Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Guide Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Guide Pdf Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 3 Vegetative Morphology

11th Bio Botany Guide Vegetative Morphology Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Part-I

I. Choose the Right Answer:

Question 1.
Roots are
a. Descending-negatively geostrophic positively phototrophic
b. Descending-positively geostrophic negatively phototrophic
c. Ascending, positively geostrophic negatively phototrophic
d. Ascending, negatively geostrophic negatively phototrophic
Answer:
b. Descending-positively geostrophic negatively phototrophic

Question 2.
When the root is thick and fleshy but does not take a definite shape is said to be
a. Nodulose root
b.Tuberous root
c. Moniliform root
d. Fasciculated root
Answer:
b. Tuberous root

Question 3.
Example for negatively geotrophic roots
a. Ipomoea, Dahlia
b. Asparagus, Ruellia
c. Vitis, Portulaca
d. Avicennia, Rhizophora
Answer:
d. Avicenniarhizophora

Question 4.
Cureumaamada curcuma domestica Asparagus maranta are examples of
a. Tuberous root
b. Beaded root
c. Moniliform root
d. Nodulose root
Answer:
d. Nodulose root

Question 5.
Bryophyllum and Dioscorea are examples for
a. Foliar bud, apical bud
b.Foliar bud, cauline bud
c. Cauline bud, apical bud
d.Cauline bud, fohar bud
Answer:
b. Foliar bud, cauline bud

Two Marks

Question 6.
Why lateral roots are endogenous?
Answer:
Lateral roots arise from the pericycle, part Eg. Inner part – so it is known as endogenous in origin.

Question 7.
Write the similarities and differences between

1. Avicennia & trapa
2. Banyan & silk cotton
3. Fusiform and Napiform root

Answer:
I. Avicennia & trapa

Avicennia	Trapa (water chestnut)
Live in marshy leaves	Live in aquatic habitat
Has negatively geotrophic root known as respiratory roots-with pneumatophores help in exchange of gases	Has photosynthetic or assimilatory roots – help in photosynthesis.

II. Banyan & silk cotton

Banyan	Silk cotton
Has pillar roots- grow vertically downward from the lateral branches to soil -to give additional support.	Has broad plant-like outgrowths develop obliquely towards the base all around the trunk – to give support.

III. Fusiform and Napiform root

Fusiform	Napiform
Roots are swollen in the middle and tapering towards both ends (like a spindle-shaped Eg. Raphanus sativus	Roots broad and suddenly tapers like a tall at the apex (top-shaped) Eg. Beta vulgaris

Question 8.
How root climbers differ from stem climbers?
Answer:

Root Climbers	Stem Climbers
Climb with the help of adventitious root( arise from the node) Eg: Piperbetal, piper nigrum	No special climbing structures – stem itself coils around the support Eg: Ipomoeaellittoria

Question 9.
Compare sympodial branching with monopodial branching.
Answer:

Sympodial	Monopodial
Determinate — growth Terminal bud ceases -to grow-and further growth by lateral buds- Eg. Cycas	Indeterminate growth TerminaI bud — grows uninterrupted and produce several lateral branches — Eg. Polyalthi

Question 10.
Compare pinnate unicostate and palmate multicoastate venation?
Answer:

Pinnately reticulate (unicoastate)	Palmately reticulate (multicoastate)
One mid rib in the centre with many laterlal braches Eg: Mangifera indica	Several veins arise from the help of peticole & run parallel & unite at the apex – 2 types Divergent Eg: Borassussflabellifereg, Covergant Eg. Paddy

Part – II

11th Bio Botany Guide Vegetative Morphology Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
The study about external features of an organism is known as …………… .
(a) morphology
(b) anatomy
(c) physiology
(d) taxonomy
Answer:
(a) morphology

Question 2.
Onion lettuce, fennel, radish, cabbage are examples of
a. perennial
b. annual.
c. centennial
d. biennial
Answer:
d.biennial

Question 3.
The branch of science that deals with the classification of organisms is called as …………… .
(a) taxonomy
(b) morphology
(c) physiology
(d) anatomy
Answer:
(a) taxonomy

