Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Guide Chapter 3 Computer Organisation

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Guide Pdf Chapter 3 Computer Organisation Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 3 Computer Organisation

11th Computer Applications Guide Computer Organisation Text Book Questions and Answers

Part – I

Choose The Correct Answers

Question 1.
Which of the following is said to be the brain of a computer?
a) Input devices
b) Output devices
c) Memory device
d) Microprocessor
Answer:
d) Microprocessor

Question 2.
Which of the following is not the part of a microprocessor unit?
a) ALU
b) Control unit
c) Cache memory
d) register
Answer:
c) Cache memory

Question 3.
How many bits constitute a word?
a) 8
b) 16
c) 32
d) determined by the processor used
Answer:
d) determined by the processor used

Question 4.
Which of the following device identifies the location when address is placed in the memory address register?
a) Locator
b) encoder
c) decoder
d) multiplexer
Answer:
c) decoder

Question 5.
Which of the following is a CISC processor?
a) Intel P6
b) AMD K6
c) Pentium III
d) Pentium IV
Answer:
c) Pentium III

Question 6.
Which is the fastest memory?
a) Hard disk
b) Main memory
c) Cache memory
d) Blue – Ray dist
Answer:
c) Cache memory

Question 7.
How many memory locations are identified by a processor with 8 bits address bus at a time?
a) 28
b) 1024
c) 256
d) 8000
Answer:
c) 256

Question 8.
What is the capacity of 12 cm diameter DVD with single bided and single layer?
a) 4.7 GB
b) 5.5 GB
c) 7.8 GB
d) 2.2 GB
Answer:
a) 4.7 GB

Question 9.
What is the smallest size of data represented in a CD?
a) blocks
b) sectors
c) pits
d) tracks
Answer:
c) pits

Question 10.
Display devices are connected to the computer through.
a) USB port
b) Ps/2 port
c) SCSI port
d) VGA connector
Answer:
d) VGA connector

Part – II

Short Answers

Question 1.
What are the parameters which influence the ‘ characteristics of a microprocessor?
Answer:
A Microprocessor’s performance depends on the following characteristics:

1. Clock speed
2. Instruction set
3. Word size

Question 2.
What is an instruction?
Answer:
A command which is given to a computer to perform an operation on data is called an instruction.

Question 3.
What is a program counter?
Answer:
The Program Counter (PC) is a special register in the CPU which always keeps the address of the next instruction to be executed.

Question 4.
What is HDMI?
Answer:
High-Definition Multimedia Interface is an audio/ video interface which transfers the uncompressed video and audio data from a video controller, to a compatible computer monitor, LCD projector, digital television etc.

Question 5.
Which source is used to erase the content of a EPROM?
Answer:
EPROM retains its contents until it is exposed to ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light clears its contents.

Part – III

Explain In Brief

Question 1.
Differentiate Computer Organization from Computer Architecture.
Answer:

1. The computer architecture deals with the engineering considerations involved in designing a computer.
2. The Computer Organization deals with the hardware components that are transparent to the programmer.

Question 2.
Classify the microprocessor based on the size of the data.
Answer:
Depending on the data width, microprocessors can process instructions. The microprocessors can be classified as follows:

1. 8 – bit microprocessor
2. 16 – bit microprocessor
3. 32 – bit microprocessor
4. 64 – bit microprocessor

Question 3.
Write down the classifications of microprocessors based on the instruction set.
Answer:
The two types of microprocessors based on their instruction sets are –
(i) Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC):
RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computers. They have a small set of highly optimized instructions. Complex instructions are also implemented using simple instructions, thus reducing the size of the instruction set.

Examples of RISC processors are Pentium IV, Intel P6, AMD K6 and K7.

(ii) Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC) –
CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computers. They support hundreds of instructions. Computers supporting CISC can accomplish a wide variety of tasks, making them ideal for personal computers.

Examples of CISC processors are Intel 386 & 486, Pentium, Pentium II and III, and Motorola 68000.

Question 4.
Differentiate PROM arid EPROM.
Answer:
An EPROM differs from a PROM. PROM can be written only once and cannot be erased. EPROMs are used widely in personal computers because they enable the manufacturer to change the contents of the PROM to replace with updated versions or erase the contents before the computer is delivered.

Question 5.
Write down the interfaces and ports available In a computer.
Answer:
The various types of ports interfaces are:

1. Serial Port: To connect the external devices, found in old computers.
2. Parallel Port: To connect the printers, found in old computers.
3. USB Ports: To connect external devices like cameras, scanners, mobile phones, external hard disks and printers to the computer.
4. VGA Connector: To connect a monitor or any display device like LCD projector.
5. Audio Plugs: To connect sound speakers, microphone and headphones.
6. PS/2 Port: To connect mouse and keyboard to PC.
7. SCSI Port: To connect the hard disk drives and network connectors.

Question 6.
Differentiate CD and DVD.
Answer:
CD-ROM:

• Compact Disk Read Only Memory
• The capacity of an ordinary CD- ROM is 700MB.
• Data Transfer rate 1.4 to 1.6 MB/Sec
• Pits length is 0.83 Micron
• Distance between disc surface and data surface is 1.1 mm
• It can not play DVDs

DVD-ROM:

• Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory
• Single layer has capable of storing up to 4.7 GB of data, more than six times what a CD can hold. Double layer has 8.5 GB capacity.
• Data Transfer rate 11 MB/Sec
• Pits length is 0.4 Micron
• Distance between disc surface and data surface is 0.6 mm
• It can play CDs also

Question 7.
How will you differentiate a flash memory and an EEPROM?
Answer:
Flash Memory:

• It offers fast access times.
• The capacity of the flash memories vary from 1 Gigabytes (GB) to 2 Terabytes (TB).
• It offers between 100 and 1000 rewrites in 78K

EEPROM:

• It offers lower access time
• EEPROM with Megabyte capacity is available.
• EEPROM usually guarantees at least 100,000 rewrites

Part – IV

Explain In Detail

Question 1.
Explain the characteristics of a microprocessor.
Answer:
A Microprocessor’s performance depends on the following characteristics:
(a) Clock speed
(b) Instruction set
(c) Word size
(a) Clock Speed:
Every microprocessor has an internal clock that regulates the speed at which it executes instructions. The speed at which the microprocessor executes instructions is called the clock speed. Clock speed is measured in MHz (Mega Hertz) or in GHz (Giga Hertz).

