Samacheer Kalvi 8th Science Guide Book Back Answers Solutions

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Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Guide Book Back Answers Solutions

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Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Book Back Answers Solutions

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Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4

Question 1.
Two gates are fitted at the entrance of a library. To open the gates easily, a wheel is fixed at 6 feet distance from the wall to which the gate is fixed. If one of the gates is opened to 90°, find the distance moved by the wheel (π = 3.14).
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 1
Amswer:
Let A be the position of the wall AC be the gate in initial position and AB be position when it is moved 90°.
Now the arc length BC gives the distance moved by the wheel.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 2
Length of the arc = \(\frac{\theta}{360^{\circ}}\) × 2πr units
= \(\frac{90^{\circ}}{360^{\circ}}\) × 2 × 3.14 × 6 feets
= 3.14 × 3 feets
= 9.42 feets
∴ Distance moved by the wheel = 9.42 feets.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4

Question 2.
With his usual speed, if a person covers a circular track of radius 150 m in 9 minutes, find the distance that he covers in 3 minutes (π = 3.14).
Answer:
Radius of the circular track = 150m
Distance covers in 9 minutes = Perimeter of the circle = 2 × π × r units
Distance covered in 9 min = 2 × 3.14 × 150m
Distance covered in 1 min = \(\frac{2 \times 3.14 \times 150}{9} \mathrm{m}\)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 3
Distance he covers in 3min = 314m

Question 3.
Find the area of the house drawing given in the figure.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 4
Answer:
Area of the house = Area of a square of side 6 cm + Area of a rectangle with l = 8cm, b = 6 cm + Area of a ∆ with b = 6 cm and h = 4 cm + Area of a parallelogram with b = 8 cm, h = 4 cm
= (side × side) + (l × b) + (\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × b × h) + bh cm2
= (6 × 6) + (8 × 6) + (\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 6 × 4) + (8 × 4) cm2
= 36 + 48 + 12 + 32 cm2
= 128 cm2
Required Area = 128 cm2

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4

Question 4.
Draw the top, front and side view of the following solid shapes
(i)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 5
Answer:
(a) Top view
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 6

(b) Front view
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 7

(c) Side view
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 8

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4

(ii)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 9
Answer:
(a) Top view
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 10

(b) Front view
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 11

(c) Side view
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 12

Challenging Problems

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4

Expert Guide to Buying and Selling Feet on Feet Finder ·

Question 5.
Guna has fixed a single door of width 3 feet in his room where as Nathan has fixed a double door, each of width 1 \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) feet in his room. From the closed position, if each of the single and double doors can open up to 120°, whose door takes a minimum area?
Answer:
Width of the door that Guna fixed = 3 feet.
When the door is open the radius of the sector = 3 feet
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 13
Angle covered = 120°
∴ Area required to open the door
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 14
= 3π feet2

(b) Width of the double doors that Nathan fixed = 1 \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) feet.
Angle described to open = 120°
Area required to open = 2 × Area of the sector
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 15z
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (3π) feet2
∴ The double door requires the minimum area.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4

Question 6.
In a rectangular field which measures 15 m x 8m, cows are tied with a rope of length 3m at four corners of the field and also at the centre. Find the area of the field where none of the cow can graze. (π = 3.14).
Answer:
Area of the field where none of the cow can graze = Area of the rectangle – [Area of 4 quadrant circles] – Area of a circle
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 16
Area of the rectangle = l × b units2
= 15 × 8m2 = 120m2
Area of 4 quadrant circles = 4 × \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\) πr2 units
Radius ofthe circle = 3m
Area of 4 quadrant circles = 4 × \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\) × 3.14 × 3 × 3 = 28.26 m2
Area of the circle at the middle = πr2 units
= 3.14 × 3 × 3m2 = 28.26m2
∴ Area where none of the cows can graze
= [120 – 28.26 – 28.26]m2 = 120 – 56.52 m2 = 63.48 m2

