Category: Class 8

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 3 Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Prose Chapter 3 Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist

8th English Guide Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Warm Up (Text Book Page No. 63)

In pairs, identify the great thinkers of the world and write the names from the box. (Text Book Page No. 63)

Section – I
Textual Exercise (Text Book Page No. 66)

Read and Understand (Text Book Page No. 66)

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. Isaac Newton was born at ……………
Answer:
Woolsthorpe

2. Grandmother was advised to apprentice him to a ……………
Answer:
clockmaker

3. Isaac made a clock, by the dropping of ……………
Answer:
water

4. The sun-dial made by Isaac is still in existence at ……………
Answer:
Woolsthorpe

5. Isaac constructed a model of the …………….
Answer:
windmill

B. Choose the correct synonyms for the italicized words.

1. Isaac was chiefly remarkable for his ingenuity.
a) common
b) notable
c) neglected
d) unknown
Answer:
b) notable

2. He will make a capital workman.
a) wealth
b) excellent
c) profitable
d) head
Answer:
d) head

3. Nobody could tell what the sunshine was composed of.
a) made
b) known
c) full
d) felt
Answer:
a) made

4. But he cared little for earthly fame and honors.
a) disrespect
b) attraction
c) proud
d) popularity
Answer:
a) disrespect

Section – II
Textual Exercise (Text Book Page No. 69)

Read and Understand (Text Book Page No. 69)

A. Choose the correct Synonyms for the italicized word.

1. His Grandmother was very kind to him.
a) affectionate
b) loving
c) disrespectful
d) cruel.
Answer:
d) cruel

2. The boy seemed to have a taste for mathematics.
a) delicious
b) sweet
c) dislike
d) against
Answer:
c) dislike

3. Isaac possessed a wonderful faculty of acquiring knowledge.
a) owned
b) controlled
c) lacks
d) have
Answer:
c) lacks

4. He was observed to be usually busy with his tools.
a) common
b) rarely
c) unwantedly
d) usually
Answer:
b) rarely

B. Answer the following questions in one or two. (Text Book Page No. 70)

1. Who was taking care of Newton after his father’s death?
Answer:
His grandmother was taking care of Newton after his father’s death.

2. What did Isaac manufacture at his young age?
Answer:
Issac manufactured many curious articles at a young age.

3. How did the young boy find the strength of the wind?
Answer:
The young boy found the strength of the wind by first jumping against the wind. According to the length of his jump, he could calculate the force of a gentle breeze, a brisk gale or a tempest.

4. Why were his friends attracted by the windmill?
Answer:
The playmates of Newton were attracted by the model of windmill. They thought it to be pretty and wonderful.

5. How was Newton honored by the king?
Answer:
Newton was made a Member of the Parliament and received the honour of knighthood from the king.

C. Answer the following in about 100 words.

1. Why did Newton’s friends advise his grandmother to apprentice him to a clockmaker?
Answer:
Issac seemed to have taste for mathematics besides his mechanical skills. His taste for Maths would be useful to him in clock making. Issac made a kind of clock which would work by the dropping of water. Besides the water clock, Issac made a sun-dial. The sundial is said to be in still in existence at Woolsthorpe, on the comer of the house where Issac dwelt.

2. How did Newton learn about the way a windmill operated?
Answer:
Newton frequently went to the windmill that operated on a new plan. He spent hours examining the various parts of the windmill. When the mill was not working, he examined its internal machinery. When the windmill’s broad sails were in motion by the wind, Newton examined the process by which the mill-stones revolved and crushed the grains, put into its hopper. Thus Newton gained a thorough knowledge of the construction and operation of the windmill.

3. Mention some of Newton’s inventions.
Answer:
Reflecting telescope, laws of motion, law of gravity are the famous inventions of Sir Issac Newton. He also discovered Calculus. He was the first one to find out the nature of light. He searched out the laws by which the planets are guided through the sky.

Vocabulary (Text Book Page No. 70)

Prefix and Suffix
a. Underline the prefix in each word in the boxes: (Text Book Page No. 71)

b. Pick a suitable Prefix and suffix from the given box and complete the following words:
able, ful, ly, sub, ion, un, tri, re, im, mis

Syllabification

Syllabify the words: (Text Book Page No. 73)

1. education – 4 Syllables
2. school – 1 Syllable
3. college – 2 Syllables
4. English – 2 Syllables
5. opportunity – 4 Syllables
6. friend – 1 Syllable
7. teacher – 2 Syllables
8. simultaneously – 6 Syllables
9. laboratory – 4 Syllables
10. beneficiary – 5 Syllables

Listening (Text Book Page No. 74)

Listen to the passage carefully and write the answer.

Note: The listening passage is given on page no. 227
Questions:
1. Name the scientist.
Answer:
The name of the scientist was Sir Alexander Fleming.

2. What did he discover?
Answer:
He discovered Penicillin.

3. Who approached the scientist?
Answer:
Two journalists approached the scientist.

4. What was the question by the journalist?
Answer:
The journalists wished to know what a great scientist would think before his breakfast.

5. When did they meet the scientist?
Answer:
They met the scientist when he was about to have his breakfast.

Speaking (Text Book Page No. 74)

Take a few minutes and make hints of the picture. Arrange your thoughts. Using the points you write, deliver a small speech focusing the issue picturised here. Give an interesting and informative speech. Your speech should include the cause and the solution.

Tips for effective speaking:

• Organise your points and ideas well.
• Don’t memorise the speech. If you forget a point, it will make you nervous.
• Avoid the things that are of no value or interest to the audience.
• Before you speak, take a deep breath, smile, greet the audience.
• Don’t be nervous about making a mistake.
• Interesting speech makes your mistakes nothing.

In this picture, we see a number of chimneys emitting smoke. These buildings may be factories or mills. There are green lawns and a few trees found in this picture. We also see a number of vehicles on the road. The smoke from the factories and vehicles create air pollution and noise pollution. There is a water source and dumping of garbage is found in the lower part of the picture. The garbage will make the water polluted. Water is already scarce in our towns. We must take serious remedial measures against air pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution to save our environment. We must promote eco-friendliness in the young minds.

Writing (Text Book Page No. 75)

H) Write a character sketch of any character from a fiction that has made an impact on you.
Headings:

1. Introduction of the person:
Answer:
Jane, an orphan, the heroine of the fiction, ’Jane Eyre’ written by Charles Bronte is my favorite character.

2. Character:
Answer:
Jane a poor orphan, who lost both her parents at an early stage suffer hell at the house of her uncle Mr. Reed. Mr. Reed died. He liked her very much. Even when he died he asked his wife to promise of taking care of her after his death. Still, Mrs. Reed never liked Jane. Jane was treated cruelly by the children of Mrs. Reed. Once, Mrs. Reed sent Jane to a charity school at Lowood.

3. Talk about what others say about the character :
Answer:
The servant-maid Bessie sympathised with Jane for her sufferings. Miss. Temple and Miss. Miller’s teachers of the charity school at Lowood took pity on her. They felt she was too young to be sent alone like that. They thought since she knew reading and writing she would do well in her studies.

4. Write if the character appealed to you, with reasons:
Answer:
Definitely, the character of Jane is impressive. She lost her parents. She was an orphan. She was tormented in her aunt’s house. The school she studied gave her semi-starvation and unbearable cold environment. In the bathroom, they had only frozen water. In spite of the ordeal, Jane got educated. She started working as a teacher in the same school. She got an appointment as a governess in the house of Rochester at Thornfield.

5. Support your views with evidence from the text.
Answer:
Jane treats her pupil Adela, the ward of Mr. Rochester in a way that is convincing for the child. Adela likes painting, drawing, singing, and dancing. Jane appreciates her skills and talents. Adela gets attracted to Jane. Jane skilfully befriends the pupil Adela and breaks the ice. Adela starts liking Jane.

Grammar (Text Book Page No. 75)

a) Fill in the blanks by using correct preposition.

1. We go to school ____ Mondays, but not on Sunday
Answer:
on

2. Christmas falls ____ 25th December.
Answer:
on

3. Buy me a present ____ my birthday.
Answer:
on

4. Families often argue ____ Christmas time.
Answer:
in

5. I work faster ____ night.
Answer:
at

6. Her shift finished ____ 7 p.m.
Answer:
at

Model Verbs (Text Book Page No. 76)

Circle the modal verbs in the list given in the box (Text Book Page No. 75)

I. Use polite request when we seek help from others. Page – 78)
a) Fill in the blanks using would you or could you.

1. ……………. please close the door?
Answer:
Could you

2. ……………. please open the window?
Answer:
Could you

3. ……………. mind going to the backbench?
Answer:
Would you

4. ……………. please bring some water for me?
Answer:
Could you

b) Use the phrases could you or would you in the following situations with your friend.

1. Ask the policeman for directions.
Answer:
Could you direct me to the temple?

2. You need to borrow your friend’s bike.
Answer:
Could yo lend me your bike?

3. You would need to exchange the book purchased.
Answer:
Would you mind my exchanging the book purchased?

4. You want to open your classroom window.
Answer:
Would you mind opening the classroom window?

Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist Summary in English

Issac Newton was born on the Christmas day, at Woolsthrope in England in 1642. His mother got remarried after his father’s death. Newton was with his grandmother. Newton created curious articles. He became an apprentice to a clockmaker. He observed the functioning of a windmill nearby. He then contacted a model of the windmill. Newton engaged himself in mathematics and philosophy. He found the nature of light, laws of motion, law of gravity, and also calculus. He was honoured with knighthood. He was a scientist, astronomer, and also a mechanical genius.

Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist Summary in Tamil

ஐசக் நியூட்டன் 1642ம் ஆண்டு கிறிஸ்துமஸ் தினத்தன்று உல்ஸ்த்தார்ப் என்ற இடத்தில் இங்கிலாந்தில் பிறந்தார். அவரது தந்தை இறந்த பிறகு அவரின் தாயார் மறுமணம் செய்து கொண்டார். நியூட்டன் தன் பாட்டியிடம் வளர்ந்தார். நியூட்டன் ஆச்சரியமான சிறியப் பொருட்களை உருவாக்கினார். கடிகாரம் செய்பவரிடம் தொழில் கற்கும் வேலைக்கு அமர்ந்தார். அருகில் உள்ள காற்றாலையின் செயல்பாட்டை உற்று நோக்கியவர் ஒரு சிறிய காற்றாலை மாதிரியை தானே உருவாக்கினார். நியூட்டன் கணிதம், தத்துவம் போன்ற புத்தகங்களைப் படிப்பதில் தன்னை ஈடுபடுத்திக் கொண்டார். அவர் ஒளியின் இயல்பு, இயக்க விதிகள், புவி ஈர்ப்பு விசை விதி போன்றவற்றைக் கண்டுபிடித்தார். அவர் வானியல், அறிவியல் மட்டுமல்ல, இயந்திரங்களை இயக்குவதிலும் வல்லுனராய் திகழ்ந்தார்.

Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist About the Author in English

The biography of Sir Isaac Newton was published in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, True Stories from History and Biography (1851). As Newton observed after a life¬time of discoveries: “I seem to myself like a child,” he observed, “playing on the seashore, and picking up here and there a curious shell or a pretty pebble, while the boundless ocean of truth lies undiscovered before me”.

Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist About the Author in Tamil

சர் ஐசக் நியூட்டனின் – வாழ்க்கை சரிதம், நாதனியல் ஹாத்தார்ன் என்பவரால் 1851ஆம் ஆண்டு வெளியிடப்பட்டது. “சரித்திரம் மற்றும் வாழ்க்கை சரிதம்: இவற்றின் உண்மைக் கதைகள்” என்ற புத்தகம் அது நியூட்டன் தன் வாழ்நாள் கண்டுபிடிப்புகளுக்கு பிறகு சொன்னார், ‘நான் ஒரு குழந்தை போன்றவன். கடற்கரையில் சில சிப்பிகளையும் அழகிய கூழாங்கற்களையும் தான் கண்டெடுத்துள்ளேன். இன்னும் கண்டுபிடிக்க வேண்டிய விஷயங்கள் கரைகாணாத கடல் போல் என்முன்னே உள்ளன’.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Guide Pdf Poem 2 My Hobby: Reading Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Poem 2 My Hobby: Reading

8th English Guide My Hobby: Reading Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Warm-Up

What are your Leisure time activities?
Answer:
Drawing, painting and coin collecting are my leisure time activities.

Why do you do them?
Answer:
I do them because they give me creativity and self-confidence. Also, they reduce my stress.

Do you read the book? What type of books do you read?
Answer:
Yes, I read books. I read the books of scientific invention.

My Hobby: Reading Textual Questions and Answers

1. Comprehension Questions

1. What is the hobby of the poet?
Answer:
Reading is the hobby of the poet.

2. What does “ajar” mean?
Answer:
The word ‘ajar’ means opening the door slightly.

3. Can the poet fly without wings?
Answer:
No, the poet cannot fly without wings, but- his thoughts and imaginations can fly everywhere without wings.

4. What can the children do to society if they read?
Answer:
If all the children read the books, it can construct a powerful society.

5. What is the theme of the poem?
Answer:
The theme of the poem is, ‘Reading hobby’.

2. On the basis of your understanding of the poem, tick the most suitable option to complete the statements.

3. Complete the table given below in order to understand the poem better: (Text Book Page No. 55)

Answer the following: (Text Book Page No. 56)

1. List the rhyming words in the first three lines.
Answer:
Seed, deep, asleep

2. Which line in the poem rhymes with ‘Down crept its light’?
Answer:
“Down crept its light’?
Into the seed, too bright.

Answer the following:

a. Identify the rhyme scheme of the given short poem.
Answer:
My dog likes bones,- a He eats them up,- b He’s very sweet,- a He’s just a pup.- a
The rhyme scheme is “abab”

b. Complete this rhyme on your own with a abab rhyme scheme.
Answer:
Peas porridge hot
Peas porridge cold
It is in the pot
My mother told

8th English Guide My Hobby: Reading Additional Appreciation Questions and Answers

1. “It takes me to places Near and far”
Answer:
a) What takes you to various places?
Reading takes me to various places.
b) How does it take to far and near places?
While reading a book, I go to places, mentioned in it through my imagination.

2. “I wish
Answer:
If all the children could read”
a) Whose wish is mentioned here?
The poet’s wish is mentioned here.
b) What does he wish?
He wishes that all the children must-read books.

3. “My hobby is reading
Answer:
It helps me thought breeding”

a) What is the hobby of the poet?
The hobby of the poet is reading.

b) How does it help him?
Reading habits helps the poet to get different ideas.

4. “It teaches me to cackle and cry.
Answer:
Without wings
It lets me fly”
a) Why does the poet cackle and cry?
When he reads happy things, the poet cackles. When he reads sad things, the poet cries.

My Hobby: Reading Summary in English

My hobby reading helps me a lot Reading takes me to far off places. It opens many doors. It gives me a lot of freedom. If all the children read, we will get a successful society.

My Hobby: Reading Summary in Tamil

எனது பொழுதுபோக்கான வாசித்தல் எனக்கு உதவிகரமாய் உள்ளது. என்னை தூரமான இடங்கட்கு அழைத்துச் செல்கிறது. அது பல அறிவுக் கதவுகளைத் திறக்கிறது. எனக்கு மிகுந்த சுதந்திரம் தருகிறது. எல்லா குழந்தைகளும் வாசிக்க ஆரம்பித்தால் நாம் ஒரு வெற்றிகரமான சமுதாயத்தை அமைக்கலாம்.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Guide Pdf Supplementary Chapter 2 Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 2 Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist

8th English Guide Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist Text book Back Questions and Answers

8th English Guide Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist Textual Exercise Questions and Answers

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Jim Corbett died on ……………… .
Answer:
19th April, 1955

2. Corbett shot wild animals in his …………………… .
Answer:
cine film camera

3. …………………. was the first man-eater shot by Corbett.
Answer:
The Champawat Tiger

4. Corbett shot the tigress dead, near the ……………….. .
Answer:
Chataar Bridge

B. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

Jim Corbett played a key role in establishing, India’s first national park in the Kumaon Hills, the Hailey National Park, in Uttarakhand, India. It was initially named after, Lord Malcolm Hailey. Jim Corbett died on 19 April 1955. The park was renamed in 1957 as, The Jim Corbett National Park. It was named after him to honour his role in establishing this protected area in 1930s.

1. Who played a key role in establishing the national park?
Answer:
Corbett played a key role in establishing the India’s first National Park in the Kumaon Hills.

2. Why was the park named Hailey National Park?
Answer:
The park was named Hailey National Park in memory of “Lord Malcolm Hailey”.

3. When was it renamed Jim Corbett National Park?
Answer:
The park was renamed in 1957 as the Jim Corbett National Park to honour his role in establishing the protected area in 1930s.

C. Answer the following in one or two words:

1. What was the birth name of Jim Corbett?
Answer:
Edward James Corbett was his birth name.

2. What was the name of Corbett’s dog?
Answer:
The name of Jim Corbett’s dog was Robin.

3. How many kills did the Champawat Tiger recorded?
Answer:
The Tiger recorded 436 deaths.

4. Who was the last kill of the Champawat Tiger?
Answer:
The last person to be killed by the Champawat Tiger was a 16-year-old girl in a village near Champawat.

5. When did Jim Corbett die?
Answer:
He died on 19th April in 1955.

D. Answer the following in 100 words.

1. According to Corbett, why a tiger turns into a man-eater?
Answer:
According to Corbett’s theory, a tiger starts eating humans, when they grow old or got hurt. As they cannot run fast, they start killing humans. People cannot run as fast as animals. So they become easy prey. After eating human flesh once, a tiger will not eat any other flesh. These tigers are called man-eaters. Join Corbett’s first man-eating tiger hunt was the Champawat Tiger. It was a Bengal tigress. It was responsible for nearly 436 deaths in Nepal and the Kumaon area of India.

2. How was the Champawat Tiger killed?
Answer:
Jim Corbett camped in the Kumaon district, and started tracking the tigress. After several unsuccessful attempts, Corbett managed to kill, the tiger when it killed 16 years old girl. He followed a trail of blood left there. After a whole day of pursuit, Corbett had to abandon the hunt, decided to use villagers and to organize a bait the next day near the Champa river. The tigress got caught in the bait. With the help of the tahsildar of Champawat, the bait was organized with about 300 villagers. The next day, Corbett shot the tigress dead, near the Chataar Bridge, in Champawat.

3. What were the findings of the postmortem?
Answer:
A post-mortem was done on the Bengal Tigress. It showed that the upper and lower ’ canine teeth on the right side of her mouth were broken. The upper one was broken in half and the lower one broke right down to the bone. This injury was a result of an old gunshot from the game hunter who failed to track and kill it. According to Jim Corbett this injury prevented her from hunting her natural prey and so she started to hunt humans.