(b) Instruction Set:
A command which is given to a computer to perform an operation on data is called an instruction. Basic set of machine level instructions that a microprocessor is designed to execute is called as an instruction set.

This instruction set carries out the following types of operations:

• Data transfer
• Arithmetic operations
• Logical operations
• Control flow
• Input/output

(c) Word Size
The number of bits that can be processed by a processor in a single instruction is ailed its word size. Word size determines the amount of RAM that can be accessed by a microprocessor at one time and the total number of pins on the microprocessor, total number of input and output pins in urn determines the architecture of the microprocessor.

Question 2.
How the read and write operations are performed by a processor? Explain.
Answer:
The Central Processing Unit(CPU) has a Memory Data Register (MDR) and a Memory Address Register (MAR). The Memory Data Register (MDR) keeps the data which is transferred between the Memory and the CPU.

The Program Counter (PC) is a special register CPU which always keeps the address of the instruction to be executed. The Arithmetic [Logic unit of CPU places the address of the memory to be fetched, into the Memory Address Register.

A bus is a collection of wires used for communication between the internal components are computer. The address bus is used to point a memory location. A decoder, a digital circuit is used to point to the specific memory location where the word can be located.

The address register is connected with the address bus, which provides the address of the instruction. A data bus is used to transfer data between the memory and the CPU.

The data bus is bidirectional and the address unidirectional. The control bus controls both read and write. The read operation fetches data from by and transfers to MDR. A single control line performs two operations like Read/Write using 1 or 2. Also, the write operation transfers data from the MDR to memory. This organization is shown in the following Figure.

If the size of the MDR is eight bits, which can be connected with a word in the memory which is also eight bits size. The data bus has eight parallel wires to transfer data either from MDR to word or word to MDR based on the control(Read or write). This control line is labeled as R/W, which becomes 1 means READ operation and 0 means WRITE operation.

The read operation transfers the data(bits) from word to Memory Data Register. The write operation transfers the data(bits) from Memory Data Register to word.

Question 3.
Arrange the memory devices in ascending order based on the access time.
Answer:
Different memory devices are arranged according to the capacity, speed and cost as shown in the following Figure.

The memory devices in ascending order based on the access time:
a) Hard disk
b) Main memory (RAM)
c) Cache memory

Question 4.
Explain the types of ROM.
Answer:
Types of ROM
Read Only Memory (ROM):
Read Only Memory refers to special memory in a computer with pre-recorded data at manufacturing time which cannot be modified. The stored programs that start the computer and perform diagnostics are available in ROMs.

ROM stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer. Once the data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be modified or removed and can only be read. ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. So, ROM is called as a non-volatile memory.

Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM):
Programmable read only memory is also a non-volatile memory on which data can be written only once. Once a program has been written onto a PROM, it remains there forever. Unlike the main memory, PROMs retain their contents even when the computer is turned off.

The PROM differs from ROM. PROM is manufactured as a blank memory, whereas a ROM is programmed during the manufacturing process itself. PROM programmer or a PROM burner is used to write data to a PROM chip. The process of programming a PROM is called burning the PROM.

Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM):
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory is a special type of memory which serves as a PROM, but the content can be erased using ultraviolet rays. EPROM retains its contents until it is exposed to ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light clears its contents, making it possible to reprogram the memory. An EPROM differs from a PROM, PROM can be written only once and cannot be erased.

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) :
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge. Like other types of PROM, EEPROM retains its contents even when the power is turned off. Comparing with all other types of ROM, EEPROM is slower in performance.

11th Computer Applications Guide Computer Organisation Additional Important Questions and Answers

Part – I

Choose The Correct Answers:

Question 1.
Computer organization deals with the of a computer.
a) software
b) hardware
c) freeware
d) None of these
Answer:
b) hardware

Question 2.
Computer organization includes _______.
a) Input / Output devices
b) Central Processing Unit
c) storage devices and primary memory
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 3.
_______ deals with the engineering considerations involved in designing a computer.
a) Computer organization
b) Computer architecture
c) Computer Science
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Computer architecture

Question 4.
_______ deals with the hardware components that are transparent to the programmer.
a) Computer organization
b) Computer architecture
c) Computer Science
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Computer organization

Question 5.
The _______ is the major component of a computer.
a) Storage device
b) CPU
c) Cache memory
d) All the above
Answer:
b) CPU

Question 6.
In a computer, _______ performs all tasks.
a) ALU
b) CPU
c) Input devices
d) All the above
Answer:
b) CPU

Question 7.
The microprocessors were first introduced in early _______.
a) 1960
b) 1950
c) 1970
d) 1980
Answer:
c) 1970

Question 8.
The first general purpose microprocessor, 4004 was developed by _______
a) Intel Inc
b) Apple Inc
c) BBC Micro
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Intel Inc

Question 9.
The _______ is a programmable multipurpose silicon chip.
a) Transistor
b) Vacuum tube
c) Microprocessor
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Microprocessor

Question 10.
_______ is driven by clock pulses,
a) Transistor
b) Vacuum tube
c) Microprocessor
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Microprocessor

Question 11.
The microprocessor is made up of _______ main units.
a) 5
b) 4
c) 2
d) 3
Answer:
d) 3

Question 12.
_______ is the main unit of a microprocessor.
a) ALU
b) registers
c) control unit
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 13.
_______ perform arithmetic and logical instructions based on computer instructions.
a) ALU
b) registers
c) control unit
d) All the above
Answer:
a) ALU

Question 14.
_________ control the overall operations of the computer through signals.
a) ALU
b) registers
c) control unit
d) All the above
Answer:
c) control unit

Question 15.
_______ is used to hold the instruction and data for the execution of the processor.
a) ALU
b) registers
c) control unit
d) All the above
Answer:
b) registers

Question 16.
The _________ is able to communicate with the memory units and the Input / Output devices.
a) transistor
b) vacuum tube
c) microprocessor
d) None of these
Answer:
c) microprocessor

