compound known to man at one atom thick.
• It is the lightest material known and the strongest compound discovered.
• Layers of graphene are stacked to form graphite by Vander Waals forces.

Question 4.
Briefly note the harmful effects of any four plastics.
Answer:

Question 5.
How can you minimise plastic pollution by your daily practices?
Answer:

• Don’t litter the environment by throwing plastic items.
• Don’t burn plastics since it causes the evolution of highly toxic gases.
• Avoid one-time use (or) throw away plastics like plastic bags, teacups, carry bags, plastic plates, etc.
• Don’t eat hot (or) spicy food items in plastic containers. ‘
• Segregate the plastic wastes and hand this over to the municipal authorities so that it can be recycled.
• Know about the resin codes and avoid unsafe plastics.
• Don’t use thermocol for school projects.

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9th Science Guide Acids, Bases and Salts Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + ….↑ (H₂, O₂, CO₂)
Answer:
H₂

Question 2.
Apple contains malic acid. Orange contains …………………(citric acid, ascorbic acid).
Answer:
ascorbic acid

Question 3.
Acids in plants and animals are organic acids. Whereas Acids in rocks and minerals are …………………. (Inorganic acids, Weak acids).
Answer:
Inorganic acids

Question 4.
Acids turn blue litmus paper to …………….. (green, red, orange).
Answer:
Red

Question 5.
Since metal carbonate and metal bicarbonate are basic, they react with acids to give salt and water with the liberation of ……………….. (NO₂, SO₂, CO₂).
Answer:
CO₂

Question 6.
The hydrated salt of copper sulphate has …………….colour (red, white, blue).
Answer:
Blue

II. Answer in briefly :

Question 1.
Classify the various types of Acids based on their sources.
Answer:
The acids are classified based on their sources and organic and inorganic acids.
Organic acids – acids present in plants and animals.
Inorganic acids – acids prepared from rocks and minerals.

Question 2.
Write any four uses of acids.
Answer:

• Sulphuric acid is called King of Chemicals because it is used in the preparation of many other compounds. It is used in car batteries also.
• Hydrochloric acid is used as a cleansing agent in toilets.
• Citric acid is used in the preparation of effervescent salts and as a food preservative.
• Nitric acid is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, dyes, paints and drugs.
• Oxalic acid is used to clean iron and manganese deposits from quartz crystals. It is also used as bleach for wood and removing black stains.
• Carbonic acid is used in aerated drinks.
• Tartaric acid is a constituent of baking powder.

Question 3.
Give the significance of p^H of .soil in agriculture.
Answer:
In agriculture, the p^H of soil is very important. Citrus fruits require slightly alkaline soil, while rice requires acidic soil and sugarcane requires neutral soil.

Question 4.
What are the various uses of Aquaregia.
Answer:

• It is used chiefly to dissolve metals such as gold and platinum.
• It is used for cleaning and refining gold.

Question 5.
What are the uses of Plaster of Paris?
Answer:

• It is used for plastering bones.
• It is used for making casts for statues.

Question 6.
Two acids ‘A’ and ‘B’ are given. Acid A gives one hydrogen ion per molecule of the acid in solution. Acid B gives two hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid in solution.
(i) Find out acid A and acid B.
(ii) Which acid is called the King of Chemicals?
Answer:
(i) Acid A – HCl – Hydrochloric acid. Acid B – H₂SO₄ – Sulphuric acid.
(ii)Sulphuric acid – H₂SO₄.

Question 7.
Define aquaregia.
Answer:
It is the mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid prepared optimally in a molar ratio of 3 : 1.

Question 8.
Correct the mistakes :
(a) Washing soda is used for making cakes and bread soft, spongy.
(b) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate is used in textile industry.
Answer:
(a) Baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate – NaHCO₃) is used for making cakes and bread soft spongy, (or) Washing soda is used for softening hard water.
(b) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO₄, 1/2 H₂O)is used for plastering bones (or) Bleaching powder (Calcium oxy Chloride – CaOC₁₂) is used in textile industry.

Question 9.
What is neutralization reaction? Give an example.
Answer:
Neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water and H⁺ ion and OH^– ion combines to generate water. The neutralization of a strong acid and strong base has a p^Hequal 7.

III. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Differentiate hydrate and anhydrous salts with examples.
Answer:

Hydrated	Anhydrous
1. Hydrons is a term used to explain a substance that contains water as a constituent	Anhydrous is a term used to explain a substance that does not contain water as a constituent.
2. Composed of water molecules.	Not composed of water molecules.
3. These are known as hydrates.	Known as anhydrates
4. Hydroscopic compounds can form hydrous compounds by Absorption of water from the air.	Anhydrous compounds can absorb water from the air.
Ex : CuSO4 5H2O – Blue vitrol.	Ex: NaCl

Question 2.
Give the tests to identify Acids and Bases.
Answer:

• Acids turn blue litmus. Red bases turn red litmus blue.
• In acid phenolphthalein is colourless. In base Phenolphthalein is pink in colour.
• In acid methyl orange is pink. In bases methyl orange is yellow

Question 3.
Write any four uses of bases.
Answer:

• Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soap.
• Calcium hydroxide is used in the whitewashing of buildings.
• Magnesium hydroxide is used as a medicine for a stomach disorder.
• Ammonium hydroxide is used to remove grease stains from cloth.