Step to Success (Text Book Page No. 61)

Analogy – verbal reasoning questions.
There is a certain relation between two given words, find the relation to find the missing word:

1. Reading : Knowledge, Work : ?
a) Experience
b) Engagement
c) Experiment
d) Employment
Answer:
a) Experience

2. Cricket: Bat, Hockey : ?
a) Field
b) Stick
c) Player
d) Ball
Answer:
b) Stick

3. Dog : Rabies, Mosquito : ?
a) Plague
b) Death
c) Malaria
d) Sting
Answer:
c) Malaria

4. Man : Biography, Nation : ?
a) Leader
b) People
c) Geography
d) History
Answer:
d) History

5. Bread : Bakery, Brick : ?
a) Mint
b) Kiln
c) Furnace
d) Mine
Answer:
b) Kiln

6. Doctor : Diagnosis, Judge : ?
a) Court
b) Punishment
c) Lawyer
d) Judgement
Answer:
d) Judgement

Connecting to Self

Try to know whether your hobby makes things easy.

Answer:

Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist Summary in English

Tim Carbett, hunter, writer and naturalist hunted the man-eaters on the request of the government. A Bengal tiger that caused 43 6 deaths was shot by Jim, at the request of the British government, in the Kumaon district. Jim was not for game hunting. He was for the conservation of forests and the protection of wildlife. India’s first national port at Uttharakand was named after Jim Corbett after his death.

Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist Summary in Tamil

ஜிம் கார்பெட், வேட்டையாளர், எழுத்தாளர், இயற்கை ஆர்வலர் ஆவார். அரசு வேண்டுகோள் விடுத்தால், மனிதர்களை கொல்லும் விலங்குகளை அவர் கொல்வார். வங்காள புலி 436 இறப்புகளுக்கு காரணமாய் இருந்தது. ஆங்கில அரசு வேண்டுகோளின்படி ஜிம் கூமான் மாவட்டத்தில் அப்புலியை வேட்டையாடினார். காடுகளை பாதுகாக்க வேண்டும். விலங்குகளை பாதுகாக்க வேண்டும் என்பது அவரது விருப்பம். உத்தரகான்ட் மாநிலத்தில் உள்ள தேசிய பூங்கா ஜிம் கார்பெட் இறப்புக்குப் பின் அவர் பெயர் சூட்டப்பட்டு உள்ளது.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 1 The Nose-Jewel Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Prose Chapter 1 The Nose-Jewel

8th English GuideThe Nose-Jewel Text Book Back Questions and Answers

WARM UP (Text Book Page No. 1)

What are the life lessons that you can learn form the birds? Match the birds with the characters given in the box and fill in the blanks.

Read and Understand (Text Book Page No. 6)

A) Choose the correct synonyms for the italicized words.

1. Nice fun indeed.
a) infact
b) doubtedly
c) fine
Answer:
a) infact

2. The poor woman is in a panic.
a) fear
b) grid
c) crash
Answer:
a) fear

3. The mother consoled her little girl.
a) pretended
b) comforted
c) left
Answer:
b) comforted

4. You are always self-centered.
a) egoistic
b) generous
c) heroic
Answer:
a) egoistic

5. What is the secret you are whispering?
a) rumour
b) murmur
c) louder
Answer:
b) murmur

B) Find the antonym for the following words.

1. Delight x sorrow
2. Disgrace x honour
3. Careless x careful
4. Secret x open
5. Confine x free

C) Fill in the blanks.

1. The sparrows built their nest in the __________
Answer:
roof

2. The diamond jewel was lying in the ___________
Answer:
muck heap

3. The diamond jewel belonged to ____________
Answer:
Meenakshi Ammal

4. ___________ was the servant maid of Meenakshi Ammal.
Answer:
Kuppayi

5. Ramayya and his wife lived with the fear of __________
Answer:
getting caught

D) Say the following statements are True or False:

1. Two sparrows built a nest on a treetop.
Answer:
False

2. Kuppayi swept out the diamond jewel.
Answer:
True

3. Ramayya gave the diamond jewel to the magistrate.
Answer:
False

4. Ramayya’s wife put the stud away in her box.
Answer:
True

5. The Police searched Ramayya’s home.
Answer:
False

E) Answer the following questions: (Text Book Page No. 7)

1. Where did the sparrows build the nest?
Answer:
The sparrows built the nest in a nice spot on the roof of Ramayya’s house.

2. Why did the bird drop the diamond stud?
Answer:
The female sparrow did not want the diamond stud. So the male sparrow dropped the diamond stud on the floor and went out.

3. What were the words of Meenakshi Ammal to her daughter?
Answer:
Meenakshi Ammal told her daughter not to tell her father about the lost diamond nose-stud.

4. Who was suspected of stealing the diamond nose stud?
Answer:
Kuppayi, the servant’s, maid was suspected of stealing the diamond nose stud.

5. What did Ramayya’s wife do with the stud?
Answer:
Ramayya’s wife put the stud away in her box.

6. What happened to Ramayya’s wife at the end?
Answer:
Ramayya’s wife fell sick with a fever. She became bedridden. Her rest of the life was spent in fear of being caught by the police.

F) Answer the following in about 100 words.

1. Why did the sparrow throw the nose jewel into Ramayya’s house?
Answer:
One day, the male sparrow found a diamond nose-jewel in a heap. He picked it up and came to the nest with the shining stud in his beak and informed his wife about it. The female bird shouted at him and told him that the diamond jewel was not of any use to her. She asked the male sparrow to search for food for their young ones. So the bird dropped the diamond stud on the floor and went out in search of little worms for the young ones.

2. Explain how Ramayya’s wife reacted when she saw the nose jewel?
Answer:
When Ramayya’s wife noticed the jewel as she was sweeping the floor, She picked it up with delight and wore it. Ramayya questioned her angrily how she got hold of the diamond stud. She replied that she found the jewel lying on the floor and she took it. That was all. Ramayya wanted to deliver the jewel to the village magistrate. If the police searched their house, it would be a disgrace. Police searched the house of Kuppayi, the servant-maid but they could find nothing in her hut. Wife of Ramayya got scared. She soon developed a severe fever and was confined to her bed. Ramayya and his wife spent the rest of their lives in fear of being caught.

Vocabulary (Text Book Page No.7)

a. Pick out the correct homophone.

1. I am not …………….. to drink soda, (aloud, allowed)
Answer:
allowed

2. The wind …………….. the leaves, (blue, blew)
Answer:
blow

3. I will …………….. my friend, (meat, meet)
Answer:
meet

4. He will play the in the second play, (role, roll)
Answer:
role

5. I have …………….. movie before, (scene, seen)
Answer:
seen

b. Choose the correct homophone. (Text Book Page No. 8)

1. Every morning my father likes to look at the …………….. on the grass.
a) due
b) dew
Answer:
a) dew

2. Chennai is the …………….. of Tamilnadu.
a) capitol
b) capital
Answer:
a) capital

3. I was very …………….. last weekend because my friends made plans that did
a) bored
b) board
Answer:
a) bored

4. The cat caught the …………….. of a mouse.
a) scent
b) cent
Answer:
a) scent

5. The …………….. rises in the east.
a) son
b) sun
Answer:
b) sun

Expand the following: (Text Book Page No. 9)

ECG	Electro Cardio Gram
ILO	International Labor Organisation
SCERT	State Council of Education Research and Training
IIT	Indian Space Research Organisation
ISRO	Indian Space Research Organisation
FIR	First Information Report
UNESCO	United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation
UNICEF	United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
AIDS	Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
ADHD	Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Syndrome
UFO	Unidentified Flying Object
FAQ	Frequently asked Question

 Listening (Text Book Page No. 10)

C) Listen to the passage carefully and choose the right answer:
Note: The listening passage is given at page no. 226

1. Why do birds sing?
a) To locate one another
b) To warn other birds
c) To find a mate
d) All of the above
Answer:
d) All of the above

2. Birds perch very high so that …………….
a) other birds can hear them
b) other birds can see them
c) they can hide there
d) Both A and B are correct
Answer:
d) Both A and B are correct

3. The health of a bird can be determined …………
a) by the length of its song
b) by the complexity of its song
c) by the volume of its song
d) Both A and B are correct.
Answer:
d) Both A and B are correct

4. Young birds perfect their songs by ………….
a) territorial songs
b) mating songs
c) warnings
d) None of the above
Answer:
c) warnings

5. Young birds perfect their songs by ………………
a) natural instinct
b) listening and interaction
c) practice
d) Both B and C are correct
Answer:
b) listening and interaction

6. Fitness is ………………
a) health
b) danger
c) a song
d) a warning
Answer:
a) health

7. How do variations in the basic song help the birds?
a) recognize other members
b) Maintain health
c) increase the length of their song
d) Communicate with one another
Answer:
a) recognize other members

Note: The Listening passage is given on page no. 226.

Writing (Text Book Page No. 14)

Using the given letter as a model, write a complaining letter on any one of the topics given below: (Text Book Page No. 15)

a) To the Police commissioner about the noise caused by the loudspeaker in a music shop near your school.

Date: XXXX From M. Kanishk, S/ o. Manoj, Nehru Nagar, Salem – 5. To The Commissioner of Police, Commissioner Office, Salem – 5. Respected Sir, I am writing to notify you that I am studying standard 10th at Govt. Boys Higher Secondary School, Salem. Our school consists of 2,000 students. There is a music shop near to our school. They play the songs at the top of the voice during the class hours. It really disturbs and distracts our concentration away from studies: We have given many complaints to the authority, but no severe action has been taken by them till now. I kindly request you to take action on them immediately for the betterment of all the students. Yours faithfully, M. Kanishk

b) To the Postmaster General on non-receipt of book parcel.