Question 17.
The system _______ is a bunch of wires that serves as communication channels between the microprocessor and other devices.
a) bus
b) cable
c) port
d) none of these
Answer:
a) bus

Question 18.
_______ is a type of bus.
a) address bus
b) data bus
c) control bus
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 19.
A Microprocessor’s performance depends on the _______ characteristic.
a) Clock speed
b) Instruction set
c) Word size
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 20.
Hertz – abbreviated as _______.
a) Hz
b) Htz
c) Hrz
d) Hez
Answer:
a) Hz

Question 21.
_______ is the standard unit of measurement used for measuring frequency.
a) Hertz
b) Pixels
c) Bits
d) Bytes
Answer:
a) Hertz

Question 22.
Hertz is commonly used to measure _______ wave frequency.
a) sound waves
b) light waves
c) radio waves
d) all the above
Answer:
d) all the above

Question 23.
The average human ear can detect _______ Hz sound waves.
a) between 20 and 20,000 Hz
b) upto 10000 Hz
c) Less than 5000
d) None of these
Answer:
a) between 20 and 20,000 Hz

Question 24.
Sound waves close to 20 Hz have a low pitch and are called _________ frequencies.
a) treble
b) bass
c) Either A or B
d) None of these
Answer:
b) bass

Question 25.
Sound waves above 5,000 Hz have a high pitch and are called “treble” frequencies.
a) treble
b) bass
c) Either A or B
d) None of these
Answer:
a) treble

Question 26.
_______ is also used to measure the speed of computer processors.
a) Hours
b) Seconds
c) Bytes
d) Hertz
Answer:
d) Hertz

Question 27.
Each CPU is rated at a specific _______ speed.
a) clock
b) bus
c) cable
d) wave
Answer:
a) clock

Question 28.
_______ indicates how many instruction cycles the processor can perform in every second.
a) clock speed
b) bus speed
c) wave speed
d) none of these
Answer:
a) clock speed

Question 29.
The modern processors can perform _______ instructions per second.
a) millions
b) billions
c) Either A or B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Either A or B

Question 30.
The clock speeds are typically measured in _______.
a) megahertz
b) gigahertz
c) megahertz or gigahertz
d) None of these
Answer:
c) megahertz or gigahertz

Question 31.
Every microprocessor has a(n) _________ that regulates the speed at which it executes instructions.
a) internal clock
b) control bus
c) speed bus
d) none of these
Answer:
a) internal clock

Question 32.
The speed at which the microprocessor executes instructions is called the _______ .
a) cycle speed
b) clock speed
c) transfer rate
d) none of these
Answer:
b) clock speed

Question 33.
A command which is given to a computer to perform an operation on data is called an _______.
a) code
b) program
c) instruction
d) None of these
Answer:
c) instruction

Question 34.
Basic set of machine level instructions that a microprocessor is designed to execute is called as a(n) _______ .
a) algorithm
b) pseudo code
c) code
d) instruction set
Answer:
d) instruction set

Question 35.
The instruction set carries out the _________ operations.
a) Data transfer and Arithmetic operations
b) Logical operations and Control flow
c) Input/output
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 36.
The number of bits that can be processed by a processor in a single instruction is called its _______.
a) word size
b) clock speed
c) program execution
d) none of these
Answer:
a) word size

Question 37.
_______ determines the amount of RAM that can be accessed by a microprocessor.
a) word size
b) clock speed
c) program execution
d) none of these
Answer:
a) word size

Question 38.
Total number of _______ pins determines the architecture of the microprocessor.
a) input
b) output
c) input and output
d) None of these
Answer:
c) input and output

Question 39.
The first commercial microprocessor is _______.
a) Intel 3004
b) Intel 4044
c) Intel 4004
d) All the above
Answer:
c) Intel 4004

Question 40.
The microprocessor Intel 4004 is a _______ bit processor.
a) 32
b) 16
c) 8
d) 4
Answer:
d) 4

Question 41.
In a microprocessor, number of output pins is always equal to the number of _______ pins.
a) input
b) result
c) memory
d) none of these
Answer:
a) input

Question 42.
A microprocessor which consists of 4 input pins and 4 output pins can process _______ bit at a time.
a) 32
b) 16
c) 8
d) 4
Answer:
d) 4

Question 43.
A microprocessor which consists of 4 input pins and 4 output pins are called _______ bit micro processor.
a) 32
b) 16
c) 8
d) 4
Answer:
d) 4

Question 44.
Intel 8085 is a(n) _______ bit processor.
a) 32
b) 16
c) 8
d) 4
Answer:
c) 8

Question 45.
Intel 8086 is a(n) _______ bit processor.
a) 32
b) 16
c) 8
d) 4
Answer:
a) 32

Question 46.
Currently most of the microprocessors use _______ bit architecture.
a) 32
b) 64
c) 32 bit or 64
d) 32 bit or 16
Answer:
c) 32 bit or 64

Question 47.
The CPU has a _______.
a) MDR
b) MAR
c) MDR and MAR
d) None of these
Answer:
c) MDR and MAR

Question 48.
MDR stands for _______.
a) Memory Data Register
b) Memory Data Record
c) Memory Data Regulator
d) Memory Design Register
Answer:
a) Memory Data Register

Question 49.
MAR stands for _______.
a) Memory Access Register
b) Memory Accumulator Register
c) Memory Assign Register
d) Memory Address Register
Answer:
d) Memory Address Register

Question 50.
The _______ keeps the data which is transferred between the Memory and the CPU.
a) Memory Data Register
b) Memory Address Register
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Memory Data Register

Question 51.
_______ is a special register in the CPU which always keeps the address of the next instruction to be executed.
a) Page counter
b) Program counter
c) Program cycle
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Program counter

Question 52.
The _______ places the address of the memory to be fetched, into the Memory Address Register,
a) Control unit
b) Arithmetic and Logic unit
c) Memory unit
d) All the above
Answer:
b) Arithmetic and Logic unit

Question 53.
A _______ is a collection of wires used for communication between the internal components of a computer.
a) driver
b) microprocessor
c) cable
d) bus
Answer:
d) bus

