Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf History Term 1 Chapter 1 Sources of Medieval India Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.
Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions History Term 3 Chapter 3 Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika Philosophy in Tamil Nadu
7th Social Science Guide Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika Philosophy in Tamil Nadu Text Book Back Questions and Answers
I. Choose the correct answer:
Question 1.
Where was the first Jain Council held to codify the Jaina canon?
a) Pataliputra
b) Vallabhi
c) Mathura
d) Kanchipuram
Answer:
a) Pataliputra
Question 2.
In which language was Agama sutras written?
a) Ardha-Magadhi Prakrit
b) Hindi
c) Sanskrit
d) Pali
Answer:
a) Ardha-Magadhi Prakrit
Question 3.
Which of the following was patronised by the Kalabhras?
a) Buddhism
b) Jainism
c)Ajivikas
d) Hinduism
Answer:
b) Jainism
Question 4.
Where are the Rock beds found with no head-rests?
a) Vellore
b) Kanchipuram
c) Sittanavasal
d) Madurai
Answer:
a) Vellore
Question 5.
Who is believed to have built the Kazhugumalai Rock-Cut Temple?
a) Mahendra Varman
b) Parantaka Nedunchadayan
c) Parantaka Veera Narayana Pandyan
d) Harihara II
Answer:
b) Parantaka Nedunchadayan
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. The image of………………. is considered to be the tallest Jain image in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Neminatha
2. Buddhacarita was written by……………….
Answer:
Asvaghosa
3. Chinese traveller Huein Tsang visited Pallava country in ……………….century.
Answer:
7th
4. ……………….describes Buddhism as a religion in decay.
Answer:
Mattavilasa prahasana
5. The Mauryan emperor Asoka and his grandson Dasaratha patronised……………….
Answer:
Ajivikas
III. Match the following:
| A | B |
| 1. Kalpa sutra | a) Tiruthakkathevar |
| 2. Jivaka Chintamani | b) Madurai |
| 3. Neminatha | c) Nagasena |
| 4. Milinda Panha | d) Bhadrabahu |
| 5. Kizha Kuyil Kudi | e) 22ndTirthankara |
Answer:
| A | B |
| 1. Kalpa sutra | d) Bhadrabahu |
| 2. Jivaka Chintamani | a) Tiruthakkathevar |
| 3. Neminatha | e) 22ndTirthankara |
| 4. Milinda Panha | c) Nagasena |
| 5. Kizha Kuyil Kudi | b) Madurai |
IV. Answer the following:
Question 1.
Find out the odd one
Tiruparuttikunram, Kizha Kuyil Kudi, Kazhugumalai, Nagapattinum, Sittanavasal.
Answer:
Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Gautama found that he had nothing to learn from the teachers of the old religions. Reason (R) : The religions proclaimed that the only way to salvation was through living the life of an ascetic.
a) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A.
b) A is correct. R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) Both A and R are wrong.
d) A is wrong. But R is correct.
Answer:
a) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 3.
Find out the correct statement/s
i) During the 6th century B.C. as many as 62 religious schools flourished in India.
ii) ‘Palli’is an educational centre of Buddhists.
iii) Royal patronage allowed pre-Muslim India to become a land of vihars.
iv) The Ajivikas continued to exist till 15th century.
a) i) and iii) are correct
b) i), ii) and iv) are correct
c) i) and ii) are correct
d) ii), iii) and iv) are correct
Answer:
a) i) and iii) are correct
Question 4.
Find out the wrong pair/s
1. Parshvanatha – 22nd Tirthankara
2. Mahabhasya – the Ceylonese Chroniclei
3. Visuddhimagga – Buddhagosha
4. Buddha – Eight-fold Path
Answer:
1. Parshvanatha – 22nd Tirthankara
2. Mahabhasya – the Ceylonese Chroniclei
V. True or False:
1. The 12th Agama Sutra is said to have been lost.
Answer:
True
2. Throughout history, Ajivikas had to face persecution everywhere.
Answer:
True
3. Education was imparted in institutions of Jains irrespective of caste and creed.
Answer:
True
4. Nalanda, Taxila and Vikramashila gained reputation as pilgrim centres.
Answer:
False
5. Buddhism faced challenges from Saiva and Vaishnava sects from the Chola period onwards.
Answer:
False
VI. Answer the following:
Question 1.
Make a list of the Five Great Vows of Jainism.