From M. Vinith, 13, Nehru Road, Rajendrapuram, Trichy-621 019. To The Postmaster General, Head Post Office, Trichy-621 001. Respected Sir, This is to inform you that I have sent a registered parcel to my niece Mr. R. Pravin at 132, Netha Colony, Faripur, Andhrapradesh, on 16th January 2020. My receipt no. is 3001. But the parcel has not been received by my niece so far. Ten days have passed ever since 1 sent the parcel. 1 kindly request you to look into the matter and inform us about the condition of my parcel as soon as possible. Yours faithfully, M. Vinith

c) To the Transport Manager, TNSTC on non-stopping of buses near your school bus stop.

From P. Arun Kumar, S/o. Palanichamy, No. 6, Ukarthey Nagar, Kodaikanal, Dindigul. To The Transport Manager, TNSTC office, Kodaikanal, Dindigul. Respected Sir, I am writing to inform you that, I am studying a higher secondary first year at St.Xavier School, Kodaikanal. Our school provides education for 1500 students. Most of the students come to school from nearby towns and villages. As the buses do not stop at our school bus stop the students suffer severely every day. It causes them to come to class very late daily. We have given complaints to the transport office much time, but they failed to act on our complaint. I hope that you will do the needful for the goodness of the students and their education. Yours faithfully, P. Arunkumar

Using the given informal letter as a model, write a letter on any one of the topics given below. (Text Book Page No. 16)

a) Write letter to your father asking permission to go on an educational tour.

10, Babu Sankar Hostel, New Colony, Madurai – 8 Dear Father, My class teacher has planned to go on an education tour to Tuticorin. There we will be learning details on fish culture. Everyone should attend. The fees to be paid to Rs. 500 only, it will be of two days trip. I need your permission to go on the tour. Kindly grant me permission. Send me the money too. I will let you know the other details later. With love and regards. Your loving daughter K. Kamala Address on the Envelope: To Mr. Kathiravan, 7, Kottam Patti Main Road, Kottam Patti, Madurai District.

b) Write letter to you friend about your summer holidays.

10, Teachers Colony Madurai – 10 10.1.XXXX Dear Sankar, I am fine. I hope and pray that you are enjoying the pink of your health. For the summer holidays, I had been to Trivandram. I visited the zoo, aquarium, Seashores, Kovalam beach, Sangu Mugam beach, etc. It was cool there. I really enjoyed my holidays. For the next summer vacation, I have planned to visit Ooty. With love and regards. Your loving friend K. Bala Address on the Envelope: To K. Sankar, 10, Haily road, Barath Nagar Salem.

c) Write a letter to your sister advising her to take part in cultural programs in school’s annual day celebration.

8, St. Marys’ hostel, Holy Cross College Nagercoil, 10.01.XXXX My Dear Jovina, I was happy to know that you have a cultural program in your school annual day celebration which will be held on 30.3.XXXX at your school. You can participate in singing, dancing, drama, recitation of poems, and rangoli decorations. It will be fun. Apart from fun, it will be a chance for you to develop your talents. Your confidence will get boost up when you are appreciated for your talent. So kindly put forth maximum participation in the cultural program. With regards. Your loving sister, R. Kamala Address on the Envelope: To M. Jovina, 1, Babu new road, Theni main road, Kambam.

The Nose-Jewel Grammar (Text Book Page No. 17)

a. Pick out the words from the list and put them appropriately on the table. (Text Book Page No. 18)

David, Madurai, parrot, happiness, book, thought, green, tiger, Trichy, computer, Narayanan, fan, sister, Kalam, woman, pencil, Bharathi, problem, brother, Mumbai, swan, elephant, Vijay, solution, success, school, convent.

b. Read the following paragraph and pick out the different types of nouns and put them in the table.

Hobby is an activity we enjoy doing in our free time. It keeps us busy in our leisure time. People choose their hobby on the basis of their interests and personality. Do you know what Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s hobby was?

c. Fill in the blanks with a suitable collective noun.
choir, shower, bowl, flock, cup, pair, swarm, bunch, herd, bottle

1. a …………. of cows.
Answer:
herd
2. a …………. of birds.
Answer:
fleet

3. a …………. of singers.
Answer:
choir

4. a …………. of milk.
Answer:
bottle

5. a …………. of tea.
Answer:
cup

6. a …………. of ants.
Answer:
swarm

7. a …………. of grapes.
Answer:
bunch

8. a …………. of rice.
Answer:
bowl

9. a …………. of shoes.
Answer:
pair

10. a …………. of rain.
Answer:
shower

Pronoun

a. Change the underlined words with a correct pronoun: (Text Book Page No. 20)
(they, he, him, it, she )
1. I saw Mr. Balu this morning and gave Mr. Balu my homework.
Answer:
him

2. Muthu likes computer games but he doesn’t play computer games very often.
Answer:
it

3. My aunt lives in Trichy but, my aunt often comes to visit my family.
Answer:
she

4. Neil Armstrong was born in 1930. Neil Armstrong landed on the moon in 1969.
Answer:
He

b. Change the possessive adjective into possessive pronoun:

1. This is my pen.
Answer:
This pen is mine

2. She missed her purse.
Answer:
The missed purse is hers

3. Her speech is nice.
Answer:
Nice speech is hers

4. My book is new.
Answer:
The new book is mine

5. My bike is costly.
Answer:
The costly bike is mine

C) VERB
The verb is a word used to express an action or state.
Transitive verbs
Transitive verbs are verbs that express
action with an object.
The object of a transitive verb can be a
noun, pronoun, or a noun clause or phrase.
Examples:
I threw the ball. (Noun as object)
We beat them. (Pronoun as object)
I think that you are correct. (Noun clause as object)

Intransitive verbs
Intransitive verbs are verbs that
express action without an object.
Examples:
I ran.
I ran swiftly.
I ran in the race

List out the transitive and intransitive verbs in the following words. (Text Book Page No. 21)

come – intransitive
buy – transitive
teach – transitive
learn – transitive
arrive – intransitive
sing – transitive
run – intransitive
draw – transitive
jump – intransitive
write – transitive

The Nose-Jewel Summary in English

Ramayya, a simple man, lived with his greedy wife. In his house, there was a sparrow nest. The male sparrow in the nest picked up a nose-jewel and dropped it on the floor. The wife of Ramayya noticed the jewel and took it. Meenakshi Ammal, the owner of the nose-jewel, gave a police complaint. She suspected Kupayi, the maid. The police came and searched for her hut. The wife of Ramayya fell sick. Ramayya and his wife lived in fear for ever.

The Nose-Jewel Summary in Tamil

ராமையா என்ற எளிய மனிதன், தன் பேராசைப் பிடித்த மனைவியுடன் வாழ்ந்து வந்தான். அவன் வீட்டில் ஒரு குருவி கூடு இருந்தது. அதில் உள்ள ஆண் குருவி, குப்பையில் கிடந்த மூக்குத்தியை தூக்கி வந்தது. பின் தரையில் எறிந்து விட்டது. ராமையாவின் மனைவி தரையில் கிடந்த மூக்குத்தியை கவனித்து எடுத்து வைத்துக் கொண்டாள். மூக்குத்திக்கு சொந்தக்காரியான மீனாட்சி அம்மாள் தன் வேலைக்காரி குப்பாயியை சந்தேகப்பட்டு போலிசிடம் புகார் அளித்தார். காவல்துறை அவள் குடிசையை சோதனையிட்டது. ராமையா மனைவி சுகவீனமாய் படுத்துவிட்டாள். அதன்பிறகு ராமையாவும் அவரின் மனைவியும் எப்பொழுதும் பயத்திலேயே வாழ்ந்து வந்தனர்.

The Nose-Jewel About the Author in English

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) informally called Rajaji, was an Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer, historian, and statesman. Rajagopalachari was born in the village of Thorapalli in the Krishnagiri district. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India, as India soon became a Republic in 1950. Furthermore, he was the first Indian-born Governor-General, since before him the posts were held by British nationals. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union, and Chief Minister of Madras state. He was one of the first recipients of India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.

The Nose-Jewel About the Author in Tamil

சக்கரவர்த்தி ராஜகோபாலச்சாரி சுருக்கமாய் ராஜாஜி என்பார் இந்திய அரசியல்வாதி, சுதந்திர போராட்ட வீரர், வக்கீல், எழுத்தாளர், வரலாற்று ஆசிரியர், – ஆட்சிப்பணியில் இருந்தவர் ஆவார். கிருஷ்ணகிரி மாவட்டத்தில் உள்ள தொரப்பள்ளி என்ற கிராமத்தில் 1878இல் பிறந்தார். இந்தியாவின் கடைசி கவர்னர் ஜெனரல் ஆவார். 1950இல் இந்தியா குடியரசு நாடு ஆகிவிட்டது. இவருக்கு முன்னால் ஆங்கிலேயர்களே இந்த பதவியை வகித்து வந்தனர். இவரே முதல் இந்திய கவர்னர் ஜெனரல் ஆவார். சென்னை மாகாணத்தின் இந்திய தேசிய காங்கிரஸ் தலைவராக இருந்தார். மேற்கு வங்கத்தின் கவர்னர் ஆகவும், உள்துறை அமைச்சராகவும், தமிழ்நாட்டின் முதல் மந்திரியாகவும் இருந்தார். இவருக்கு இந்தியாவின் மிக உயரிய விருதான பாரத ரத்னா விருது அளிக்கப்பட்டது.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Guide Pdf Poem 3 Making Life Worth While Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Poem 3 Making Life Worth While

8th English Guide Making Life Worth While Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Warm Up

Observe the pictures and write the moral values. Share your experience. (Text Book Page No. 79)

Answer:
1. Taking care of the animals.
2. Helping the weaker person.
3. Supporting the differently abled person.
4. Helping the old people.