Question 54.
The _______ bus; is used to point a memory location.
a) data
b) address
c) both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
b) address

Question 55.
A digital circuit is used to point to the specific memory location where the word can be located is called a _______.
a) decoder
b) encoder
c) locator
d) pointer
Answer:
a) decoder

Question 56.
A _______ bus is used to transfer data between the memory and the CPU.
a) address
b) data
c) instruction
d) word
Answer:
b) data

Question 57.
The _______ bus is bidirectional.
a) address
b) data
c) instruction
d) control
Answer:
b) data

Question 58.
The _______ bus is unidirectional.
a) address
b) data
c) instruction
d) control
Answer:
a) address

Question 59.
The _______ bus controls both read and write operations.
a) address
b) data
c) instruction
d) control
Answer:
d) control

Question 60.
The _________ operation fetches data from memory and transfers to MDR.
a) write
b) read
c) input/output
d) none of these
Answer:
b) read

Question 61.
The _______ operation transfers data from the MDR to memory.
a) write
b) read
c) input/output
d) none of these
Answer:
a) write

Question 62.
The word in the _______ has the same size (no. of bits) as the Memory Data Register (MDR).
a) ROM
b) RAM
c) Either A or B
d) None of these
Answer:
b) RAM

Question 63.
If the processor is an 8-bit processor like Intel 8085, its MDR and the word in the RAM both have _______.
a) 4 bits each
b) 8 bits
c) 16 bits
d) None of these
Answer:
b) 8 bits

Question 64.
The microprocessors can be classified based on the _______ criteria.
a) width of data that can be processed
b) instruction set
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 65.
_______ is one of the microprocessors classifications.
a) 8/16 bit microprocessor
b) 32 bit microprocessor
c) 64 bit microprocessor
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 66.
_______ is classification of Microprocessors based on Instruction Set.
a) RISC
b) CISC
c) both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) both A and B

Question 67.
RISC stands for _______.
a) Random Instruction Set Computers
b) Rich Instruction Set Computers
c) Reduced Instruction Sequence Computers
d) Reduced Instruction Set Computers
Answer:
d) Reduced Instruction Set Computers

Question 68.
CISC stands for _______.
a) Complex Instruction Set Computers
b) Compulsory Instruction Set Computers
c) Common Instruction Sequence Computers
d) Critical Instruction Set Computers
Answer:
a) Complex Instruction Set Computers

Question 69.
Identify the True statement from the following.
a) RISC processor have a small set of highly optimized instructions.
b) Computers supporting CISC can accomplish a wide variety of tasks, making them deal for personal computers.
c) Computer memory is the storage space in the computer, where data and instructions are stored)
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 70.
_______ is a RISC processor.
a) Pentium IV
b) Intel P6 and AMD K6
c) K7
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 71.
_______ is a CISC processor.
a) Intel 386 & 486
b) Pentium II and III
c) Motorola 68000
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 72.
A _______ is just like a human brain.
a) memory
b) processor
c) bus
d) none of these
Answer:
a) memory

Question 73.
_______ is used to store data and instructions.
a) memory
b) processor
c) bus
d) none of these
Answer:
a) memory

Question 74.
There are _______ types of accessing methods to access the memory.
a) four
b) three
c) two
d) none of these
Answer:
c) two

Question 75.
_______ is the memory operation.
a) read
b) write
c) read and write
d) none of these
Answer:
c) read and write

Question 76.
_______ is a memory accessing method.
a) sequential
b) random
c) both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) both A and B

Question 77.
In _______ access, the memory is accessed in an orderly manner from starting to end.
a) sequential
b) random
c) both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
a) sequential

Question 78.
In _______ access, any byte of memory can be accessed directly without navigating through previous bytes.
a) sequential
b) random
c) both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
b) random

Question 79.
The main memory is otherwise called .
a) ROM
b) RAM
c) storage device
d) None of these
Answer:
b) RAM

Question 80.
RAM is available in computers in the form of _______.
a) integrated circuits
b) internal circuits
c) information circuits
d) none of these
Answer:
a) integrated circuits

Question 81.
The Operating System, Application Programs and the data in current use are kept in _______.
a) ROM
b) EPROM
c) DVD
d) RAM
Answer:
d) RAM

Question 82.
The processor can access data and program available in _______.
a) ROM
b) EPROM
c) DVD
d) RAM
Answer:
d) RAM

Question 83.
The smallest unit of information that can be stored in the memory is called as a _______.
a) Byte
b) Bit
c) Nibble
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Bit

Question 84.
The memory can be accessed by a collection of 8 bits which is called as a _______.
a) Byte
b) Bit
c) Nibble
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Byte

Question 85.
1 megabyte of memory, then it can store _______ characters.
a) 10,48,576
b) 12,48,576
c) 10,24,576
d) 10,48,286
Answer:
a) 10,48,576

Question 86.
1 megabyte of memory, then it can store _______ of information.
a) 10,48,576 bytes
b) 10,48,576 bits
c) 10,24,576 bytes
d) 10,48,286 bytes
Answer:
a) 10,48,576 bytes

Question 87.
_________ is a volatile memory.
a) ROM
b) EPROM
c) RAM
d) CD-ROM
Answer:
c) RAM

Question 88.
The information stored in _______ is not permanent.
a) ROM
b) EPROM
c) RAM
d) CD-ROM
Answer:
c) RAM

Question 89.
As soon as the power is turned off, whatever data that resides in _______ is lost.
a) ROM
b) EPROM
c) RAM
d) CD-ROM
Answer:
c) RAM

Question 90.
_______ allows both read and write operations.
a) ROM
b) RAM
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
b) RAM

Question 91.
There are _______ basic types of RAM.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) More than 4
Answer:
a) 2

Question 92.
_______ is a type of RAM.
a) SRAM
b) DRAM
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 93.
SRAM means _______.
a) Static RAM
b) Simple RAM
c) Serial RAM
d) Sensitive RAM
Answer:
a) Static RAM

Question 94.
DRAM means _______.
a) Dynamic RAM
b) Dual RAM
c) Digital RAM
d) Discrete RAM
Answer:
a) Dynamic RAM