Question 4.
Palmately reticulate, convergent venation is seen in
a. zizipus
b. mango
c. cucurbita
d. carica papaya
Answer:
a. zizipus

Question 5.
Rolling or folding of individual leaves may be as follows
a. pteryix
b. ptyxis
c. typxis
d. xyptes
Answer:
b. ptyxis

Question 6.
The general form of a plant is referred to as …………… .
(a) habitat
(b) structure
(c) habit
(d) shape and size
Answer:
(c) habit

Question 7.
These are examples for shrubs
a. coconut and Palmyra
b. mango and bamboo
c. hibiscus and castor
d. cotton and bougainvillea
Answer:
c. Hibiscus and Castor

Question 8.
Angiosperms are also known as
a. Bryophytes
b. pteridophytes
c. Magnoliophytes
d. Tracheophytes
Answer:
c.Magnoliophytes

Question 9.
Climbers are also called as …………… .
(a) herbs
(b) trees
(c) vines
(d) shrubs
Answer:
(c) vines

Question 10.
The phyllotaxy seen in Nerium is known as
a. whorled
b. opposite
c. alternate
d. ternate
Answer:
d.Ternate

Question 11.
…………… is an example for xerophytes.
(a) Lichens
(b) Euphorbia
(c) Ficus
(d) Ipomoea
Answer:
(b) Euphorbia

II. FILL UP THE BLANKS

Question 1.

1.	Definition	Term used	Example
a.	The occurrence of 2 kinds of leaves	(a)
b.	When leaf directly vertically upwards	(b)	Limnophyllaheterophylla
c.	One leaflet articulated to the petiole	unifoliolate	Grass (c)
d.	Lower leaves with longer petioles, Successive leaves with shorter petioles	Mosaic	(d)

Answer:
a. Heterophylly
b. isobilateral leaf
c. citrus
d. acalypha

III. Identify the Diagram

Question 1.
Identify The Diagram and Label ABCD
Answer:

Question 2.
IDENTIFY THE DIAGRAM and Label ABCD from the diagram
Answer:

Question 3.
Identify the Diagram and Label ABCD from the diagram
Answer:

IV. Read the following Assertion and Reason Find the correct answer

Question 1.
Assertion: Rootstock laek root cap and root hairs but they possess terminal but which is a characteristic of stem
Reason: Rootstocks also known as underground stem
a. Assertion and Reason are correct reason explaining stem
b. Assertion and Reason are correct but the reason is not explaining assertion
c. Assertion is true, but Reason wrong
d. Assertion is true, but Reason is not explaining assertion
Answer:
Assertion and reason are correct -Reason is explaining assertion

Question 2.
Assertion: Avieennia develop special kinds of the root (negatively-geotropic) known as respiratory roots
Reason: They are mangrove plants
a. Assertion and Reason are correct Reason is explaining assertion
b. Assertion and Reason are correct but, the reason is not explaining assertion
c. Assertion is true, but Reason is wrong
d. Assertion is true, but Reason is not explaining assertion
Answer:
Assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not explaining assertion.

V. Find out the Wrong answer

Question 1.
Buttress roots are not traced in
a. Terminalia arjuna
b. Delonixregia
c. Bombax spp
d. Piper betel
Answer:
d. Piper betel

Question 2.
Among the given which one doesn’t have foliar roots
a. Bryophyllum
b. Begnonia
c. Zamiaculeas
d. Ranunculus
Answer:
d. Ranunculus

Question 3.
Among the given, Find out the odd man with reference to the fibrous root system.
a. Eleusineeoracana
b. Pennisetumamericanum
c. Zingiferaoffieinalis
d. Ficusbenahaliensis
Answer:
d. Ficusbenahaliensis

VI. Form the match and Find the Wrong Pair

Question 1.
(1) Tendril as stem modification – Passiflora
(2) Tendril as leaf modification – Lathyrus
(3) Tendril as stipule modification- Smilax
(4) Tendril as a modification of petiole of the leaf – Nepenthes
Answer:
(4) Tendril as a modification of petiole of the leaf – Nepenthes