Question 4.
Write any five uses of salts.
Answer:
Common Salt (NaCl) :
It is used in our daily food and used as a preservative
Washing Soda (Sodium Carbonate – Na₂CO₃) :

• It is used in softening hard water.
• It is used in glass, soap and paper industries.

Baking Soda (Sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO₃):

• It is used in making of baking powder which is a mixture of baking soda and tartaric acid.
• It is used in soda-acid fire extinguishers.
• Baking powder is used to make cakes and bread, soft and spongy.
• It neutralizes excess acid in the stomach and provides relief.

Bleaching powder (Calcium Oxychloride – CaOCl₂):

• It is used as a disinfectant.
• It is used in textile industry for bleaching cotton and linen.

Plaster of Paris (Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate – CaSO₄ .1/2 H₂O):

• It is used for plastering bones
• It is used for making casts for statues.

Question 5.
Sulphuric acid is called King of Chemicals. Why is it called so?
Answer:
Sulphuric acid is called King of Chemicals because it is used in the preparation of many other compounds

Intext Activities

ACTIVITY – 2

Take solutions of hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid. Fix two nails on a cork and place the cork in a 100 ml beaker.
Connect the nails to the two terminals of a 6 V battery through a bulb and a switch as shown in Figure. Now pour some dilute HCl in the beaker and switch on the current. Repeat the activity with dilute sulphuric acid, glucose and alcohol solutions. What do you observe now? Does the bulb glow in all cases?

Answer:

• The bulb glows when sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid are used.
• The bulb does not glow when the activity is done with alcohol and glucose solution.

ACTIVITY – 3

Collect the following samples from the science laboratory – Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide. Take 2 ml of each solution in a test tube and test with a litmus paper and indicators phenolphthalein and Methyl orange. Tabulate your observations.

Answer:

ACTIVITY-4

Answer:

ACTIVITY – 5
Boil about 100 ml of groundwater in a vessel to dryness. After all the water get evaporated observe the inner wall of the vessel. Can you observe any deposits? This is the deposit of dissolved salts present in water.
Answer:
This is the deposit of dissolved salts present in water.

9th Science Guide Acids, Bases and Salts Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Acid secreted in our stomach is ……………….
(a) hydrochloric acid
(b) sulphuric acid
(c) nitric acid
(d) carbonic acid
Answer:
(a) hydrochloric acid

Question 2.
Hydrochloric Acid reacts with metal bicarbonates to give ……………
(a) metal chloride
(b) water
(c) carbon di – oxide
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 3.
…………… & ………….. metals do not react with HCl or HNO₃.
(a) Gold & Magnesium
(b) Silver & Magnesium
(c) Gold & Silver
(d) Zinc & Silver
Answer:
(c) Gold & Silver

Question 4.
The molar ratio of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid in aquaregia is ………………..
(a) 1 : 3
(b) 6 : 3
(c) 2 : 3
(d) 3 : 1
Answer:
(d) 3 : 1

Question 5.
Bases ionise in water to form ……………………. ions.
(a) H⁺
(b) H₃O⁺
(c) OH^–
(d) O^2-
Answer:
(c) OH ^–

Question 6.
Which of the following pairs are weak base?
(a) NH₄OH & NaOH ‘
(b) Ca(OH)₂ & KOH
(c) NH₄OH & Ca(OH)₂
(d) NaOH&KOH
Answer:
(c) NH₄OH & Ca(OH)₂

Question 7.
NaOH & KOH are …………….
(a) strong bases
(b) metal Oxides
(c) weak bases
(d) diacidic bases
Answer:
(a) strong bases

Question 8.
Which of the following solution is soapy to touch?
(a) Acidic
(b) Basic
(c) Salt
(a(d) Aquaregia
Answer:
(b) Basic

Question 9.
Which of the following solutions do not conduct electricity?
(a) alcohol
(b) glucose
(c) sulphuric acid
(d) both a & b
Answer:
(d) both a & b

Question 10.
The p^H value of neutral solution is ………………
(a) = 7
(b) <7
(c) none of the above
(d) -7
Answer:
(a) = 7

Question 11.
The p^H of stomach fluid is ……………….
(a) 4
(b) 2
(c) 6
(d) 7
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 12.
A salt which is formed by complete neutralization of an acid and a base is called ………………. salt.
(a) basic
(b) acid
(c) double
(d) normal
Answer:
(d) normal