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4

Question 7.
Three identical coins, each of diameter 6 cm are placed as shown. Find the area of the shaded region between the coins. (π = 3.14) (√3 = 1.732)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 17
Answer:
Given diameter of the coins = 6 cm
∴ Radius of the coins = \(\frac { 6 }{ 2 }\) = 3 cm
Area of the shaded region = Area of equilateral triangle – Area of 3 sectors of angle 60°
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 18
Area of the equilateral triangle = \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\) a2 units2 = \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\) × 6 × 6 cm2
= \(\frac{1.732}{4}\) × 6 × 6 cm2 = 15.588 cm2
Area of 3 sectors = 3 × \(\frac{\theta}{360^{\circ}}\) × πr2 sq.units
= 3 × \(\frac{60^{\circ}}{360^{\circ}}\) × 3.14 × 3 × 3 cm2 = 1.458 cm2
∴ Area of the shaded region = 15.588 – 14.13 cm2 = 1.458 cm2
Required area = 1.458 cm2 (approximately)

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4

Question 8.
Using Euler’s formula, find the unknowns.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 19
Answer:
Euler’s formula is given by F + V – E = 2
(i) V = 6, E = 14
By Euler’s formula = F + 6 – 14 = 2
F = 2 + 14 – 6
F = 10

(ii) F = 8,E = 10
By Euler’s formula = 8 + V – 10 = 2
V = 2 – 8 + 10
V = 4

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4

(iii) F = 20, V = 10
By Euler’s formula = 20 + 10 — E = 2
30 – E = 2
E = 30 – 2.
E = 28
Tabulating the required unknowns
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 2 Measurements Ex 2.4 20

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Guide Geography Chapter 5 Hazards

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Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Hazards Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Percentage Off Calculator is a free online tool that displays the percentage off of the product.

I. Choose the correct answer.
1. ………………. percentage of nitrogen is present in the air.
a) 78.09%
b) 74.08%
c) 80.07%
d) 76.63%
Answer:
a) 78.09%

2. Tsunami in the Indian Ocean took place in the year ………………. .
a) 1990
b) 2004
c) 2005
d) 2008
Answer:
b) 2004

3. The word tsunami is derived from ………………. language.
a) Hindi
b) French
c) Japanese
d) German
Answer:
c) Japanese

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Guide Geography Chapter 7 Mapping Skills

4. The example of surface water is
a) Artesian well
b) Groundwater
c) Subsurface water
d) Lake
Answer:
d) Lake

5. Event that occurs due to the failure of monsoons.
a) Condensation
b) Drought
c) Evaporation
d) Precipitation
Answer:
b) Drought

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. Hazards may lead to …………….
Answer:
affect the community most severely

2. Landslide is an example of …………… hazard.
Answer:
geologic

3. On the basis of origin, the hazard can be grouped into …………… categories.
Answer:
8 (or) eight

4. Terrorism is an example of …………… hazard.
Answer:
human-induced

5. Oxides of nitrogen are …………… pollutants which affect human beings.
Answer:
primary

6. Chernobyl nuclear accident took place in
Answer:
26th April 1986

III. Match the following.

List I List II
1. Primary pollutant a. Terrorism
2. Hazardous waste b. Tsunami
3. Earthquake c. Outdated drugs
4. Meteorological drought d. Oxides of sulphur
5. Human induced hazard e. Reduction in rainfall

Answer:

List I List II
1. Primary pollutant d. Oxides of sulphur
2. Hazardous waste c. Outdated drugs
3. Earthquake b. Tsunami
4. Meteorological drought e. Reduction in rainfall
5. Human induced hazard a. Terrorism

IV. Answer in brief.
1. Define ‘hazard’?
Answer:
‘Hazards are defined as a thing, person, event or factor that poses a threat to people, structures or economic assets and which may cause a disaster.’

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Guide Geography Chapter 7 Mapping Skills

2. What are the major types of hazards?
Answer:

  • Natural hazards
  • Human-made hazards
  • Socio-natural hazards

3. Write a brief note on hazardous wastes.
Answer:
The wastes that may or tend to cause adverse health effects on the ecosystem and human beings are called hazardous wastes.

4. List out the major flood-prone areas of our country.
Answer:
Punjab, West Bengal, Odisha are the region which is also prone to flood often.