8th English Guide Making Life Worth While Textual Exercise Questions and Answers

1. Comprehension questions. (Text Book Page. 81)

1. What should we learn from every soul?
Answer:
We should learn the good from every soul.

2. What qualities will help us to brave the thickening ills of life?
Answer:
We must pass on good thoughts, kindness, aspiration, courage, and faith to brave the thickening ills of life.

3. Why should we make this life worthwhile?
Answer:
We should make this life worthwhile to have a glimpse of the brighter skies.

4. What does the poet assure us if we make our life worthwhile?
Answer:
The poet assures the inheritance of heaven for the people who live a purposeful life in this world.

2. Fill in the blanks:

1. We should have a ……………. in life.
Answer:
aspiration

2. A ……………. is needed for the darkening sky.
Answer:
a bit of courage

3. One must have a ……………. of brighter skies to make life worthwhile.
Answer:
glimpse

3. Figure of speech.

Pick out any two lines of repetition from the poem. (Text Book Page No. 81)

On page 81, we have four lines of a poem written by Robert Frost. He repeats the line

And miles to go before. I sleep,
and miles to go before I sleep,

He uses this literary device called repetition to make the idea clearer and more memorable. It is used to emphasize a feeling or idea. Repetition creates rhythm and brings attention to the idea focussed.

8th English Guide Making Life Worth While Additional Appreciation Questions and Answers

1. One bit of courage For the darkening sky;
Answer:
What is needed for the darkening sky?
One bit of courage is needed for the darkening sky.

2. One gleam of faith
Answer:
To brave the thickening ills of life;
What is needed to brave the thickening ills of life?
One gleam of faith is needed to brave the thickening ills of life.

3. One glimpse of brighter skies – To make this life worthwhile
Answer:
What is needed to make the life worthwhile?
One glimpse of a bright sky is needed to make this life worthwhile.

4. One aspiration yet unfelt One bit of courage
Answer:
What is unfelt yet?
One aspiration is yet unfelt.

Poetic Devices

Repetition:
The word ‘one’ is found to be repeated throughout the poem.

Rhyming words:
contact – thought

Alliteration:
And heaven a surer heritage.
The consonant ‘h’ is repeated twice in the above line and henceforth it is an alliterated line of this poem.

Basic idea of the poem:
Love your neighbor as you love yourself.

Making Life Worth While Summary in English

Everyone who comes in contact with, us must be influenced by us. They must get something good from us. That kindly act will make our life purposeful. Even little grace, kindly thought, bit of courage, one gleam of faith, one glimpse of brightness can make our life to fight with the ills of life.

Making Life Worth While Summary in Tamil

நம்மை அணுகி வரும் எவரும் நம்மிடமிருந்து ஏதோ ஒரு நன்மையைப் பெற்றுக் கொள்ள வேண்டும். நம்மிடமிருந்து அவர்கள் பெறும் நன்மையே நம் வாழ்வைக் குறிக்கோள் உள்ளதாக இப்பூமியில் ஆக்குகிறது. சிறிது கருணை, அன்பான எண்ணம், சிறிது தைரியம், ஒரு கீற்று நம்பிக்கை, வெளிச்சத்தின் ஒரு சிறிய பார்வை, நாம் இந்த உலக வாழ்வின் தீமைகளை எதிர்த்துப் போராட உதவுகிறது.

Making Life Worth While About the Author in English

George Eliot – Mary Ann Evans (1819 – 1880), known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, poet, journalist, translator, and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. She wrote seven novels.

Making Life Worth While About the Author in Tamil

ஜார்ஜ் எலியட் – மேரி ஆன் ஈவன்ஸ் (1819 – 1880), தன் புனைப்பெயரான ஜார்ஜ் எலியட் என்பதன் மூலம் அனைவராலும் அறியப்பட்டார். அவர் ஓர் ஆங்கில நாவலாசிரியர், கவிஞர், பத்திரிக்கை எழுத்தாளர், மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் மற்றும் விக்டோரியன் சகாப்தத்தின் முன்னணி எழுத்தாளர்களுள் ஒருவராவார். இவர் ஏழு நாவல்களை எழுதியுள்ளார்.

Subject Matter Experts at SamacheerKalvi.Guide have created English Nadu State Board Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Book Answers Solutions Guide Pdf Free Download are part of Samacheer Kalvi 8th Books Solutions.

Let us look at these TN State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Std English Guide Pdf of Text Book Back Questions and Answers Term 1, 2, 3, Chapter Wise Important Questions, Study Material, Question Bank, Notes, and revise our understanding of the subject.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf Free Download

Englishnadu State Board Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Book Back Answers Solutions Guide Term 1, 2, 3.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Book Back Answers

Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Prose

• Chapter 1 The Nose-Jewel
• Chapter 2 Hobby – Turns A Successful Career
• Chapter 3 Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist
• Chapter 4 My Reminiscence
• Chapter 5 Being Safe
• Chapter 6 Friendship
• Chapter 7 Cyber Safety

Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Poem

• Chapter 1 Special Hero
• Chapter 2 My Hobby: Reading
• Chapter 3 Making Life Worth While
• Chapter 4 A Thing of Beauty
• Chapter 5 Fire Work Night
• Chapter 6 Lessons in Life
• Chapter 7 My Computer Needs A Break

Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Supplementary

• Chapter 1 The Woman on Platform 8
• Chapter 2 Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist
• Chapter 3 The Three Questions
• Chapter 4 Crossing the River
• Chapter 5 When Instinct Works
• Chapter 6 Homeless Man and His Friends: A True Story
• Chapter 7 The Mystery of the Cyber Friend

Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Play

• Chapter 1 Jack and the Beanstalk

We hope these Englishnadu State Board Samacheer Kalvi Class 8th English Book Solutions Answers Guide Pdf Free Download will help you get through your subjective questions in the exam.

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Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 5 Geometry Ex 5.3 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Geometry Ex 5.3

Question 1.
In the figure, given that ∠1 = ∠2 and ∠3 ≡ ∠4. Prove that ∆ MUG ≡ ∆TUB.

Answer:

Statements	Reasons
1. In △MUG and △TUG Mu = TU	∠3 = ∠4, opposite sides of equal angles
2. UG = UB	∠1 = ∠2 Side opposite to equal angles are equal
3. ∠GUM = ∠BUT	Vertically opposite angle
4. ∆MUG ≡  ∆TUG	SAS criteria By 1,2 and 3

Question 2.
From the figure, prove that ∆SUN ~ ∆RAY.

Answer:
Proof: from the ∆ SUN and ∆RAY
SU = 10
UN = 12
SN = 14
RA = 5
AY = 6
RY = 7

From (1), (2) and (3) we have

The sides are proportional
∴ ∆SUN ~ ∆RAY

Question 3.
The height of a tower is measured by a mirror on the ground at R by which the top of the tower’s reflection is seen. Find the height of the tower. If ∆PQR ~ ∆STR

Answer:
The image and its reflection make similar shapes
∴ ∆PQR ~ ∆STR

⇒ \(\frac{h}{8}=\frac{60}{10}\)
h = \(\frac{60}{10}\) × 8
= 48 feet
∴ Height of the tower = 48 feet.

Question 4.
Find the length of the support cable required to support the tower with the floor.

Answer:
From the figure, by Pythagoras theorem,
x² = 20² + 15²
= 400 + 225 = 625
x² = 25² ⇒ x = 25ft.
∴ The length of the support cable required to support the tower with the floor is 25ft.

Question 5.
Rithika buys an LED TV which has a 25 inches screen. If its height is 7 inches, how wide is the screen? Her TV cabinet is 20 inches wide. Will the TV fit into the cabinet? Give reason.
Answer:

Take the sides of a right angled triangle ∆ABC as
a = 7 inches
b = 25 inches
c = ?
By Pythagoras theorem,
b² = a² + c²
25² = 7² + c²
⇒ c² = 25² – 7² = 625 – 49 = 576
∴ c² = 24²
⇒ c = 24 inches
∴ Width of TV cabinet is 20 inches which is lesser than the width of the screen ie.24 inches.
∴ The TV will not fit into the cabinet.

Challenging Problems

Question 6.
In the figure, ∠TMA ≡∠IAM and ∠TAM ≡ ∠IMA. P is the midpoint of MI and N is the midpoint of AI. Prove that Δ PIN ~ Δ ATM.

Answer:
proof:

Question 7.
In the figure, if ∠FEG ≡ ∠1 then, prove that DG² = DE.DF.

Answer:
Proof:

Question 8.
The diagonals of the rhombus is 12 cm and 16 cm. Find its perimeter. (Hint: the diagonals of rhombus bisect each other at right angles).
Answer:

Here AO = CO = 8cm
BO = DO = 6cm
(∴the diagonals of rhombus bisect each other at right angles)
∴ In ∆ AOB, AB² = AO² + OB²
= 8² + 6² = 64 + 36
= 100 = 10²
∴ AB = 10
Since it is a rhombus, all the four sides are equal.
AB = BC = CD = DA
∴ Its Perimeter = 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 40 cm

Question 9.
In the figure, find AR.

Answer:
∆ AFI, ∆ FRI are right triangles.
By Pythagoras theorem,
AF² = AI² – FI²
= 25² – 15²
= 625 – 225 = 400 = 20²
∴ AF = 20ft.
FR² = RI² – FI²
= 17² – 15² = 289 – 225 = 64 = 8²
FR = 8ft.
∴ AR = AF + FR
= 20 + 8 = 28 ft.