Question 13.
The number of water molecules present in one molecule of copper sulphate is
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(d) 5

Question 14.
The molecular formula of copper sulphate pentahydrate is ………………..
(a) CuSO₄. H₂O
(b) CuSO₄. 2H₂O
(c) CuSO₄. 5H₂O
(d) CuSO₄. 3H₂O
Answer:
(c) CuSO₄ . 5H₂O

Question 15.
……………is the gas produced when HCl is added with carbonate salt.
(a) H₂
(b) N₂
(C) CO₂
(d) O₂
Answer:
(c)CO₂

Question 16.
The formula of bleaching powder is ……………..
(a) CaCl₂
(b) CaOCl₂
(c) Ca(OH)₂
(d) CaO
Answer:
(b) CaOCl₂

Question 17.
The chemical name of plaster of paris is ……………………..
(a) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate
(b) Calcium sulphate monohydrate
(c) Calcium sulphate dihydrate
(d) Calcium sulphate trihydrate
Answer:
(a) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate

Question 18.
Which of the following metal does not react with sodium hydroxides?
(a) Cu
(b) Ag
(c) Cr
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 19.
Curd contains …………….acid.
(a) malic ‘
(b) formic
(c) lactic
(d) ascorbic
Answer:
(c) lactic

Question 20.
Which one of the following acids undergoes complete ionisation?.
(a) HCl
(b) CH₃COOH
(c) H₂SO₄
(d) all the above
Answer:
(a) HCl

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. Acid reacts with base to form a neutral product called ………………
Answer:
Salt

2. The taste of acid is ………………..
Answer:
Sour

3. …………….. contain one or more replaceable hydrogen atoms.
Answer:
Acids

4. ………………..acids have a relatively smaller amount of acids dissolved in a solvent.
Answer:
Dilute

5. Acids react with metallic oxides to produce ……………….
Answer:
salt and water

6. _________ acid is used in aerated drinks.
Answer:
Carbonic acid

7. Chemical formula of aquaregia is ________
Answer:
3HCl + HNO₃

8. Water soluble bases are called ________
Answer:
alkali

9. Non-metallic oxides are ___________ in nature.
Answer:
acid

10. __________ are bitter in taste.
Answer:
Bases

11. __________ alkali has a relatively high percentage of alkali in its aqueous solution.
Answer:
Concentrated

12. Acids turn blue litmus to ………….
Answer:
red

13. Phenolphthalein and methyl Orange are ………………
Answer:
indicators

14. p^H stands for …………….. in a solution.
Answer:
power of hydrogen ion concentration

15. The p^H value of acids are …………….. than 7.
Answer:
lesser

16. White enamel coating of our teeth is…………….
Answer:
Calcium phosphate

17. Salt is ………….. in nature.
Answer:
hygroscopic

18. Salt which is formed by the partial replacement of hydrogen ions of an acid by a metal is called ………………………..
Answer:
acid salt

19 Salts contaíning water of crystallisation are called …………. salts.
Answer:
hydrated

20. Salts that do not contain water of crystallisation is called …………..
Answer:
anhydrous salt

21. p^H value of human blood is ……………..(7.0, 7.4, 7.6).
Answer:
7.4

22. The nature of the toothpaste commonly used is ……………. in nature (acidic, basic, neutral)
Answer:
basic

23. You are given pure water to test the p^H value using p^H paper. It shows colour (White, black, green)
Answer:
green

III. To Match:

Question 1.

Source	Acid present
1) Apple	?
2) ?	Citric acid
3) ?	tartaric acid
4) Tomato	?
5) Vinegar	?

Answer:

Source	Acid present
1) Apple	Malic acid
2) Lemon	Citric acid
3) Grapes	tartaric acid
4) Tomato	Oxalic acid
5) Vinegar	Acetic acid

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

IV. Complete the following equations.

Question 1.
HCl + H₂O → ? + ?
Answer:
HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl^–

Question 2.
H⁺ + H₂O → ?
Answer:
H⁺ + H₂O → H₃O⁺

Question 3.
Mg+ ? → ? + H₂
Answer:
Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂↑

Question 4.
Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → ? + ? + CO₂↑
Answer: Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂↑

Question 5.
ZnO + 2HCl → ? + ?
Answer:
ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂O↑

Question 6.
Zn + ? → Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂ ↑
Answer:
Zn + 2NaOH → Na₂ZnO₂+ H₂↑

Question 7.
CaO + H₂SO₄ → ? + H₂O
Answer:
CaO + H₂SO₄ → CaSO₄ + H₂O

Question 8.
HCl + ? → NaCl + H₂O
Answer:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

Question 9.
Ca(OH)₂ + ? → ? + H₂O
Answer:
Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O

Question 10.