5. Mention the types of drought.
Answer:
Drought could be classified into three types. They are:

  1. Meteorological drought
  2. Hydrological drought
  3. Agricultural drought

6. Why should not we construct houses in foothill areas?
Answer:
Because of the presence of steep slopes and heavy rainfall we should not construct houses at the foothills areas.

V. Distinguish the following.
1. Hazards and disasters.

Hazards Disasters
Hazards occur frequently and threaten people. It is a hazardous event that occurs over a limited time span.
Ex: Natural hazards, Earthquake. Ex: Flood

2. Natural hazards and human-made hazards.

Natural hazard Human-made hazard
Man has no role to play in such hazards. These are caused by the undesirable activities of humans.
Ex: Flood, drought, etc. Ex: Pollution of air and water

3. Flood and drought.

Flood Drought
It occurs through heavy rainfall. It occurs through no rainfall.
It is often held in the coastal Andhra Pradesh & Odisha. The dry region has seen in the leeward side of Western ghats.

4. Earthquake and tsunami.

Earthquake Tsunami
The violent tremor of the earth’s crust is called an Earthquake. Tsunami refers to huge ocean waves caused by landslides.
The study of earthquakes is called Seismograph. The study of the Tsunami is called Oceanography.

VI. Answer in a paragraph.
1. Write an essay on air pollution.
Answer:
Pollution of Air:

  1. Air is a mixture of several gases.
  2. The main gases are nitrogen (78.09%) for forming products such as fertilizers for plants and for making the air inert, oxygen (20.95%) for breathing and carbon dioxide (0.03%) for photosynthesis.
  3. Some other gases like argon, neon, helium, krypton, hydrogen, zenon and methane are also present.
  4. Air pollution is the contamination of indoor or outdoor air by a range of gases. Air pollution can be categorized into primary and secondary pollutants.
  5. A primary pollutant is an air pollutant emitted directly from a source.
  6. A secondary pollutant is not directly emitted.
  7. Primary pollutants are as follows:
    • Oxides of Sulphur
    • Oxides of Nitrogen
    • Oxides of Carbon
    • Particulate Matter and
    • Other primary pollutants
  8. Secondary pollutants are as follows:
    • Ground Level Ozone
    • Smog

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Guide Geography Chapter 7 Mapping Skills

2. Define earthquake and list out its effects.
Answer:
Earthquakes:

  • Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin.
  • Earthquake-prone regions of the country have been identified on the basis of scientific inputs relating to seismicity, earthquakes that occurred in the past, and the tectonic setup of the region.
  • Based on these inputs, the Bureau of Indian Standards has grouped the country into four seismic zones: Zone II, Zone III, Zone IV, and Zone V (No area of India is classified as Zone I).
    Seismic Zones Level of Risk
    Zone V Very High
    Zone IV High
    Zone III Moderate
    Zone II Low

3. Give a detailed explanation of the causes of landslides.
Answer:

1. Landslide is a rapid downward movement of rock, soil, and vegetation down the slope under the influence of gravity.

2. The causes of landslides are wide-ranging, They have two aspects in common.

3. Force of gravity and

4. Failure of Soil

5. Landslides are considered of two types. They are:

  • Naturally occurring disaster.
  • Human-induced changes in the environment.

6. Natural causes of landslides are:

  • Climatic changes
  • Seismic activities
  • Weathering
  • Soil erosion
  • Forest fires
  • Gravity and
  • Volcanic eruption

7. Human causes of landslides include deforestation mining, construction of roads, and railways over the mountain.

4. Elaborately discuss the effects of water pollution.
Answer:

  • It may cause a harmful effect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives in it.
  • It may be defined as alternation in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water, which may cause harmful effects in human and aquatic life.