Question 2.
(1) Zingifereffienalis – Rhizome
(2) Eolehicum – Eorm
(3) Allium cepia – Tunicatedbulle
(4) Tuber – Tulipa.spp
Answer:
(4) Tuber – Tulipa .spp

Question 3.
(1) Leaf base – Hypopodium
(2) petiole – Mesopodium
(3) Midrib – Endopodium
(4) Lamenia – Epipodium
Answer:
(3) Midrib – Endopodium

Question 4.
(1) Flattened – Cynodon dactyla
(2) Cylindrical cladode – Asparagus
(3) Flattened phylloclade – Opuntia
(4) Cylindrical – Euphorbia antiquorum
Answer:
(3) Flattened phylloclade- Opuntia

Question 5.
(1) Additional outgrowth between leafe base & lamina – Ligute
(2) Sheathing leaf base – Mesopodium
(3) Stiples occur in – Fabaceae
(4) Stiples absent in – Monocots
Answer:

VII. Match And Find The Correct Answer

Question 1.
(1) Unipennate – Eaesalpinia A
(2) Bipinnate – Eoriandrumsativum B
(3) Tripinnate – Neem C
(4) Decompound – Moringa D

Answer:
b)C-A-D-B

Question 6.
Tabulate the Aerial Stem modification
Answer:

Question 7.
Draw the structure of prop roots
Answer:

Question 8.
Differentiate between Excurrent and decurrent types of stem.
Answer:

Excurrent	Decurrent
Main axis – continuous growth lateral branches shorter and tapper towards tip conical appearance Ex: Polyalthia	Lateral branches more vigorous growth- giving rounded spreading appearance Ex: Mangifera

Question 9.
Differentiate between Runner and Sucker:
Answer:

Runner	Sucker
Prostrate branch of aerial stem creeping on the ground and rooting at nodes. Ex: Centellacynodondaetylon	The underground stem grows obliquely upwards give rise to a new plant. Ex: Chrysanthemum Bambusa, Musa

Question 10.
Differentiate between Ternate and Whorled Phyilotaxy
Answer:

Ternate	Whorled
At each node, three leaves are attached Ex: Nerium	At each node more than 3 leaves form a whorl Ex: Allamanda

Question 11.
What is plant morphology?
Answer:
Plant morphology is also known as external morphology deals with the study of shape, size, and structure of plants and their parts like (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds).

Question 12.
Name any 2 brace roots and write down their botanical name
Answer:

1. Sugarcane – Saccharum officinarum
2. Maize- Zea mays

Question 13.
Draw the Regions of the root tip and label the parts
Answer:

Question 14.
What is meant by ‘Eye’ of a potato?
Answer:
The axillary bud ensheathes by the scale appears as eye-like on the potato surface each and every eye can develop into a potato plant.
‘S’ Scale Leaf Auxiliary bud

Question 15.
Draw the structure of a typical leaf and label the parts
Answer:

Give Short Answer

Question 1.
The morphological study is important in Taxonomy. Why?
Answer:
Morphological features are important in determining the productivity of crops. Morphological characters indicate the specific habitats of living as well as the fossil plants and help to correlate the distribution in space and time of fossil plants. Morphological features are also significant for phylogeny.

Question 2.
Classify leaves on the basis of duration
Answer:

1. Cauducuous (fagaceous)- falling off soon after formation – Opuntia
2. Deciduous – Falling at the end of the growing season (winter& summer-leaf less)- Erythrina indica
3. Evergreen- persistent throughout the year tree never remain leafless Mimusops
4. Marcescent- no falling-but withering on the plants – Fagaceae

Question 3.
Classify compound leaf types
Answer:

Question 4.
Give the diagrammatic representation of leaf modifications
Answer:

Question 5.
Give a brief account on the tap root system.
Answer:
Primary root is the direct prolongation of the radicle. When the primary root persists and continues to grow as in dicotyledons, it forms the main root of the plant and is called the tap root. Tap root produces lateral roots that further branch into finer roots. Lateral roots along with their branches together called secondary roots.