Answer:
A = NH₄Cl, B = NH₃↑
C = HCl
D = NaHSO₄,E = H₂O

V. Answer in briefly :

Question 1.
What are organic acids? Given examples.
Answer:
Acids present in plants and animals (living things) are organic acids.
Example: HCOOH, CH₃COOH

Question 2.
How are acids classified based on ionisation? Give examples.
Answer:
Acids get ionise in water (produce H⁺ ions) completely or partially. Based on the extent of ionisation, acids are classified as follows:
Strong Acids:
These are acids that ionise completely in water.
Example: HCl

Weak Acids :
These are acids that ionise partially in the water.
Example: CH₃COOH.

Question 3.
What is Aquaregia? Mention its uses.
Answer:
It is a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid prepared optimally in a molar ratio of 3:1. It is a yellow-orange fuming liquid. It is a highly corrosive liquid, able to attack gold and other resistant substances.

• Aquaregia is used tp dissolve noble metals such as gold, platinum, and palladium.
• It is used Tor cleaning and refining gold.

Question 4.
What does the acidity of base mean?
Answer:
It means the number of replaceable hydroxyl groups present in one molecule of a base.

Question 5.
What is Potash alum? Write its formula.
Answer:
Potash alum is a mixture of potassium sulphate and aluminium sulphate. KAl(SO₄)₂.12H₂O.

Question 6.
What are double salts? Give an example?
Answer:
Double salts are the salts formed by the combination of the saturated solution of two simple salts in equimolar ratio followed by crystallization. For example : Potash alum.

Question 7.
What are basic salts? Give suitable reaction for this.
Answer:
Basic salts are the product formed by the partial replacement of hydroxide ions of a diacidic or triacidic base with an acid radical.
Pb(OH)₂ + HCl → Pb(OH)Cl + H₂O

Question 8.
Why are tooth pastes basic?
Answer:
Toothpastes which are generally basic and used for cleaning the teeth can neutralise the excess acid and prevent tooth decay.

Question 9.
What is water of crystallisation?
Answer:
Many salts are found as crystals with water molecules they contain. These water molecules are known as water of crystallisation.

Question 10.
Why do blue colour copper sulphate becomes white on heating?
Answer:
On heating, blue colour copper sulphate loses its water molecules and becomes white.

Question 11.
Acidic or basic solutions are good conductors of electricity. Justify your answer.
Answer:
Acidic and basic solutions in water conduct electricity because they produce hydrogen and hydroxide ions respectively.

Question 12.
What are hygroscopic substances?
Answer:
Substance which absorbs water from the surroundings are called hygroscopic substances.

Question 13.
Define indicator. Give examples
Answer:
Chemical substances used to find out whether the given solution is acid or base are called indicators. Eg: Phenolphthalein, methyl orange.

Question 14.
Define ionisation.
Answer:
Ionisation is the condition of being dissociated into ions by heat or radiation or chemical reactions or electrical discharge.

Question 15.
How is normal salt obtained? Give a suitable reaction.
Answer:
A normal salt is obtained by complete neutralization of an acid by a base.
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O

Question 16.
How are bases classified based on ionisation?
Answer:
Based on Ionisation
(a) Strong Bases :
These are bases which ionise completely in aqueous solution.
Example: NaOH, KOH

(b) Weak Bases:
These are bases that ionise partially in aqueous solution.
Example: NH₄OH, Ca(OH)₂

VI. To Interpret:

Question 1.
CH₄ and NH₃, are not acids.
Answer:
CH₄ and NH₃ do not produce hydrogen ion (H⁺) in its aqueous solution.

Question 2.
Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is a mono basic acid.
Answer:
Though acetic acid contains four hydrogen atoms only one hydrogen can be replaced in its aqueous solution. So CH₃COOH is a mono basic acid.
CH₃COOH → H⁺+ + CH₃COO^–

Question 3.
Al(OH)₃ & Zn(OH)₂ are not alkalis.
Answer:
Al(OH)₃ & Zn(OH)₂ are water insoluble bases. So they are bases not alkalies.

Question 4.
NaOH & KOH are strong bases.
Answer:
These are bases which ionise completely in aqueous solution.

Question 5.
NaHSO₄ is an acid salt.
Answer:
It is formed by the partial replacement of hydrogen ion of sulphuric acid (H₂ SO₄ ) by a metal present in sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
NaOH + H₂ SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + H₂O

Question 6.
Non-metallic oxides are acidic is nature.
Answer:
When non – metallic oxides react with bases, they can form a salt and water similar to the reaction of base with acids. So non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature.

VII. Complete the following table:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

1) Hydrochloric acid	a) Fertilizer
2) Citric acid	b) Baking powder
3) Nitric acid	c) Car batteries
4) Oxalic acid	d) Cleansing agent in toilets
5) Sulphuric acid	e) Removing black stains
	f) Effervescent salts

Answer:
1. – d, 2. – f, 3. – a, 4. – e, 5. – c

Question 4.