The major causes of water pollution in India are:

  • Urbanisation
  • Industrial effluents
  • Sewages etc.
  • Agricultural runoff and improper agricultural practices
  • Seawater intrusion
  • Solid wastes

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Hazards Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer.
1. The content of Oxygen in the air is …………….
a) 20.95%
b) 21.95%
c) 22.95%
d) 23.95%
Answer:
a) 20.95%

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Guide Geography Chapter 7 Mapping Skills

2. The word ‘hazard’ Originated from the ……………. language.
a) French
b) Telugu
c) Malayalam
d) Kannada
Answer:
a) French

3. National Institute of Disaster Management located in ……………..
a) Britain
b) New Delhi
c) France
d) Japan
Answer:
b) New Delhi

4. In Tamil Nadu ……………. coastal districts are frequently affected by Storm Surges.
a) 13
b) 14
c) 15
d) 16
Answer:
a) 13

5. The areas that receive an annual rainfall of less than ……………. are the drought zone regions of India.
a) 60 cm
b) 50 cm
c) 40 cm
d) 45 cm
Answer:
a) 60 cm

6. The meaning of Tsunami is ……………..
a) Wave
b) Harbour wave
c) Storm
d) Storm wave
Answer:
b) Harbour wave

7. In ……………. the Ukraine part of Exclusion Zone was declared as a radiogical and environmental biosphere.
a) 2013
b) 2014
c) 2015
d)2016
Answer:
d) 2016

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Guide Geography Chapter 7 Mapping Skills

8. In India about ……………. of the land mass is prone to landslide hazard.
a) 15%
b) 18%
c) 19%
d) 20%
Answer:
a) 15%

9. In Trophical Cyclones the wind Speed may reach upto ……………. per hour.
a) 200 km
b) 100 km
c) 300 km
d) 400 km
Answer:
a) 200 km

10. High-Pressure Zone is mentioned in the Geographical map as ……………. letter.
a) L
b) P
c) H
d) S
Answer:
c) H

II. Fill in the blanks.
1. The meaning of hazard is ………………..
Answer:
a game of dice

2. ………………. may be worsened by the destruction of mangroves.
Answer:
Storm Surge hazard

3. ………………. is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust.
Answer:
Earthquake

4. ………………. is a strong wind circulating around a low-pressure area in the atmosphere.
Answer:
Cyclonic Storm

5. During Cyclonic the wind speed may reach upto …………. km and rainfall may record up to …………… cm.
Answer:
200, 50

6. A sudden rise of sea water due to trophical cyclone is called ………………..
Answer:
Storm Surge

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Guide Geography Chapter 7 Mapping Skills

7. ………………. and ………………. are the major causes of landslides.
Answer:
Steep slope, heavy rainfall

8. In Tamil Nadu ………………. and ………………. are frequently affected by landslides.
Answer:
Kodaikanal, Ooty

9. The gas used for Photosynthesis is ………………..
Answer:
Carbon dioxide

10. A ………………. pollutant is an air pollutant emitted directly from a Source.
Answer:
Primary

11. ………………. may be defined by alteration is the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water.
Answer:
Water Pollution

12. In India ………………. is perhaps the most critical components in Managing Disasters.
Answer:
prevention

13. Example for Biological hazard is ………………..
Answer:
Chicken Box

14. ………………., ………………. are Human-made hazards.
Answer:
Explosions, hazardous waste

15. Primary Pollutant example ………………..
Answer:
oxides of Sulphur

III. Match the following.

1. Geological hazard a) Floods, Coastal erosion
2. Hydrologic hazard b) Eruptions and Lava flows
3. Volcanic hazard c) Chickenpox, Smallpox
4. Environmental hazard d) Earthquakes, Tsunami
5. Biological hazard e) Soil, air

Answer:

1. Geological hazard d) Earthquakes, Tsunami
2. Hydrologic hazard a) Floods, Coastal erosion
3. Volcanic hazard b) Eruptions and Lava flows
4. Environmental hazard e) Soil, air
5. Biological hazard c) Chickenpox, Smallpox

IV. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. Tsunami means Stormy Surge.
Answer:
False

2. A Secondary Pollutant is not directly emitted.
Answer:
True

V. Assertion and Reasons.
1. Assertion: Landslides are generally Sudden and infrequent.
Reason: The presence of Sleep Slope and heavy rainfall are the major causes of landslides.
a) A is correct but R is incorrect
b) Both A and R are incorrect
c) A is incorrect and R is correct
d) Both A and R are correct
Answer:
d) Both A and R are correct

VI. Answer in brief.
1. Define Catastrophe.
Answer:
A catastrophe is a massive disaster that requires a significant expenditure of money and a long time for recovery.