Question 6.
Classify venation
Answer:

Question 7.
Notes on Heterophylly.
Answer:
Definition:
Morphologically 2 different kinds of leaves in the same plant is called heterophylly.
Types-2

1. Structural
2. Developmental

1. Structural – In Limnophyllaheterophylla, aquatic plant half of its plant body is submerged and half is above water level. Here aerial leaves are normal & the submerged leaves are highly dissected.

2. Developmental – In Sterculiavillosa Varying structure during different developmental stages- Young leaves – lobed or dissected Mature leaves – entire

Question 8.
How the leaf hooks helps the Bignonia plant?
Answer:
In cat’s nail (Bignonia unguiscati) an elegant climber, the terminal leaflets become modified into three, very sharp, stiff, and curved hooks, very much like the nails of a cat. These hooks cling to the bark of a tree and act as organs of support for climbing.

Phyllode- It is a winged leaf petiole or stalk or rachis Eg. Nepenthus – modified to perform the function as leaf
Acacia auriculiformis Leaf- petiole modification to do photosynthesis

Essay Question – Five marks

Question 1.
Classify terrestrial habitats
Answer:

Types	Examples
Mesophytes (soil-&with sufficient water)	Azadurachitaindica
Xerophytes (in dry habitals)	Opuntia .euphorbia
Psammophytes (on sand)	Spinifex littoralis
Lithophytes (on rocks)	Liehensficusspp

Question 2.
Classify aquatic habitat.
Answer:

Types	Examples
1. Free-floating	Eichhomia, pistia
2. Submerged	Hydrilla,vallisneria
3. Emergent	Limnophytes, typha
4. Floating leaves but submerged	Nelumbo, nymphaea
5. Mangroves (marshy plants)	Avicennia, Rhizophora

Question 3.
Draw the structure of a typical plant and neatly label the parts
Answer:

Question 4.
What are the various types of root modification
Answer:

Question 5.
Give a clear-cut distinction of horks Spines & prickles.
Answer:

Horks	Spines	Prickles
Organ of climbing	Protective & adaptive to xeric condition	Protective & adaptive to xeric condition
Leaf modification terminal 3 leaflets – modified into sharp sliff -curved hooks (like nails of eat)- bignonia unguiseatr	Leaf modification – opuntia Leaf & stipule modification-  Euphorbia Leaf surface or margin of leaf – Argemone mexicana	Our growth from epidermal cells of stem or leaves – Rosa spp

Question 6.
List out various types of Phyllotaxy.
Answer:

Type	Definition	Examples
1. Alternate Spiral	Only one leaf — each node successive nodes have alternate – in a spiral manner	Hibiscus
2. Alternate bifarous	Leaves in 2 rows – alternatively	Polyalthia
3. Opposite superposed	2 leaves in each node opposite in same direction in successive nodes	Eg. Guava
4. Opposite deeussate	One pair of leaves at right angles to the next lower pair	Eg.Calotropis
5. Temate	3 leaves at each node	Eg.Nerium
6. Whorled or verticulate	More than 3 leaves at each node	Eg.Allamanda
7. Leaf Mosaic	Upper leaves with short petiole lower leaves have long petioles	Eg.Aealypha

Question 7.
Compare & Contrast pitcher from bladderwort.
Answer:

Pitcher plant	Bladder plant
Grow in terrestrial habitat – where there is scarcity of nitrogen in the soil	Root less free-floating or slightly submerged aquatic plant
All parts of leaf modified, specially the leaf lamina- as pitcher with lid to trap insects Eg. Nepenthus	Leaf highly segmented and some segments of leaf modified into the bladder with trap door to trap aquatic animalcules Eg. Utricularia

Question 8.
Define Ptyxis or Vernation list out the various types
Answer:

Types	Definition	Examples
Reclinate	Upper half of leaf blade bent upon lower leaf	Eriobotry a japonica
Consolidate	Lengthwise folding along mid rib	Guava, potato Bauhenia
Plicate	Repeatedly folded longitudinally along ribs – zigzag manner	Borassus
Cricinate	Leaf rolled apex to base	Ferns
Convolute	Leaf rolled from margin from one to other	Musa members of Arecaceae
Involute	Two margins rolled on the upper surface of leaf towards mid rib.	Lotus lily
Crumpled	Irregularly folded	Cabbage