1) Hardest substance in our body	a) Aluminium phosphate
2) Citrus fruits	b) Potash alum
3) Rice plant	c) Insoluble in water
4) Double salts	d) Acidic soil
5) Silver chloride	e) Calcium phophate
	f) Alkaline soil

Answer:
l.-e,2.-f,3.-d,4-b,5.-c

VIII. Find odd one out & give reason :

Question 1.
HCl, HNO₃, HCOOH, H₃PO₄
Answer:
H₃PO₄,
It is a tribasic acid whereas other three are monobasic acids.

Question 2.
Acetic acid, formic acid, tartaric acid, sulphuric acid.
Answer:
Sulphuric acid.
It is a mineral acid whereas other three are organic acids.

Question 3.
CaO, Na₂O, ZnO, NaOH
Answer:
NaOH.
It is a base containing replaceable hydroxyl ion. whereas other three bases contain replaceable oxide ions.

Question 4.
Bitter taste, soupy to touch, turns red litmus to blue, produce pink colour with methyl orange.
Answer:
Produce pink colour with methyl orange.
It is the property of acids whereas other three are properties of bases.

Question 5.
Litmus paper, phenolphthalein, methyl orange, Aquaregia.
Answer:
Aquaregia.
It is a mixture of two acids namely, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, used to dissolve metals such as gold and platinum whereas other three are indicators used to identify the nature of the solution.

IX. Spot the error / Correct the wrong statement given below :

Question 1.
An acid is the compound which are capable of forming hydroxyl ions (OH^– ) in aqueous solution. .
Answer:
An acid is the compound which are capable of forming hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous , solution, (or) A base is the compound which are capable of forming hydroxyl ion (OH-) in aqueous solution.

Question 2.
Nitric Acid is a constituent of baking powder.
Answer:
Tartaric acid is a constituent of baking powder.

Question 3.
The p^H value of the base in lesser than 7.
Answer:
The p^H value of the base is greater than 7. (or) p^H value of an acid is lesser than 7.

Question 4.
Ca(OH)₂ is a triacidic base.
Answer:
Ca(OH)₂ is a diacidic base (or) Al(OH)₃ is a triacidic base.

Question 5.
Magnesium hydroxide is used in whitewashing of buildings.
Answer:
Magnesium hydroxide is used as an antacid. (or) Calcium hydroxide is used in whitewashing of buildings.

X. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Explain the classification of acids based on their basicity.
Answer:
Monobasic Acid :
Acid that contain only one replaceable hydrogen atom per molecule is called monobasic acid. It gives one hydrogen ion per molecule of the acid in solutions.
Example: HCl, HNO₃
.
Dibasic Acid :
An acid which gives two hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid in solution.
Example : H₂SO₄, H₂CO₃
‘
Tribasic Acid :
An acid which gives three hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid in solution.
Example: H₃PO₄.

Question 2.
Write notes on the properties of acids.
Answer:
(a) They have sour taste.
(b) Their aqueous solutions conduct electricity since they contain ions
(c) Acids turns blue litmus red.
(d) Acids react with active metals to give hydrogen gas.
Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H ₂↑
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑

(e) Acids react with metal carbonate and metal hydrogen carbonate to give carbon dioxide.
Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂↑
NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂↑

(f) Acids react with metallic oxides to give salt and water.
CaO + H₂SO₄ → CaSO₄+ H₂O

(g) Acids react with bases to give salt and water.
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O.

Question 3.
Write notes on the properties of bases. .
Answer:
(a) They have bitter taste.
(b) Their aqueous solutions have soapy touch.
(c) They turn red litmus blue.
(d)Their aqueous solutions conduct electricity.
(e) Bases react with metals to form salt with the liberation of hydrogen gas.
Zn + 2 NaOH → Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂↑

(f) Bases react with non-metallic oxides to produce salt and water. Since this is similar to the reaction between a base and an acid, we can conclude that non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature,
Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃+ H₂O

(g) Bases react with acids to form salt and water.
KOH + HCl → KCl + H₂O
The above reaction between a base and an acid is known as Neutralisation reaction.

(h) On heating with ammonium salts, bases give ammonia gas.
NaOH + NH₄Cl → NaCl + H₂O+ NH₃↑

Question 4.
Describe the classification of bases based on their acidity.
Answer:
(a) Monoacidic Base :
It is a base that ionises in water to give one hydroxide ion per molecule.
Example: NaOH, KOH

(b) Diacidic Base:
It is a base that ionises in water to give two hydroxide ions per molecule.
Example: Ca(OH)₂, Mg(OH)₂

(c) Triacidic Base :
It is a base that ionises in water to give three hydroxide ions per molecule.
Example: Al(OH)₃, Fe(OH)₃

Question 5.
Write notes on importance of pH in everyday life.
Answer:
p^H in our digestive system :
Hydrochloric acid produced in our stomach helps in the digestion of food without harming the stomach. During indigestion, the stomach produces too much acid and this causes pain and irritation. pH of stomach fluid is approximately 2.0

p^H changes is the cause of tooth decay :
White enamel coating of our teeth is calcium phosphate, the hardest substance in our body. Toothpaste which are generally basic and used for cleaning the teeth can neutralise the excess acid and prevent tooth decay.