Answer:
- Non-violence – Ahimsa
- Truth – Satya
- Non-stealing – Acharya
- Celibacy/Chastity – Brahmacharya
- Non-possession – Aparigraha
Question 2.
What are the four noble truths of Buddha?
Answer:
- Life includes pain, getting the old, disease, and ultimately death.
- Suffering is caused by craving and aversion.
- Suffering can be overcome and happiness attained.
- True happiness and contentment are possible if one pursues the eight-fold path.
Question 3.
Explain the three divisions of Tripitaka.
Answer:
- Vinaya Pitaka contains the rules of the order of Buddhist monks, which must be observed for achieving purity of conduct.
- Sutta Pitaka lays down the principles of religion by citing discourses as evidence.
- Abhidhamma Pitaka is the latest in the Tripitaka. It deals with ethics, philosophy, and metaphysics.
Question 4.
Highlight the importance of Sittanavasal.
Answer:
- Sittanavasal cave in Pudukkottai district is located on a prominent rock that stands 70 m above the ground.
- It has a natural cavern, known as Eladipattam, at one end, and a rock-cut cave temple at the other.
- Behind the fenced cavern,there are 17 rock beds marked on the floor.
- The largest of these ascetic beds contains a Tamil-Brahmi inscription that dates to the 2nd century B.C.
VII. Answer in detail:
Question 1.
Enumerate the sources of study for Jainism and Buddhism
Answer:
Sources and Literature: Jainism:
- Agama Sutras consists of many sacred books of the Jain religion.
- They have been written in the Ardha-magadhi Prakrit language.
- Stories of Kalpasutra of Bhadrabah, Panchatantra.
- The Jainacharitha of Kalpa Sutra, Jivaka Chintamani, a Tamil epic poem.
- These are written by Jain Monk.
Temples and Cave temples of Jainism:
- Sittanavasal cave in Pudukkottai district-Rock Beds,The stone berths, ascetic beds.
- Jain temples in Kanchipuram are Trilokyanatha.
- Jinaswamy Temple at Tiruparutti kunram
- The Chandra Prabha temple dedicated to the Tirthankara named Chandraprabha.
- Kazhugumalai Jain Rock-Cut Temple. Areas are Vellore, Tirumala, Arai, Madurai.
Buddhist Literature:
Tripitaka was written in the Pali language.
Literary works in Buddhism include:
- Jatakas
- Buddhavamsa
- Milindapanha-which means questions of Milinda’.
- The two’ famous Ceylonese chronicles are
- Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa.
- Buddhagosha’s Visuddhimagga is work.
- Buddhacharita, written by Asvaghosa.
Question 2.
Give an account of relics of Jainism and Buddhism that have come to light in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Relics of Jainism:
- Sittanavasl cave in Pudukkottai district. It consists of Rock Beds, stone berths, ascetic beds.
- The largest of these ascetic beds contains a Tamil-Brahmi inscription.
- Arivar Koil was built during the period of pandas.
- Jain Temples in Kanchipuram, Thirupattikunram.
- Kazhugumalai temple rock-cut temple.
- The beds are found at the Bhairavamalai in Latheri, Katpadi taluk, Vellore district.
- Tirumala is a Jain temple in a cave complex located near Aranitown.
- There are 26 caves, 200 stone beds, 60 inscriptions, and over 100 sculptures in and around Madurai.
Relics of Buddhism:
- The discovery of 13th century Buddhist bronzes in Nagapattinam.
- The sculptures of Buddha inThiyaganur village in Salem district.
- The evidence in support of this is some monuments of the Pandya country, which are assigned to the 3rd century B.C. (BCE).
- Excavations of Buddhist Vihara and a temple at Kaveripoompattinam.
- Buddha statue in padmasana’ pose in remote Tirunattiyattankudi village in Tiruvarur district.
Question 3.
Discuss the essence of Ajivika philosophy and its presence in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
- The Ajivikas believed in the doctrine of karma, transmigration of the soul, and determinism.
- The head of the Ajivika sect was Gosala Makhaliputta.
- The Ajivikas practiced asceticism of a severe type.
- The Ajivika religious order and school of philosophy are known from the Vedic hymns, the Brahmanas, the Aryankas, and other ancient Sanskrit compilations and treatises of the pre-Jaina and pre-Buddhi stage.
Presence in TamilNadu:
- Ajivikas continued to have influence along the Palar river in the modem states of Karnataka and TamilNadu (Vellore, Kanchipuram, and Tiruvallur districts) till about the 14th century.