Question 95.
_______ RAM being a common type needs to be refreshed frequently.
a) SRAM
b) DRAM
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
b) DRAM

Question 96.
_______ RAM needs to be refreshed less often, which makes it faster.
a) SRAM
b) DRAM
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
a) SRAM

Question 97.
_______ RAM is more expensive.
a) SRAM
b) DRAM
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
a) SRAM

Question 98.
_______ memory in a computer with pre-recorded data at manufacturing time which cannot be modified.
a) ROM
b) EPROM
c) RAM
d) CD-ROM
Answer:
a) ROM

Question 99.
The stored programs that start the computer and perform diagnostics are available in _______.
a) ROM
b) EPROM
c) RAM
d) CD-ROM
Answer:
a) ROM

Question 100.
_________ stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer.
a) ROM
b) EPROM
c) RAM
d) CD-ROM
Answer:
a) ROM

Question 101.
_______ retains its contents even when the computer is turned off.
a) ROM
b) RAM
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
a) ROM

Question 102.
_______ is called as a non-volatile memory.
a) ROM
b) RAM
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
a) ROM

Question 103.
_______ is manufactured as a blank memory.
a) ROM
b) PROM
c) both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
b) PROM

Question 104.
_______ is programmed during the manufacturing process itself.
a) ROM
b) EPROM
C) RAM
d) CD-ROM
Answer:
a) ROM

Question 105.
_______ is used to write data to a PROM chip.
a) PROM programmer
b) PROM burner
d) None of these
Answer:
c) A or B

Question 106.
The process of programming a PROM is called _______ the PROM.
a) writing
b) storing
c) recording
d) burning
Answer:
d) burning

Question 107.
_______ serves as a PROM, but the content can be erased using ultraviolet rays.
a) EPROM
b) RAM
c) CD-ROM
d) None of these
Answer:
a) EPROM

Question 108.
_______ retains its contents until it is exposed to ultraviolet light.
a) EPROM
b) RAM
c) CD-ROM
d) None of these
Answer:
a) EPROM

Question 109.
_______ is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge.
a) EPROM
b) RAM
c) EEPROM
d) None of these
Answer:
c) EEPROM

Question 110.
Comparing with all other types of ROM, _______ is slower in performance.
a) EPROM
b) RAM
c) EEPROM
d) None of these
Answer:
c) EEPROM

Question 111.
The _______ memory is a very high speed.
a) EPROM
b) RAM
c) EEPROM
d) Cache
Answer:
d) Cache

Question 112.
The _______ memory is an expensive memory.
a) EPROM
b) RAM
c) EEPROM
d) Cache
Answer:
d) Cache

Question 113.
________ memory is used to speed up the memory retrieval process.
a) ROM
b) RAM
c) DVD
d) Cache
Answer:
d) Cache

Question 114.
________ memory helps to achieve the fast response time.
a) ROM
b) RAM
c) DVD
d) Cache
Answer:
d) Cache

Question 115.
________ refers to how quickly the memory can respond to a read / write request.
a) Access time
b) Fetch time
c) Execute time
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Access time

Question 116.
________ memory is expensive and volatile.
a) Main memory
b) Secondary memory
c) Axillary memory
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Main memory

Question 117.
To store data and programs permanently, _______ devices are used.
a) Main memory
b) Secondary storage
c) ROM
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Secondary storage

Question 118.
_______ devices serve as a supportive storage to main memory.
a) ROM
b) Secondary storage
c) printing
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Secondary storage

Question 119.
________ devices are non-volatile in nature.
a) Main memory
b) Secondary storage
c) Cache memory
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Secondary storage

Question 120.
________ device is also called as Backup storage.
a) Main memory
b) Secondary storage
c) Cache memory
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Secondary storage

Question 121.
_______ is a magnetic disk on which you can store data.
a) Hard disk
b) CD-ROM
c) RAM
d) All the above
Answer:
a) Hard disk

Question 122.
The _______ has the stacked arrangement of disks accessed by a pair of heads for each of the disks.
a) Hard disk
b) CD-ROM
c) RAM
d) All the above
Answer:
a) Hard disk

Question 123.
The _______ come with a single or double sided disk.
a) Hard disk
b) CD-ROM
c) RAM
d) All the above.
Answer:
a) Hard disk

Question 124.
CD-ROM is made from _______ millimeters thick, polycarbonate plastic material.
a) 1.2
b) 1.4
c) 0.2
d) None of these
Answer:
a) 1.2

Question 125.
CD data is represented as tiny indentations known as _______.
a) pixels
b) bits
c) block
d) pics
Answer:
d) pics

Question 126.
The areas between pits are known as _______.
a) fields
b) rings
c) blocks
d) lands
Answer:
d) lands

Question 127.
The capacity of an ordinary CD – ROM is _______ MB.
a) 720
b) 700
c) 320
d) 640
Answer:
b) 700

Question 128.
DVDstands for _______.
a) Digital Versatile Disc
b) Digital Video Disc
c) Digital Virtual Disc
d) Either A or B
Answer:
a) Digital Versatile Disc

Question 129.
________ are often used to store movies at a better quality.
a) Hard disk
b) DVD
c) Floppy
d) All the above
Answer:
b) DVD

Question 130.
________ are read with a laser.
a) CD
b) DVD
c) RAM
d) both A and
Answer:
d) both A and

Question 131.
The DVD can have _______ of data per side.
a) one or two sides
b) one or two layers
c) both A or B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) both A or B

Question 132.
The _______ determines how much it can hold in a DVD.
a) number of sides
b) layers
c) number of sides and layers
d) None of these
Answer:
c) number of sides and layers

Question 133.
A 12 cm diameter DVD with single sided, single layer has _______ GB capacity.
a) 4.7
b) 8.5
c) Either A or B
d) None of these
Answer:
a) 4.7

Question 134.
A 12 cm diameter DVD with single sided, double layer has _______ GB capacity.
a) 4.7
b) 8.5
c) Either A or B
d) None of these
Answer:
b) 8.5