Question 10.
In ∆DEF, DN, EO, FM are medians and point P is the centroid. Find the following.
(i) IF DE = 44, then DM = ?
(ii) IFPD=12, then PN= ?
(iii) IfDO = 8, then PD = ?
(iv) IF 0E = 36 then EP = ?

Answer:
Given DN, EO, FM are medians.
∴ FN = EN
DO = FO
EM = DM

(i) If DE = 44,then
DM = \(\frac{44}{2}\) = 22
DM = 22

(ii) If PD = 12,PN = ?
\(\frac{P D}{P N}=\frac{2}{1}\)
\(\frac{12}{\mathrm{PN}}=\frac{2}{1}\) ⇒ PN = \(\frac{12}{2}\) = 6.
PN = 6

(iii) If DO = 8, then
FD = DO + OF
= 8 + 8
FD = 16

(iv) If OE = 36

PE = 24

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 5 Geometry Ex 5.2 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Geometry Ex 5.2

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) If in a ∆ PQR, PR² = PQ² + QR², then the right angle of ∆ PQR is at the vertex _______ .
Answer:
Q
Hint:

(ii) If ‘l‘ and ‘m’ are the legs and ‘n’ is the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle then, l² = _______ .
Answer:
n² – m²
Hint:

(iii) If the sides of a triangle are in the ratio 5:12:13 then, it is _______ .
Answer:
a right angled triangle
Hint:
13² = 169
5² = 25
12² = 144
169 = 25 + 144
∴ 13² = 5² + 12²

(iv) The medians of a triangle cross each other at _______ .
Answer:
Centroid

(v) The centroid of a triangle divides each medians in the ratio _______ .
Answer:
2 : 1

Question 2.
Say True or False.
(i) 8, 15, 17 is a Pythagorean triplet.
Answer:
True
Hint:
17² = 289
15² = 225
8² = 64
64 + 225 = 289 ⇒ 17² = 15² + 8²

(ii) In a right angled triangle, the hypotenuse is the greatest side.
Answer:
True
Hint:

(iii) In any triangle the centroid and the incentre are located inside the triangle.
Answer:
True

(iv) The centroid, orthocentre, and incentre of a triangle are collinear.
Answer:
True

(v) The incentre is equidistant from all the vertices of a triangle.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Check whether given sides are the sides of right-angled triangles, using Pythagoras theorem.
(i) 8, 15, 17
Answer:
Take a = 8 b = 15 and c = 17
Now a² + b² = 8² + 15² = 64 + 225 = 289
172 = 289 = c²
∴ a² + b² = c²
By the converse of Pythagoras theorem, the triangle with given measures is a right angled triangle.
∴ Ans: yes

(ii) 12, 13, 15
Answer:
(ii) 12, 13. 15
Take a = 12,b = 13 and c = 15
Now a² + b² = 12² + 13² = 144 + 169 = 313
15² = 225 ≠ 313
By the converse of Pythagoras theorem, the triangle with given measures is not a right angled triangle.
∴ Ans: No.

(iii) 30, 40, 50
Answer:
Take a = 30, b = 40 and c = 50
Now a² + b² = 30² + 40² = 900 + 1600 = 2500
C² = 50² = 2500
∴ a² + b² = c²
By the converse of Pythagoras theorem, the triangle with given measures is a right
angled triangle.
∴ Ans: yes

(iv) 9, 40, 41
Answer:
Take a = 9, b = 40 and c = 41
Now a² + b² = 9² + 40² = 81 + 1600 = 1681
c² = 41² = 1681
∴ a² + b² = c²
By the converse of Pythagoras theorem, the triangle with given measures is a right
angled triangle.
∴ Ans: yes

(v) 24, 45, 51
Answer:
Take a = 24,b = 45 and c = 51
Now a² + b² = 24² + 45² = 576 + 2025 = 2601
c² = 51² = 2601
∴ a² + b² = c²
By the converse of Pyhtagoreas theorem, the triangle with given measure is a right angled triangle.
∴ Ans: yes

Question 4.
Find the unknown side in the following triangles.
(i)

Answer:
From ∆ ABC, by Pythagoras theorem
BC² = AB² + AC²
Take AB² + AC² = 9² + 40² = 81 + 1600 = 1681
BC² = AB² + AC² = 1681 = 41²
BC² = 41² ⇒ BC = 41
∴ x = 41

(ii)

Answer:
From ∆ PQR, by Pythagoras theorem.
PR² = PQ² + QR²
34² = y² + 30²
⇒ y² = 34² – 30²
= 1156 – 900
= 256 = 16²
y² = 16² ⇒ y = 16

(iii)

Answer:
From ∆ XYZ, by Pythagoras theorem,
= YZ² = XY² + XZ²
⇒ XY² = YZ² – XZ²
Z² = 39² – 36²
= 1521 – 1296
= 225 = 15²
z² = 15²
⇒ z = 15

Question 5.
An isosceles triangle has equal sides each 13 cm and a base 24 cm in length. Find its height.
Answer:

In an isosceles triangle the altitude dives its base into two equal parts.
Now in the figure, ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle with AD as its height
In the figure, AD is the altitude and ∆ABD is a right triangle.
By Pythagoras theorem,
AB² = AD² + BD²
⇒ AD² = AB² – BD²
= 13² – 12² = 169 – 144 = 25
AD² = 25 = 5²
Height: AD = 5cm

Question 6.
Find the distance between the helicopter and the ship.

Answer:
From the figure AS is the distance between the helicopter and the ship.
∆ APS is a right angled triangle, by Pythagoras theorem,
AS² = AP² + PS²
= 80² + 150² = 6400 + 22500 = 28900 = 170²
∴ The distance between the helicopter and the ship is 170 m

Question 7.
In triangle ABC, line I, is a perpendicular bisector of BC.
If BC = 12cm, SM = 8cm, find CS.

Answer:
Given l₁, is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
∴ ∠SMC = 90°and BM = MC
BC = 12cm
⇒ BM + MC = 12cm
MC + MC = 12cm
2MC = 12
MC = \(\frac{12}{2}\)
MC = 6cm
Given SM = 8 cm
By Pythagoras theorem SC² = SM² + MC²
SC² = 8² + 6²
SC² = 64 + 36
CS² = 100
CS² = 10²
CS = 10 cm

Question 8.
Identify the centroid of ∆PQR.

Answer:
In ∆PQR, PT = TR ⇒ QT is a median from vertex Q.
QS = SR ⇒ PS is a median from vertex P.
QT and PS meet at W and therefore W is the centroid of ∆PQR.

Question 9.
Name the orthocentre of ∆PQR.

Answer:
This is a right triangle
∴ orthocentre = P [∵ In right triangle orthocentre is the vertex containing 90°]

Question 10.
In the given figure, A is the midpoint of YZ and G is the centroid of the triangle XYZ. If the length of GA is 3 cm, find XA.

Answer:
Given A is the midpoint of YZ.
∴ ZA = AY
G is the centroid of XYZ centroid divides each median in a ratio 2 : 1 ⇒ XG : GA = 2:1
\(\frac{\mathrm{XG}}{\mathrm{GA}}=\frac{2}{1}\)
\(\frac{\mathrm{XG}}{3}=\frac{2}{1}\)
XG = 2 × 3
XG = 6 cm
XA = XG + GA = 6 + 3 ⇒ XA = 9cm

Question 11.
If I is the incentre of ∆XYZ, ∠IYZ = 30° and ∠IZY = 40°, find ∠YXZ.

Answer:
Since I is the incentre of AXYZ
∠IYZ = 30° ⇒ ∠IYX = 30°
∠IZY = 40° ⇒ ∠IZX = 40°
∴ ∠XYZ = ∠XYI + ∠IYZ = 30° + 30°
∠XYZ = 60°

∠XYZ = 80°
By angle sum property of a triangle
∠XZY + ∠XYZ + ∠YXZ = 180°
80° + 60° + ∠YXZ = 180°
140° + ∠YXZ = 180°
∠YXZ = 180° – 140°
∠YXZ = 40°

Objective Type Questions

Question 12.
If ∆GUT is isosceles and right angled, then ∠TUG is ______ .

(A) 30°
(B) 40°
(C) 45°
(D) 55°
Answer:
(C) 45°
Hint:
∠U ∠T = 45° (∵ GUT is an isosceles given)
∴ ∠TUG = 45°

Question 13.
The hypotenuse of a right angled triangle of sides 12cm and 16cm is ______ .
(A) 28 cm
(B) 20 cm
(C) 24 cm
(D) 21 cm
Answer:
(B) 20 cm
Hint:
Side take a = 12 cm
b = 16cm
The hypotenuse c² = a² + b²
= 12² + 16²
= 144 + 256
c² = 400 ⇒ c = 20 cm

Question 14.
The area of a rectangle of length 21cm and diagonal 29 cm is ______ .
(A) 609 cm²
(B) 580 cm²
(C) 420 cm²
(D) 210 cm²
Answer:
(C) 420 cm²

length = 21 cm
diagonal = 29 cm
By the converse of Pythagoras theorem,
AB² + BC² = AC²
21² + x² = 29²
x² = 841 – 441 400 = 20²
x = 20 cm
Now area of the rectangle = length × breadth.
ie AB × BC = 21 cm × 20 cm = 420 cm²

Question 15.
The sides of a right angled triangle are in the ratio 5:12:13 and its perimeter is 120 units then, the sides are .
(A) 25, 36, 59
(B) 10, 24, 26
(C) 36, 39, 45
(D) 20, 48, 52
Answer:
(D) 20,48,52
Hint:
The sides of a right angled triangle are in the ratio 5 : 12 : 13
Take the three sides as 5a, 12a, 13a
Its perimeter is 5a + 12a + 13a = 30a
It is given that 30a = 120 units
a = 4 units
∴ the sides 5a = 5 × 4 = 20 units
12a = 12 × 4 = 48 units
13a = 13 × 4 = 52 units

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.5 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.5

Question 1.
A fruit vendor bought some mangoes of which 10% were rotten. He sold 33\(\frac{1}{3}\) % of the rest. Find the total number of mangoes bought by him initially, if he still has 240 mangoes with him.