- In the end, they seemed to have been absorbed into Vaishnavism.
VIII. Hots:
Question 1.
Analyze the commonalities and differences between heterodox religions and Vedic religion.
Answer:
Heterodox religious and Vedic religion commonalities.
- Heterodox religious like. Buddhism and Jainism co-existence peacefully with various sects of Hinduism.
- All the religious doctrine and codified into texts to be followed by their devotees and practitioners.
- All the religions shared their key concepts.
| Heterodox Religious | Vedic Religion |
| No virtues and Practice | Rituals and practice had become elaborate and extensive |
| Ahimsa was preached | Animal Sacrifice existed. |
Question 2.
Why did these heterodox religions fail to become mainstream religion in India?
Answer:
- Though Buddhism faced challenges from Saiva and Vaishnava sects from the Pallava period onwards.
- Since the time of the Bhakthi Movement, Buddhism came to be challenged by its exponents.
- In the case of Jainism lack of patronage lack of efforts to spread the religion, Jain adopted many Hindu faiths.
- Jain’s stater of differentiating people in the name of caste and classes.
7th Social Science Guide Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika Philosophy in Tamil Nadu Additional Important Questions and Answers
I. Choose the Correct answer:
Question 1.
After two hundred years of Maveeran dead, Jain Scholars assembled at ……………………
a) Kosalam
b) Kovalam
c) Mauvnam
d) Pataliputra
Answer:
d) Pataliputra
Question 2.
Agama Sutras consists of many sacred books of the ……………………religion.
a) Hindu
b) Buddha
c) Jain
d) French
Answer:
c) Jain
Question 3.
The …………………… has a great amount of Jain influence.
a) Jivaka Sinthamani
b) Panchatantra
c) Thirukkural
d) Kalpa Sutram
Answer:
b) Panchatantra
Question 4.
……………………, a Tamil epic poem, is composed in Sangam literature
a) Naladiyar
b) Thirukkural
c)Nallaru
d) Jivaka Chintamani
Answer:
d) Jivaka Cintamani
Question 5.
It is believed that the …………………… were the patrons of Jainism.
a) Cheran
b) Cholan
c) Pandiyan
d) Kalabhras
Answer:
d) Kalabhras
Question 6.
Most of the Pallava rulers were ……………………
a) Hindu
b) Sikkism
c) Jain
d) Buddhism
Answer:
c) Jain
Question 7.
The …………………… century Kazhugumalai temple in Kovilpatti taluk marks the revival of Jainism.
a) 6th
b) 7th
c) 8th
d) 9th
Answer:
c) 8th
Question 8.
Jaina monasteries and temples also served as seats of ……………………
a) Monks
b) Yoga
c) Learning
d) Painting
Answer:
c) Learning
Question 9.
…………………… contains the rules of the order of Buddhist monks.
a) Vinaya Pitaka
b) Sutha Pitaka
c) Abhidhamma Pitaka
d) Buddha Pitaka
Answer:
a) Vinaya Pitaka
Question 10.
The two famous Ceylonese chronicles are …………………… and ……………………
a) Vinaya, Sutta
b) Mahavamsa, Dipavamsa
c) Buddha vamsa
d) Milindapanha
Answer:
b) Mahavamsa, Dipavamsa
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. Mahavira’s preaching was orally transmitted by his ……………………over the course of about one thousand years.
Answer:
disciples
2. In 1st century B.C., a major split occurred in Jainism namely …………………… and ……………………
Answer:
Digambaras, Svetambaras
3. Agama Sutras have been written in the …………………… Prakrit language.
Answer:
Ardha-magadhi
4. The …………………… of Kalpa Sutra is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain.
Answer:
Jainacharitha
5. Another scholarly work in Tamil, ……………………, is also attributed to a Jain monk.
Answer:
Naladiyar
6. Tamils broadly come under ……………………sect.
Answer:
Digambara
7. ……………………flourished during the Pallava reign.
Answer:
Jainism
8. ……………………on the banks of the river Palar.
Answer:
Trilokyanatha Janaswamy temple
9. ……………………in a cave complex located near Arani town in Tiruvannamalai district.
Answer:
Tirumala cave Jain temple
10. Buddha’s teachings for a long time were transmitted through the memory of …………………… and disciples.
Answer:
teachers
11. ……………………was various stories of the lives of the Buddha found in Buddhist literature.