Question 135.
The 8 cm DVD has _______ GB capacity.
a) 4.7
b) 8.5
c) 1.5
d) None of these
Answer:
c) 1.5

Question 136.
The capacity of a DVD-ROM can be visually determined by noting the number of _______ of the disc.
a) data sides
b) concentric rings
c) Either A or B
d) None of these
Answer:
a) data sides

Question 137.
DVDs with Double-layered sides are usually _______ coloured.
a) silver
b) gray
c) blue
d) gold
Answer:
d) gold

Question 138.
DVDs with Single-layered sides are usually _______ coloured.
a) silver
b) gray
c) blue
d) gold
Answer:
a) silver

Question 139.
_______ memory is an electronic non-volatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
a) RAM
b) ROM
c) Flash
d) DVD
Answer:
c) Flash

Question 140.
Flash memory is _______.
a) EEPROM
b) EPROM
c) Either EEPROM or EPROM
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Either EEPROM or EPROM

Question 141.
Example for Flash memory is _______.
a) pendrives
b) memory cards
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 142.
Flash memories can be used in _______.
a) Personal Computers and Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
b) digital audio players and digital cameras
c) mobile phones
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 143.
Flash memory offers fast _______.
a) access time
b) evaluation time
c) completion time
d) None of these
Answer:
a) access time

Question 144.
The time taken to read or write a character in memory is called _______.
a) access time
b) evaluation time
c) completion time
d) None of these
Answer:
c) completion time

Question 145.
The capacity of the flash memories vary from _______.
a) 1GB to 2 TB
b) 1 GB to 4 TB
c) 1 MB to 2 MB
d) 1 MB to 2 GB
Answer:
a) 1GB to 2 TB

Question 146.
_______ disc is a high-density optical disc similar to DVD.
a) Hard
b) Floppy
c) Blu-Ray
d) All the above
Answer:
c) Blu-Ray

Question 147.
Blu-Ray is the type of disc used for _______.
a) Play Station games
b) Playing High-Definition (HD) movies.
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 148.
A double-layer Blu-Ray disc can store up to _______ GB of data.
a) 150
b) 50
c) 100
d) 5
Answer:
b) 50

Question 149.
A double-layer Blu-Ray disc can store more than ________ times the capacity of a DVD.
a) 5
b) 15
c) 70
d) 72
Answer:
a) 5

Question 150.
A double-layer Blu-Ray disc can store more than _______ times the capacity of a CD.
a) 5
b) 15
c) 70
d) 72
Answer:
c) 70

Question 151.
The Blu-Ray disc format was developed to enable _______ of high-definition video.
a) recording
b) rewriting
c) playback
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 152.
The _______ format was developed for storing large amount of data.
a) Bly-Ray disc
b) Flash memory
c) CD
d) All the above
Answer:
a) Bly-Ray disc

Question 153.
_______ uses a red laser to read and write data.
a) Blu-Ray disc
b) Flash memory
c) DVD
d) None of these
Answer:
c) DVD

Question 154.
________ uses a biue-violet laser to write.
a) Blu-Ray disc
b) Flash memory
c) DVD
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Blu-Ray disc

Question 155.
The external devices can be connected to the _______.
a) ports
b) interfaces
c) ports and interfaces
d) none of these
Answer:
c) ports and interfaces

Question 156.
_______ is used to connect the external devices, found in old computers.
a) Serial port
b) USB port
c) Parallel port
d) Either A or B or C
Answer:
a) Serial port

Question 157.
_______ is used to connect the printers, found in old computers.
a) Serial port
b) USB port
c) Parallel port
d) Either A or B or C
Answer:
c) Parallel port

Question 158.
_______ is used to connect external devices like cameras, scanners, mobile phones, external hard disks and printers to the computer.
a) Serial port
b) USB port
c) Parallel port
d) Either A or B or C
Answer:
b) USB port

Question 159.
USB means _______.
a) Universal Serial Bus
b) Unique Serial Bus
c) Universal Serial Board
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Universal Serial Bus

Question 160.
_______ is the third major version of the Universal Serial Bus standdiu.
a) USB 0.3
b) USB 3.0
c) USB 3.3
d) USB 0.33
Answer:
b) USB 3.0

Question 161.
USB 3.0 can transfer data up to _______ Giga byte/second.
a) 3
b) 3.5
c) 5.3
d) 5
Answer:
d) 5

Question 162.
Recently released USB version is _______.
a) USB 3.1
b) USB 3.2
c) USB 3.3
d) Both A and B
Answer:
d) Both A and B

Question 163.
_____ is used to connect a monitor or any display device like LCD projector.
a) GVA Connector
b) AGV connector
c) VGA Connector
d) None of these
Answer:
c) VGA Connector

Question 164.
_______ is used to connect sound speakers, microphone and headphones.
a) VGA connector
b) Audio Plugs
c) SCSI port
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Audio Plugs

Question 165.
_______ is used to connect mouse and keyboard to PC.
a) VGA connector
b) Audio Plugs
c) SCSI port
d) PS/2 Port
Answer:
d) PS/2 Port

Question 166.
_______ is used to connect the hard disk drives and network connectors.
a) VGA connector
b) Audio Plugs
c) SCSI port
d) PS/2 Port
Answer:
c) SCSI port

Question 167.
HDMI means _______.
a) High Definition Multimedia Interleave
b) High Definition Multipurpose Interface
c) High Definition Multitech Interface
d) High Definition Multimedia Interface
Answer:
d) High Definition Multimedia Interface

Question 168.
_________ is an audio/videc interface.
a) HDMI
b) VGA connector
c) SCSI port
d) None of these
Answer:
a) HDMI

Question 169.
_______ transfers the uncompressed video and audio data from a video controller, to a compatible computer monitor, LCD projector, digital television etc.
a) HDMI
b) VGA connector
c) SCSI port
d) None of these
Answer:
a) HDMI

Question 170.
________ is an American multinational corporation and technology company involving in hardware manufacturing, especially mother board and processors.
a) Microsoft
b) Intel Corporation
c) Sun Micro System
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Intel Corporation

Question 171.
_______ means moving data from one component to another.
a) Data transfer
b) Data migration
c) Data Mitigation
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Data transfer

Question 172.
Match the following:
A. Logical operator – (1) Mother board
B. Computer Hardware – (2) Speaker
C. Catch memory – (3) NOT
D. Output device – (4) High Speed
a) 1, 2, 3, 4
b) 3, 1, 4, 2
c) 4, 2, 1, 2
d) 3, 1, 2, 4
Answer:
b) 3, 1, 4, 2

Part – II

Short Answers

Question 1.
Write note on computer organization.
Answer:
Computer organization deals with the hardware components of a computer system. It is concerned with how the various components of computer hardware operate.