p^H of soil:
In agriculture, the pH of soil is very important. Citrus fruits require slightly alkaline soil, while rice requires acidic soil and sugarcane requires neutral soil.

p^H of rain water:
The pH of rainwater is approximately 7 which means that it is neutral and also represents its high purity. If the atmospheric air is polluted with oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, they get dissolved in rainwater and make its pH less than 7. Thus, if the pH of rainwater is less than 7, then it is called acid rain. When acid rain flows into the rivers it lowers the pH of the river water. The survival of aquatic life in such rivers becomes difficult.

Question 6.
List the properties of salts.
Answer:

•  Salts are mostly solids which melt as well as boil at high temperature.
• Most of the salts are soluble in water.
  For example, chloride salts of potassium and sodium are soluble in water. But silver chloride is insoluble in water.
• They are odourless, mostly white, cubic crystals or crystalline powder with a salty taste.
• Salt is hygroscopic in nature.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 25 Computer – An Introduction Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 25 Computer – An Introduction

9th Science Guide Computer – An Introduction Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
………………. is an electronic device which stores data and information.
(a) Telescope
(b) Television
(c) Computer
(d) Radio
Answer:
(c) Computer

Question 2.
………………. belongs to the generation IV of the computer
(a) Microprocessor
(b) Artificial Intelligence
(c) Transistor
(d) Vaccum Tubes
Answer:
(a) Microprocessor

Question 3.
Data processing involves……………….steps.
(a) seven
(b) four
(c) six
(d) eight
Answer:
(c) six

II. Match the following:

III generation computer	Integrated circuit
Text,	Information
Transistor	Father of computer
Directly used	Data
Charles Babbage	II generation

Answer:

III generation computer	Integrated circuit
Text, number	Data
Transistor	II generation
Directly used	Information
Charles Babbage	Father of computer

III. Answer briefly :

Question 1.
Define computer.
Answer:
A computer is an electronic device, which manipulates and stores data and information through commands or program codes.

Question 2.
Differentiate data and information.
Answer:
Data
Data is the set of values of qualitative and quantitative variables. The data that is fed to the computer can be text, numbers, or statistics. These data stored in computer memory cannot be used directly. It has to be processed.

Information
The information we get or obtain or receive using the data from the computer can be used directly.

Question 3.
What is data processing?
Answer:
The data processing in a computer is collecting data and converting it into information according to our needs and requirements.

IV. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
What are the different steps involved in data processing?
Answer:
Data processing has six steps. They are,

• Data collection
• Data storage
• Data sorting
• The data processing
• Data analysis
• Data presentation and conclusions

Question 2.
List out the generations of computers.
Answer:
The history of computers has been classified into many stages. The main difference between the generations is the speed and efficiency of the computer. On the basis of performance and speed, the generations of the computer was categorised as follows.

Generations of Computer:

Period	Generation	Digital devices
1940-1956	I Generation	Vacuum tubes
1956-1963	II Generation	Transistor
1964-1971	III Generation	Integrated circuits
1972-2010	IV Generation	Microprocessors
After 2010	V Generation	Artificial Intelligence

9th Science Guide Computer – An Introduction Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answers :

Question 1.
The people of China used ……………….
(a) abacus
(b) transistor
(c) vacuum tubes
(d) microprocessors
Answer:
(a) abacus

Question 2.
ENIAC computer had approximately ………………. vacuum tubes.
(a) 16,000
(b) 14,000
(c) 18, 000
(d) 12,000
Answer:
(c) 18,000

Question 3.
ATM machine works with the help of …………… only.
(a) calculator
(b) mobile
(c) transistor
(d) computer
Answer:
(d) computer

Question 4.
How many generations of computers are there?
(a) 2
(b) 5
(c) 3
(d) 6
Answer:
(b) 5

Question 5.
………………. was used by the American Military.
(a) ENIAC
(b) Computer
(c) Transistor
(d) Calculator
Answer:
(a) ENIAC

Question 6.
The main difference between the generations is the ………… and …………….. of the computer.
(a) size, shape
(b) hardware, software
(c) speed, efficiency
(d) shape, performance
Answer:
(c) speed, efficiency

Question 7.
………….. is one of the steps in the data processing.
(a) Data management
(b) Data storage
(c) Data calculation
(d) Data transformation
Answer:
(b) Data storage

Question 8.
………………….. stored in computer memory cannot be used directly.
Information
a) Information
(b) Words
(c) Data
(d) Numbers
Answer:
(c) Data

Question 9.
Which of the following is the period of the first generation of computers?
(a) 1956- 1963
(b) 1964- 1971
(c) 1940- 1956
(d) 1972-2010
Answer:
(c) 1940 – 1956