Answer:
Let the number of mangoes bought by fruit seller initially be x.
Given that 10% or mangoes were rotten
∴ Number of rotten mangoes = \(\frac{10}{100}\) × x
Number of good mangoes = x – no. of rotten mangoes
= \(x-\frac{10}{100} x=\frac{100 x-10 x}{100}=\frac{90}{100} x\) …….. (1)
Number of mangoes sold = 33\(\frac{1}{3}\)% of good mangoes = \(\frac{100}{3}\)%
∴ Mangoes sold = \(\frac{100}{3} \times \frac{90}{100} \times \times \frac{1}{100}=\frac{30}{100} x\) ……. (2)
Number of mangoes remaining = No. of good mangoes – No. of mangoes sold
From (1) and (2)

∴ Intially he had 400 mangoes

Question 2.
A student gets 31 % marks in an examination but fails by 12 marks. If the pass percentage is 35%, find the maximum marks of the examination.
Answer:
Let the maximum marks in the exam be ‘x’
Pass percentage is given as 35%
∴ Pass mark = \(\frac{35}{100} \times x=\frac{35}{100} x\)
Student gets 31% marks = \(\frac{31}{100} \times x=\frac{31}{100} x\)
But student fails by 12 marks → meaning his mark is 12 less than pass mark.

Maimum mark is 300

Question 3.
Sultana bought the following things from a general store. Calculate the total bill amount paid by her.
(i) Medicines costing ₹ 800 with GST at 5%

Answer:
Formula for bill amount is cost \(\left(1+\frac{\mathrm{GST} \%}{100}\right)\)
Medicine: bill amount is \(800\left(1+\frac{5}{100}\right)=800 \times \frac{105}{100}=840\)

(ii) Cosmetics costing ₹ 650 with GST at 12%

Answer:
Formula for bill amount is cost \(\left(1+\frac{\mathrm{GST} \%}{100}\right)\)
Cosmetics: Bill amount is \(550\left(1+\frac{12}{100}\right)=650 \times \frac{112}{100}=728\)

(iii) Cereals costing ₹ 900 with GST at 0%

Answer:
Formula for bill amount is cost \(\left(1+\frac{\mathrm{GST} \%}{100}\right)\)
Cereals: Bill amount is \(900\left(1+\frac{0}{100}\right)\) = 900

(iv) Sunglass costing ₹ 1750 with GST at 18%

Answer:
Formula for bill amount is cost \(\left(1+\frac{\mathrm{GST} \%}{100}\right)\)
Sunglass: Bill amount is \(1750\left(1+\frac{18}{100}\right)=1750 \times \frac{118}{100}=2065\)

(v) Air Conditioner costing ₹ 28500 with GST at 28 %

Answer:
Formula for bill amount is cost \(\left(1+\frac{\mathrm{GST} \%}{100}\right)\)
Air Conditioner: Bill amount is \(28500\left(1+\frac{28}{100}\right)=28500 \times \frac{128}{100}=36480\)
∴ Total Bill amount = 840 + 728 + 900 + 2065 + 36480
= ₹ 41,013 (total bill amount)

Question 4.
P’s income is 25 % more than that of Q. By what percentage is Q’s income less than P’s?
Answer:
Let Q’s income be 100.
P’s income is 25% more than that of Q.
∴ P’s income = 100 + \(\frac{25}{100}\) × 100 = 125
Q’s income is 25 less than that of P
In percentage terms, Q’s income is less than P’s with respect to P’s income is
\(\frac{\mathrm{P}-\mathrm{Q}}{\mathrm{P}}\) × 100 = \(\frac{125-100}{125}\) × 100 = \(\frac{25}{125}\) × 100 = 20%

Question 5.
Vaidegi sold two sarees for ₹ 2200 each. On one she gains 10% and on the other she loses 12%. Find her total gain or loss percentage in the sale of the sarees.

Answer:
Saree 1 :
The selling price is ₹ 2200, let cost price be CP₁, gain is 10%
Cost price? Using the formula

Saree 2 :
The selling price is 2200, let cost price be CP₂, loss is given as 12%. We need to find CP₂
using the formula as before,

∴ Cost price of both together is CP₁ + CP₂
= 2000 + 2500 = 4500 …….. (1)
Selling price of both together is 2 × 2200 = 4400 …… (2)
Since net selling price is less than net cost price, there is a loss.

Loss = Net cost price – Net selling price
(1) – (2) = 4500 – 4400 = 100
100 100 20 2
∴ loss % = \(\frac{100}{4500}\) × 100 = \(\frac{100}{45}=\frac{20}{9}=2 \frac{2}{9}\)%
= 2\(\frac{2}{9}\)%loss

Question 6.
If 32 men working 12 hours a day can do a work in 15 days, then how many men working 10 hours a day can do double that work in 24 days?
Answer:

Days (D)	Hours (H)	Men (P)
15	12	32
24	10	x

Let
P₁ = 32
P₂ = x

H₁ = 12
H₂ = 10

D₁ = 15
D₂ = 24

W₁ = 1
W₂ = 1


x = 24 persons
To complete the same work 24 men needed.
To complete double the work 24 × 2 = 48 men are required.

Question 7.
Amutha can weave a saree in 18 days. Anjali is twice as good a weaver as Amutha. If both of them weave together, then in how many days can they complete weaving the saree?
Answer:
Amutha can weave a saree in 18 days.
Anjali is twice as good as Amutha.
ie. 1f Amutha weave for 2 days, Anjali do the same work in 1 day.
If Anjali weave the saree she will take
\(\frac{18}{2}\) = 9 days.
Hence time taken by them together ab
= \(\frac{a b}{a+b}\) days
= \(\frac{18 \times 9}{18+9}=\frac{18 \times 9}{27}\) = 6 days

In 6 clays they complete weaving the saree.

Question 8.
P and Q can do a piece of work in 12 days and 15 days respectively. P started the work alone and then after 3 days, Q joined him till the work was completed. How long did the work last?
Answer:
P can do a piece of work in 12 days.
∴ P’s 1 day work = \(\frac{1}{12}\)
P’s 3 day’s work = 3 × \(\frac{1}{12}=\frac{3}{12}\)
Q can do a piece of work in 15 days.
∴ Q’s 1 day work = \(\frac{1}{15}\)
Remaining work after 3 days = 1 – \(\frac{3}{12}=\frac{9}{12}\)

∴ Number of days required to finish the remaining work 9

Remaining work lasts for 5 days
Total work lasts for 3 + 5 = 8 days.

Question 9.
If the numerator of a fraction is increased by 50% and the denominator is decreased by 20%, then it becomes \(\frac{3}{5}\). Find the original fraction.
Answer:
Original fraction = \(\frac{x}{y}\)
numerator increased by 50%
∴ Numerator = \(\frac{150}{100} x\)
Denominator decreased by 20%
∴ Denominator = \(\frac{80}{100} y\)
Hence

Question 10.
Gopi sold a laptop at 12% gain. If it had been sold for ₹ 1200 more, the gain would have been 20%. Find the cost price of the laptop.

Answer:
Let the cost price of the laptop be ‘x
Gain = 12%

If the selling price was 1200 more
i.e \(\frac{112}{100} x\) + 1200, the gain is 2o%

Cost price of the laptop is ₹ 15,000/-

Question 11.
A shopkeeper gives two successive discounts on an article whose marked price is ₹ 180 and selling price is ₹ 108. Find the first discount percentage if the second discount is 25%.
Answer:
Marked price is given as ₹ 180
Let 1 discount be d₁ % = ? (to find)
2nd discount be d₂ % = 25%
Selling price is 108 (given)
Price after 1^st discount = 180 \(\left(1-\frac{d_{1}}{100}\right)\) = P …… (1)
Price after 2^nd discount = P₁ \(\left(1-\frac{d_{2}}{100}\right)\) = 108
Substituting for P₁ from (1), we get

1st discount = 20%

Question 12.
Find the rate of compound interest at which a principal becomes 1.69 times itself in 2 years.
Answer:
Let principal be ‘P’
Amount is given to be 1.69 times principal
i.e 1.69 P
Time period is 2yrs. = (n)
Rate of interest = r = ?(required)
Applying the formula,

∴ rate of compound interest is 30%

Question 13.
A small – scale company undertakes an agreement to make 540 motor pumps in 150 days and employs 40 men for the work. After 75 days, the company could make only 180 motor pumps. How many more men should the company employ so that the work is completed on time as per the agreement?
Answer:
Let the number of men to be appointed more be x.

To produce more pumps more men required
∴ It is direct variation.
∴ The multiplying factor is \(\frac{360}{180}\)
More days means less employees needed.
∴ It is Indirect proportion. 75
∴ The multiplying factor is \(\frac{75}{75}\)
Now 40 + x = 40 × \(\frac{360}{180} \times \frac{75}{75}\)
40 + x = 80
x = 80 – 40
x = 40
40 more man should be employed to complete the work on time as per the agreement.