Question 2.
Write note on computer architecture.
Answer:
The computer architecture deals with the engineering considerations involved in designing a computer.

Question 3.
What is Microprocessor?
Answer:
The microprocessor is a programmable multipurpose silicon chip. It is driven by clock pulses. It accepts input as a binary data and after processing, it provides the output data as per the instructions stored in the memory.

Question 4.
What is “bass”?
Answer:
Sound waves close to 20 Hz have a low pitch and are called “bass” frequencies.

Question 5.
What is “treble”?
Answer:
Sound waves above 5,000 Hz have a high pitch and are called “treble” frequencies.

Question 6.
Write note on Hertz.
Answer:
The hertz can be used to measure wave frequencies. It is also used to measure the speed of computer processors.

Question 7.
What is the use of internal clock?
Answer:
Every microprocessor has an internal clock that regulates the speed at which it executes instructions.

Question 8.
What is clock speed? How it is measured?
Answer:
The speed at which the microprocessor executes instructions is called the clock speed. Clock speed is measured in MHz.

Question 9.
What is an instruction?
Answer:
A command which is given to a computer to perform an operation on data is called an instruction.

Question 10.
What is an instruction set?
Answer:
Basic set of machine level instructions that a microprocessor is designed to execute is called as an instruction set.

Question 11.
What are the various operation carried out by instruction set?
Answer:
The instruction set carries out the following types of operations:

1. Data transfer
2. Arithmetic operations
3. Logical operations
4. Control flow
5. Input/output

Question 12.
Define Word Size.
Answer:
The number of bits that can be processed by a processor in a single instruction is called its word size.

Question 13.
Write note on first commercial microprocessor.
Answer:
The first commercial microprocessor, Intel 4004 is a 4 bit processor. It has 4 input pins and 4 output pins. It can process 4 bits at a time. So it is called as a 4 bit processor.

Question 14.
What is the function of Memory Data Register?
Answer:
The Memory Data Register (MDR) keeps the data which is transferred between the Memory and the CPU.

Question 15.
Write note on program counter.
Answer:
The Program Counter (PC) is a special register in the CPU which always keeps the address of the next instruction to be executed.

Question 16.
What is a bus?
Answer:
A bus is a collection of wires used for communication between the internal components of a computer.

Question 17.
What is the function of address bus?
Answer:
The address bus is used to point a memory location. The address bus is unidirectional.

Question 18.
What is the function of decoder?
Answer:
It is a digital circuit is used to point to the specific memory location where the word can be located.

Question 19.
What is the function of a data bus?
Answer:
A data bus is used to transfer data between the memory and the CPU. The data bus is bidirectional.

Question 20.
What is function of a control bus?
Answer:
The control bus controls both read and write operations. The read operation fetches data from memory and transfers to MDR. The write operation transfers data from the MDR to memory.

Question 21.
Draw diagram to represent Bus connectivity between CPU and Memory..
Answer:
Bus connectivity between CPU and Memory

Question 22.
What is read operation?
Answer:
The read operation transfers the data(bits) from word to Memory Data Register.

Question 23.
What is write operation?
Answer:
The write operation transfers the data (bits) from Memory Data Register to word.

Question 24.
What are the criteria to classify the microprocessor?
Answer:
Microprocessors can be classified based on the following criteria:

The width of data that can be processed.
The instruction set.

Question 25.
What is computer memory?
Answer:
Computer memory is the storage space in the computer, where data and instructions are stored.

Question 26.
What is silicon chip?
Answer:
Silicon chip is an integrated set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece of semiconductor material, silicon.

Question 27.
What are the types of RAM?
Answer:
RAM types are –

Static RAM
Dynamic RAM

Question 28.
Write note on SRAM.
Answer:
Static RAM needs to be refreshed less often, which makes it faster. Hence, Static RAM is more expensive than Dynamic RAM.

Question 29.
Write note on DRAM.
Answer:
Dynamic RAM being a common type needs to be refreshed frequently. Less expensive than the SRAM.

Question 30.
What programs are stored in ROM?
Answer:
ROM stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer.

Question 31.
What are the characteristics of ROM?
Answer:
Once the data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be modified or removed and can only be read. ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off.

Question 32.
Write short note on PROM.
Answer:
Programmable read only memory is also a non-volatile memory on which data can be written only once. Once a program has been written onto a PROM, it remains there forever.

Question 33.
What is the difference between ROM and PROM?
Answer:
PROM is manufactured as a blank memory, whereas a ROM is programmed during the manufacturing process itself.

Question 34.
What is the use of PROM burner?
Answer:
PROM programmer or a PROM burner is used to write data to a PROM chip.

Question 35.
What do yo mean by burning the PROM?
Answer:
The process of programming a PROM is called burning the PROM.

Question 35.
Write note on EPROM.
Answer:
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory is a special type of memory which serves as a PROM, but the content can be erased using ultraviolet rays. EPROM retains its contents until it is exposed to ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light clears its contents, making it possible to reprogram the memory.

Question 36.
Write note on EEPROM.
Answer:
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge. EEPROM is slower in performance.

Question 37.
Write about cache memory.
Answer:
The cache memory is a very high speed and expensive memory, which is used to speed up the memory retrieval process.

Question 38.
What is access time?
Answer:
It refers to how quickly the memory can respond to a read / write request.

Question 39.
Draw a diagram to indicate the arrangement of cache memory between the CPU and the main memory.
Answer:
Cache Memory Arrangement

Question 40.
What is the purpose of using secondary storage devices?
Answer:
To store data and programs permanently, secondary storage devices are used.