Question 10.
(i) The computer operates by the exchange of commands between hardware and
software.
(ii) Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace gave the first programming to do arithmetic operations.
(a) Both the statements are Wrong
(b) Statement (i) is correct but’ statement (ii) is wrong
(c) Statement (i) is wrong but statement (ii) is correct
(d) Both the statements are correct
Answer:
(d) Both the statements are correct

II. Match the following :

ATM	set of values
Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace	step in the data processing
Data analysis	withdraw money
Data	general-purpose computer
ENIAC	1956 – 1963
II Generation	1972 – 2010
IV Generation	First programmer

Answer:

ATM	withdraw money
Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace	First programmer
Data analysis	step in the data processing
Data	set of values
ENIAC	general-purpose computer
II Generation	1956 – 1963
IV Generation	1972 – 2010

III. Answer briefly:

Question 1.
Define ENIAC.
Answer:

• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was designed in the year 1946 was equivalent to the size of a huge classroom.
• ENIAC had approximately 18,000 vacuum tubes.
• ENIAC, which was used by the American Military in 1946 to predict the trajectory of artillery shells, recognized as the world’s first general-purpose computer.

Question 2.
What is meant by hardware and software?
Answer:

• The computer operates by the exchange of commands between the hardware and software.
• Hardware can be touched and felt.
• The software cannot be touched and felt.

Question 3.
Name the fields where computers are used.
Answer:
The fields where computers are used are:

• Banks
• Hospitals
• Post offices
• Transport
• Market
• Media
• Defense sector
• Education and space research

IV. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Explain the history of computers.
Answer:

• Around 2000 years ago, the people of China used Abacus.
• This was considered as the most basic model of a computer.
• Nineteenth century was considered as the birth of the computer when Charles Babbage designed the basic construction of a computer.
• ENLAC, which was used by the American Military in 1946 to predict the trajectory of artillery shells, recognized as the world’s first general-purpose computer.
• ENIAC had approximately 18,000 vacuum tubes.
• The size occupied by the ENIAC could be equivalent to a classroom.
• Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace was honored as the first programmer as she gave the first programming to do arithmetic operations.

Question 2.
Write the history of computers.
Answer:

• Around 2000 years ago, the people of China used Abacus. This was considered as the most basic model of a computer.
• Nineteenth-century was considered as the birth of the computer when Charles Babbage designed the basic construction of a computer.
• ENIAC, which was used by the American Military in 1946 to predict the trajectory of artillery shells was recognized as the world’s first general-purpose computer.
• Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace was honored as the first programmer as she gave the first programming to do arithmetic operations.

Question 3.
Explain in detail about data and data processing.
Answer:
Data:

• Data is the set of values of qualitative and quantitative variables.
• The data that is fed to the computer can be text, numbers or statistics.
• These data stored in computer memory cannot be used directly.
• It has to be processed.

Data Processing:
The data processing in a computer is collecting data and converting it into information according to our needs and requirements.

Steps in data processing:
Data processing has six steps. They are:

• Data collection
• Data storage
• Data sorting
• Data processing
• Data analysis
• Data presentation and conclusions

Question 4.
What are the different generations of computers?
Answer:

• The main difference between the generations is the speed and efficiency of the computer.
• On the basis of performance and speed, the generations of the computer were categorised.

Generations of Computer:

Period	Generation	Digital devices
1940-1956	I Generation	Vacuum tubes
1956-1963	II Generation	Transistor
1964-1971	III Generation	Integrated circuits
1972-2010	IV Generation	Microprocessors
After 2010	V Generation	Artificial Intelligence

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 26 Parts of Computer Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 26 Parts of Computer

9th Science Guide Parts of Computer Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Which one of the following is an output device?
(a) Mouse
(b) Keyboard
(c) Speaker
(d) Pendrive
Answer:
(c) Speaker

Question 2.
Name the cable that connects CPU to the Monitor.
(a) Ethernet
(b) VGA
(c) HDMI
(d) USB
Answer:
(b) VGA

Question 3.
Which one of the following is an input device?
(a) Speaker
(b) Mouse
(c) Monitor
(d) Printer
Answer:
(b) Mouse

Question 4.
Which one of the following is an example for wireless connections?.
(a) Wi-Fi
(b) Electric wires
(c) VGA
(d) USB
Answer:
(a) Wi-Fi

Question 5.
Pen drive is a/an ………….. device.
(a) output
(b) input
(c) storage
(d) connecting cable
Ans :
(c) storage

II. Match the following:

Question 1.

VGA	Input device
Bluetooth	Connecting cable
Printer	LDMI
Keyboard	Wireless connection
HDMI	Output device

Answer:

VGA	Input device
Bluetooth	Wireless connection
Printer	Output device
Keyboard	LDMI
HDMI	Connecting cable

III. Answer briefly :

Question 1.
Name the parts of a computer.
Answer:
Three parts of the computer are:

1. Input Unit
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
3. Output Unit.

Question 2.
Bring out any two differences between input and output devices.
Answer:
Input devices

1. The Input units help to send the data and commands for the processing.
2. Input devices only allow for the input of data to a computer.