Answer:
Jatakas
12. Buddhagosha’s …………………… is a later Work in Buddhist literature.
Answer:
Visuddhimagga
13. ……………………, the Chinese traveller, visited south India in the 7th century.
Answer:
Hieun Tsang
14. …………………… was a Buddist monk who skilled in tantric rituals.
Answer:
Vajrabodhi
15. …………………… gained a reputation as great educational centres of Buddist.
Answer:
Nalanda, Taxila, and Vikramshila
III. Match the following:
| A | B |
| 1. Agama Sutras | a) Both Male and Female Attendants |
| 2. Jain Temple | b) Visuddhimagga |
| 3. Yakshas and yakshis | c) karma, transmigration of the soul |
| 4. Buddhagosha | d) books of the Jain |
| 5. Ajivika Philosophy | e) Tiruparuttikunram2. |
Answer:
| A | B |
| 1. Agama Sutras | d) books of the Jain |
| 2. Jain Temple | e) Tiruparuttikunram2. |
| 3. Yakshas and yakshis | a) Both Male and Female Attendants |
| 4. Buddhagosha | b) Visuddhimagga |
| 5. Ajivika Philosophy | c) karma, transmigration of the soul |
IV. Answer the following:
Question 1.
Find out the odd one
Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka, Agama Sutras
Answer:
Question 2.
Assertion (A) : A Vihara in Sanskrit means ‘dwelling’ or ‘house’.
Reason (R) : Viharas were dwelling places used by wandering monks during the rainy season.
a) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A.
b) A is correct. R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) Both A and R are wrong.
d) A is wrong. But R is correct.
Answer:
a) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 3.
Find out the correct statement/s
1. Agama sutras have been written in the Artha – magathi prakrit language .
2. Jivaka Chinthamani, a Tamil epic poem is composed is the Tradition of sangam literature by Thiruthakkathevar.
3. The Archaeological survey of Tamilnadu took over the Sittanavasal caves.
4. Tirumala jain temple located in vellore District.
Answer:
1. Agama sutras have been written in the Artha – magathi prakrit language.
2. Jivaka Chinthamani, a Tamil epic poem is composed is the Tradition of sangam literature by Thiruthakkathevar.
V. True or False:
1. Bigha Nitaya is an ancient Buddhist tract and it has a religious school that flourished in India.
Answer:
True
2. There was eight popular pledges in Buddhism.
Answer:
False
3. There is a movement of the Jains from Karnataka to the Kongu region and the Kaveri Delta.
Answer:
True
4. According to 2011, the census of Buddist is 63,359.
Answer:
False
5. In Tamilnadu, Buddhism was spread from Srilanka.
Answer:
True
VI. Answer the following:
Question 1.
Define Jaina monasteries.
Answer:
- Jaina monasteries and temples also served as seats of learning.
- Education was imparted in these institutions to the people irrespective of caste and creed.
- The Bhairavamalai, Kukkara Palli is an educational centre of Jains.
Question 2.
Write a short note on Buddha Vamsa.
Answer:
- A legend in verse, containing a narration of the life and activities of the 24 Buddhas who are believed to have preceded Gautama.
- Most of the literature was written only in the Pali language.
Question 3.
Write a short note on Buddha Viharam.
Answer:
- A Vihara in Sanskrit means ‘dwelling’ or ‘house’.
- Originally, viharas were dwelling places used by wandering monks during the rainy season.
- Later they transformed into centres of learning through the donations of wealthy lay Buddhists.
Question 4.
What is the reason for the failure of Ajivika’s philosophy?
Answer:
- Village communities under Pallavas, Cholas, and Hoysalas imposed special taxes on them.
- Despite such obstacles, Ajivikas continued to have influence along the Palar river.
- In the end, they seemed to have been absorbed into Vaishnavism.
VII. Answer in detail:
Question 1.
Explain briefly, about Jain Literature.
Answer:
Jain literature is generally classified into two major categories.
1. Agama Sutras:
- Agama Sutras consists of many sacred books of the Jain religion.
- They have been written in the Ardha-magadhi Prakrit language.
- Containing the direct preaching of Mahavira, consisting of 12 texts, they were originally compiled by immediate disciples of Mahavira.
- The 12th Agama Sutra is said to have been lost.
2. Non-Agama Literature:
- Non-Agama literature includes commentary and explanation of Agama Sutras, and independent works, compiled by ascetics and scholars.
- They are written in many languages such as Prakrit, Sanskrit, old Marathi, Rajasthani, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Tamil, German and English.