Question 14.
P alone can do \(\frac{1}{2}\) of a work in 6 days and Q alone can do \(\frac{2}{3}\) of the same work in 4 days. in how many days will they finish \(\frac{3}{4}\) of the work, working together?
Answer:
\(\frac{1}{2}\) of the work is done by P in 6 days

\(\frac{2}{3}\) of work done byQin4days.

(P + Q) will finish the whole work in \(\frac{a b}{a+b}\) days= \(\frac{12 \times 6}{12+6}=\frac{12 \times 6}{18}\)= 4 days
(P + Q) will finish \(\frac{-3}{4}\) of the work in 4 × \(\frac{3}{4}\) = 3 days.

Question 15.
X alone can do a piece of work in 6 days and Y alone in 8 days. X and Y undertook the work for ₹ 48000. With the help of Z, they completed the work in 3 days. How much is Z’s share?
Answer:
X can do the work in 6 days.
X’s I day work = \(\frac{1}{6}\)
X’s share for 1 day = \(\frac{1}{6}\) × 48000 = ₹ 800
X’s share for 3 days = 3 × 800 = ₹ 2400
Y can complete the work in 8 days.
Y’s 1 day work = \(\frac{1}{8}\)
Y’s I day share = \(\frac{1}{8}\) × 4800 = ₹ 600
Y’s 3 days share = ₹ 600 × 3 = ₹ 1800
(X+Y)’s 3days share = ₹ 2400 + ₹ 1800 = ₹ 4200
Remaining money is Z’s share
∴ Z’s share = ₹ 4800 – ₹ 4200 = ₹ 600

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.4 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.4

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks
(i) A can finish a job in 3 days whereas B finishes it in 6 days. The time taken to complete the job working together is __________days.
Answer:
2 days

(ii) If 5 persons can do 5 jobs in 5 days, then 50 persons can do 50 jobs in _________ days.
Answer:
5

(iii) A can do a work in 24 days. If A and B together can finish the work in 6 days, then B alone can finish the work in ________ days.
Answer:
8

(iv) A alone can do a piece of work in 35 days. If B is 40% more efficient than A, then B will finish the work in ___________days.
Answer:
25

(v) A alone can do a work in 10 days and B alone in 15 days. They undertook the work for ₹ 200000. The amount that A will get is .
Answer:
₹ 1,20,000

Question 2.
210 men working 12 hours a day can finish ajob in 18 days. How many men are required to finish the job in 20 days working 14 hours a day?
Answer:
Let the required number of men be x.

Hours	Day	Men
12	18	210
14	20	x

More working hours ⇒ less men required.
∴ It is inverse proportion.
∴ Multiplying factor is \(\frac{12}{14}\)
Also more number of days ⇒ less men
∴ It is an inverse proportion.
∴ Multiplying factor is \(\frac{18}{20}\)
∴ x = \(210 \times \frac{12}{14} \times \frac{18}{20}\)

x = 162 men
162 men are required.

Question 3.
A cement factory makes 7000 cement bags in 12 days with the help of 36 machines. How many bags can be made in 18 days using 24 machines?
Answer:
Let he required number of cement bags be x.

Days	Machines	Cement bags
12	36	7000
18	24	x

Number of days more ⇒ More cement bags.
∴ It is direct variation.
∴ The multiplying factor = \(\frac{18}{12}\)
Number of machines more ⇒ More cement bags.
∴ It is direct variation.
∴ The multiplying factor = \(\frac{24}{36}\)
∴ x = \(7000 \times \frac{18}{12} \times \frac{24}{36}\)

x = 7000 cement bags
7000 cement bags can be made

Question 4.
A soap factory produces 9600 soaps in 6 days working 15 hours a day. In how many days will it produce 14400 soaps working 3 more hours a day?
Answer:
Let the required number of days be x.

Soaps	Hours	Days
9600	15	6
14400	(15 + 3) = 18	x

To produce more soaps more days required.
∴ It is direct proportion.
∴ Multiplying factor = \(\frac{14400}{9600}\)
If more hours spend, less days required.
∴ It is indirect proportion
∴ Multiplying factor = \(\frac{15}{18}\)
∴ x = \(6 \times \frac{14400}{9600} \times \frac{15}{18}\)

x = \(\frac{15}{2}\)
\(\frac{15}{2}\) days will be needed.

Question 5.
If 6 container lorries can transport 135 tonnes of goods in 5 days, how many more lorries are required to transport 180 tonnes of goods in 4 days?
Answer:
Let the number of lorries required more = x.

Container lorries	Goods (tonnes)	Days
6	135	5
6 + x	180	4

As the goods are more ⇒ More lorries are needed to transport.
∴ It is direct proportion.
∴ Multiplying factor = \(\frac{180}{135}\)
Again if more days ⇒ less number of lorries enough.
∴ It is direct proportion.
∴ Multiplying factor = \(\frac{5}{4}\)
∴ 6 + x = \(6 \times \frac{180}{135} \times \frac{5}{4}\)

6 + x = 10
x = 10 – 6
x = 4
∴ 4 more lorries are required.

Question 6.
A can do a piece of work in 12 hours, B and C can do it 3 hours whereas A and C can do it in 6 hours. How long will B alone take to do the same work?
Answer:
Time taken by A to complete the work = 12 hrs.
∴ A’s 1 hr work = \(\frac{1}{12}\) —— (1)
(B + C) complete the work in 3 hrs.
∴ (B + C)’s 1 hour work = \(\frac{1}{3}\) —— (2)
(1) + (2) ⇒
∴ (A + B + C)’s 1 hour work = \(\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1+4}{12}=\frac{5}{12}\)
Now (A + C) complete the work in 6 hrs.
∴(A + C)’s 1 hour work = \(\frac{1}{6}\)
∴ B’s 1 hour work = (A+ B + C)’s 1 hour work – (A + C)’s 1 hr work
\(=\frac{5}{12}-\frac{1}{6}=\frac{5-2}{12}=\frac{3}{12}=\frac{1}{4}\)
∴ B alone take 4 days to complete the work.

Question 7.
A and B can do a piece of work in 12 days, while B and C can do it in 15 days whereas A and C can do it in 20 days. How long would each take to do the same work?
Answer:
(A + B) complete the work in 12 days.
∴ (A + B)’s 1 day work = \(\frac{1}{12}\) —— (1)
(B + C) complete the work in 15 days
∴ (B + C)’s 1 day work = \(\frac{1}{15}\) —— (2)
(A + C) complete the work in 20 days
∴ (A + C)’s 1 day work = \(\frac{1}{20}\) —— (3)
Now (1) + (2) + (3) =
[(A + B)+ (B + C) + (A + C)]’s 1 day work = \(\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{20}\)
(2A + 2B + 2C)’s 1 day work = \(\frac{5}{60}+\frac{4}{60}+\frac{3}{60}\)
2(A + B + C)’s 1 day work = \(\frac{5+4+3}{60}\)

LCM = 5 × 4 × 3 = 60
(A + B + C)’s 1 day work = \(\frac{12}{60 \times 2}\)
(A + B + C)’s 1 day work = \(\frac{1}{10}\)
Now A’s I day’s work = (A + B + C)’s 1 day work – (B + C)’s 1 day work
\(=\frac{1}{10}-\frac{1}{15}=\frac{3}{30}-\frac{2}{30}=\frac{1}{30}\)
∴ A takes 30 days to complete the work.
B’s 1 day work – (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work – (A + C)’s 1 day’s work
\(=\frac{1}{10}-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{6}{60}-\frac{3}{60}\)
\(=\frac{6-3}{60}=\frac{3}{60}=\frac{1}{20}\)
B takes 20 days to complete the work.
C’s 1 day work (A + B + C)’s I day work – (A + B)’s I day work
\(=\frac{1}{10}-\frac{1}{12}=\frac{6}{60}-\frac{5}{60}=\frac{6-5}{60}=\frac{1}{60}\)
∴ C takes 60 days to complete the work.

Question 8.
Carpenter A takes 15 minutes to fit the parts of a chair while Carpenter B takes 3 minutes more than A to do the same work. Working together, how long will it take for them to fit the parts for 22 chairs?
Answer:
Time taken by A to fit a chair = 15 minutes
Time taken by B = 3 minutes more than A
= 15 + 3 = 118 minutes
∴ As 1 minute work = \(\frac{1}{15}\)
B’s 1 minute work = \(\frac{1}{18}\)
(A+B)’s 1 minutes work = \(\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{18}\)
\(\frac{12}{180}+\frac{10}{180}=\frac{22}{180}=\frac{11}{90}\)
∴ Time taken by (A + B) to fit a chair

LCM = 3 × 5 × 6 = 180

∴ Time taken by (A + B) to fit a chair
= \(\frac{90}{11}\) × 22 = 180 minutes
= \(\frac{180}{60}\) = 3 hours

Question 9.
A can do a work In 45 days. He works at it for 15 days and then, B alone finishes the remaining work in 24 days. Find the time taken to complete 80% of the work, if they work together.
Answer:
A completes the work in 45 days.
∴ A’s 1 day work = \(\frac{1}{45}\)

Remaining work = \(1-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{3-1}{3}=\frac{2}{3}\)
B finishes \(\frac{2}{3}\) rd work in 24 days

Let x days required

Question 10.
A is thrice as fast as B. If B can do a piece of work in 24 days then, find the number of days they will take to complete the work together.
Answer:
If B does the work in 3 days, A will do it in I day.
B complete the work in 24 days.
∴ A complete the same work in \(\frac{24}{3}\) = 8 days.
∴ (A + B) complete the work in \(\frac{a b}{a+b}\) days
= \(\frac{24 \times 8}{24+8}\) days
= \(\frac{24 \times 8}{32}\) days = 6 days

They together complete the work in 6 days.