Output devices

1. The Output units convert the command received by the computer in the form of binary signals into easily understandable characters.
2. Output devices only receive the output of data from another device.

9th Science Guide Parts of Computer Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
………………… plays an important role in a computer as an input device.
(a) Keyboard
(b) Scanner
(c) Printer
(d) Mouse
Answer:
(a) Keyboard

Question 2.
………………….. is an essential part of the computer.
(a) Keyboard
(b) CPU
(c) Mouse
(d) Wi-Fi
Answer:
(c) Mouse

Question 3.
A bit has a single binary value either ……………….. or ………………..
(a) 1,-1
(b) 0,1
(c) 1,2
(d) 2,0
Answer:
(b) 0,1

Question 4.
The personal computer comes under the ……………….. computer.
(a) mainframe
(b) mini
(c) micro
(d) super
Answer:
(c) micro

Question 5.
………………..cable transmits high quality and high bandwidth streams of audio and video.
(a) VGA
(b) USB
(c) Data
(d) HDMI
Answer:
(d) HDMI

Question 6.
………………..is used to connect the speaker to the computer.
(a) Audio jack
(b) Power card
(c) Data cable
(d) USB cable
Answer:
(a) Audio jack

Question 7.
………………..cable helps to establish internet connectivity.
(a) Power card
(b) Audio jack
(c) Ethernet
(d) USB
Answer:
(c) Ethernet

II. Answer the following :

Question 1.
What are the input devices?
Answer:
The input unit helps to send the data and commands for processing. The devices that are used to enter data are called injfut devices.

Question 2.
Write some examples of input and output devices of a computer system.
Answer:
Input devices:
Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Barcode reader, Microphone, Web camera, Light pen are some of the input devices.

Output devices:
Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Scanner, are some of the output devices.

Question 3.
What is Keyboard?
Answer:

• The keyboard plays an important role in a computer as an input device.
• Numbers and alphabet play a role of data in the computer.
• The keyboard helps to enter data.;
• Keyboard has two types of keys, namely number keys and alphabet keys.
• The keys with numbers are called number keys and the keys with letters are called alphabet keys.

Question 4.
Explain CPU.
Answer:
CPU (Central Processing Unit)

(i) Memory Unit
(ii) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
(iii) Control Unit

(i) Memory Unit: The memory unit in the computer saves all data and information temporarily. The data is measured in units which is called as Bit. A Bit has a single binary value either 0 or 1. We can classify memory unit into two types namely primary and secondary memory. Memory can be expanded externally with the help of Compact Disk (CD), Pendrive, etc.

(ii) Arithmetic Logic Unit : Arithmetic and Logic unit performs all arithmetic computations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

(iii) Control Unit: The control unit controls the functions of all parts of the computer.

Question 5.
What is Bit?
Answer:
The memory unit in the computer saves all data and information temporarily. The data is measured in units which is called as Bit.

Question 6.
What are the types of monitors?
Answer:
There are two types of monitors namely.

1. Cathode Ray Tube monitors (CRT)
2. Thin Film Transistor Monitors (TFT)

Question 7.
What is the classification of the computer?
Answer:
The computers can be classified as follows based on their design, shape, speed, efficiency, working of the memory unit, and their applications.

• Mainframe Computer
• Mini Computer
• Micro or personal compute
• Supercomputer

Question 8.
Explain the types of cables.
Answer:
Video Graphics Array (VGA), High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), Universal Serial Bus (USB), Data cable, Power Cord, Mic cable, Ethernet cable.

• VGA Cable: It is used to connect the computer monitor with the CPU.
• USB cable /cord: Devices like Printer, Pendrive, Scanner, Mouse, Keyboard, web camera, and Mobile phone devices are connected with the computer using a USB cord or cable.
• HDMI Cable: HDMI cable transmits high quality and high bandwidth streams of audio and video. It connects the monitor, projector with the computer.
• Data Cable: Data cable transmits data and it is used to connect a tablet, mobile phone to the CPU for data transfer.
• Audio jack: The audio jack is used to connect the speaker to the computer.
• Power cord: Power cord temporarily connects an appliance to the main electricity supply.
• Mic cable: To connect the Mic (Microphone) to the CPU, Mic wire/cord is used.

Question 9.
Explain wireless connections.
Answer:
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi is used to connect to the internet without using any connecting cables/devices.

• Bluetooth: Mouse, Keyboard can be connected to the computer using Bluetooth. Using Bluetooth the data can be shared with nearby devices.
• Wi-Fi: Net connectivity can be obtained using Wi-Fi without any connecting cables. Any data from anywhere can be shared using Wi-Fi.