Question 41.
Write about Hard disk.
Answer:
Hard disk is a magnetic disk on which you can store data. The hard disk has the stacked arrangement of disks accessed by a pair of heads for each of the disks. The hard disks come with a single or double sided disk.

Question 42.
Write note on serial port.
Answer:
Serial Port : To connect the external devices, found in old computers.

Question 43.
Write note on parallel port.
Answer:
Parallel Port: To connect the printers, found in old computers.

Question 44.
Write note on VGA Connector.
Answer:
VGA Connector: To connect a monitor or any display device like LCD projector.

Question 45.
Write about Audio Plugs.
Answer:
Audio Plugs: To connect sound speakers, microphone and headphones.

Question 46.
Write about PS/2 port.
Answer:
PS/2 Port: To connect mouse and keyboard to PC.

Question 47.
Write about SCSI port.
Answer:
SCSI Port: To connect the hard disk drives and network connectors.

Question 48.
Justify the name of Blu-Ray disc.
Answer:
Blu-ray uses a blue-violet laser to write. Hence, it is called as Blu-Ray.

Question 49.
How external devices are connected to the CPU?
Answer:
The external devices can be connected to the ports and interfaces.

Part – III

Explain In Brief

Question 1.
Explain Microprocessor units.
Answer:
The microprocessor is made up of 3 main units.

They are:

1. Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU) : To perform arithmetic and logical instructions based on computer instructions.
2. Control unit: To control the overall operations of the computer through signals.
3. Registers (Internal Memory) : They are used to hold the instruction and data for the execution of the processor.

Question 2.
Explain how Microprocessor interconnecting with other devices.
Answer:
The microprocessor is able to communicate with the memory units and the Input / Output devices as shown in the following Figure.

The system bus is a bunch of wires which is the ‘ collection of address bus, data bus and control bus that serves as communication channels between the Microprocessor and other devices.

Question 3.
Draw diagram to represent the content of MDR and the word after the READ operation.
Answer:

Question 4.
What are the memory access methods?
Answer:
The memory access methods are –

1. Sequential Access : The memory is accessed in an orderly manner from starting to end.
2. Random Access : Any byte of memory can be accessed directly without navigating through previous bytes.

Question 5.
Write note on Main Memory.
Answer:
The main memory is otherwise called as Random Access Memory. This is available in computers in the form of Integrated Circuits (ICs). It is the place in a computer where the Operating System, Application Programs and the data in current use are kept temporarily so that they can be accessed by the computer’s processor.

RAM is a volatile memory, which means that the information stored in it is not permanent. As soon as the power is turned off, whatever data that resides in RAM is lost. It allows both read and write operations.

Question 6.
Compare Bit and Byte.
Answer:

1. Bit: The smallest unit of information that can be stored in the memory is called as a bit. 0 or 1 represents a bit. Bit stands for Binary Digit.
2. Byte: The memory can be accessed by a collection of 8 bits which is called as a byte.

Question 7.
What is the impact of a cache memory?
Answer:
Without cache memory, every time the CPU requests the data, it has to be fetched from the main memory which will consume more time. The idea of Introducing a cache is that, this extremely fast memory would store data that is frequently accessed and if possible, the data that is closer to it. This helps to achieve the fast response time.

Question 8.
Write about USB port.
Answer:
USB Ports: To connect external devices like cameras, scanners, mobile phones, external hard disks and printers to the computer. USB 3.0 is the third major version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard to connect computers with other electronic gadgets. USB 3.0 can transfer data up to 5 Giga byte/second. USB 3.1 and USB 3.2 are also released.

Question 9.
Explain about HDMX.
Answer:
High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) – High-Definition Multimedia Interface is an audio/ video interface which transfers the uncompressed video and audio data from a video controller, to a compatible computer monitor, LCD projector, digital television etc.

Question 10.
Draw the diagram of Ports and Interfaces.
Answer:

Part – IV

Explain In Detail

Question 1.
Explain CD-ROM and DVD-ROM.
Answer:
CD-ROM :
A CD or CD-ROM is made from 1.2 millimeters thick, polycarbonate plastic material. A thin layer of aluminum or gold is applied to the surface. CD data is represented as tiny indentations known as “pits”, encoded in a spiral track moulded into the top of the polycarbonate layer. The areas between pits are known as “lands”. A motor within the CD player rotates the disk. The capacity of an ordinary CD- ROM is 700MB.

DVD-ROM :
A DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) is an optical disc capable of storing up to 4.7 GB of data, more than six times what a CD can hold. DVDs are often used to store movies at a better quality. Like CDs, DVDs are read with a laser.

The disc can have one or two sides, and one or two layers of data per side; the number of sides and layers determines how much it can hold. A 12 cm diameter disc with single sided, single layer has 4.7 GB capacity, whereas the single sided, double layer has 8.5 GB capacity. The 8 cm DVD has 1.5 GB capacity.

The capacity of a DVD-ROM can be visually determined by noting the number of data sides of the disc. Double-layered sides are usually gold – coloured, while single-layered sides are usually silver-coloured, like a CD.

Question 2.
Explain Flash memory in detail.
Answer:
Flash memory is an electronic (solid-state) non-volatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. They are either EEPROM or EPROM. Examples for Flash memories are pendrives, memory cards etc.

Flash memories can be used in personal computers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), digital audio players, digital cameras and mobile phones. Flash memory offers fast access times.

The time taken to read or write a character in memory is called access time. The capacity of the flash memories vary from 1 Gigabytes (GB) to 2 Terabytes (TB).

A sample of flash memory:

Question 3.
Explain briefly about Blu-Ray disc.
Answer:
Blu-Ray Disc is a high-density optical disc similar to DVD. Blu-ray is the type of disc used for PlayStation games and for playing High-Definition (HD) movies. A double-layer Blu-Ray disc can store up to 50GB (gigabytes) of data. This is more than 5 times the capacity of a DVD, and above 70 times of a CD.

The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video, as well as storing large amount of data. DVD uses a red laser to read and write data. But, Blu-ray uses a blue-violet laser to write. Hence, it is called as Blu-Ray.