2. What are the major causes of floods?
Answer:
The major causes of floods are:
Meteorological factors

  • Heavy rainfall
  • Tropical cyclones
  • Cloudburst Physical factors
  • Large catchment area
  • Inadequate drainage arrangement

Human factors

  • Deforestation
  • Siltation
  • Faulty agricultural practices
  • Faulty irrigation practices
  • Collapse of dams
  • Accelerated urbanisation.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Guide Geography Chapter 7 Mapping Skills

3. Write short notes on Indian Ocean Tsunami?
Answer:

  • On December 26, 2004, at 7:59 a.m. local time, an undersea earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1 struck off the coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra.
  • The tsunami killed at least 2,25,000 people across a dozen countries, with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Somalia and Maldives, sustaining massive damage.

4. Explain Prevention Measures.
Answer:
Prevention is defined as the activities taken to prevent a natural calamity or potential hazard from having harmful effects on either people or economic assets.

VII. Distinguish the following.
1. Geologic hazard and Environmental hazard.

Geologic hazard Environmental hazard
Earthquakes, Tsunami, Landslide and Land subsidence. Pollution of soil/ air/water, Desertification, Global warming and Deforestation.

VIII. Answer in a paragraph.
1. Explain about Socio – natural hazards.
Answer:
Socio-natural hazards:
These are caused by the combined effect of natural forces and misdeeds of human. Some of the examples are:

  • The frequency and intensity of floods and droughts may increase due to indiscriminate felling of trees, particularly in the catchment areas of the rivers.
  • Landslides are caused by natural forces and their frequency, and impact may be aggravated as a result of construction of roads, houses etc., in mountainous areas, excavating tunnels and by mining and quarrying.
  • Storm surge hazards may be worsened by the destruction of mangroves.
  • Smog is a serious problem in most big urban areas. The emissions from vehicles and industries, combustion of wood and coal together combined with fog leads to smog.

2. Explain the Hazards based on their origin.
Answer:
Hazards can be grouped into eight categories
1. Atmospheric hazard:
Tropical storms, Thunderstorms, Lightning, Tornadoes, Avalanches, Heat waves, Fog and Forest fire.

2. Geologic/Seismic hazard:
Earthquakes, Tsunami, Landslide and Land subsidence.

3. Hydrologic hazard:
Floods, Droughts, Coastal erosion and Storm surges.

4. Volcanic hazard:
Eruptions and Lava flows.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Guide Geography Chapter 7 Mapping Skills

5. Environmental hazard:
Pollution of soil/ air/water, Desertification, Global warming and Deforestation.

6. Biological hazard:
Chickenpox, Smallpox, AIDS [HIV] and Killer bees.

7. Technological hazard:
Hazardous material incidents, Fires, Infrastructure failures [Bridges, Tunnels, Dams, Nuclear and Radiological accidents].

8. Human-induced hazard:
Terrorism, Bomb blast, War, Transportation accidents and Civil disorder.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Question 1.
Which of the following data can be represented in a histogram?
(i) The number of mountain climbers in the age group 20 to 60 in TamilNadu.
Answer:
Yes

(ii) Production of cycles in different years.
Answer:
No

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

(iii) The number of students in each class of a school.
Answer:
No

(iv) The number votes polled from 7 am to 6 pm in an election.
Answer:
Yes

(v) The wickets fallen from 1 over to 50th over in a one day cricket match.
Answer:
Yes

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) The total area of the histogram is _________ to the total frequency of the given data.
Answer:
proportional

(ii) A graph that displays data that changes continuously over the periods of time is _________ .
Answer:
Histogram

(iii) Histogram is a graphical representation of_________ data.
Answer:
grouped

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Question 3.
In a village, there are 570 people who have cell phones. An NGO survey their cell phone usage. Based on this survey a histogram is drawn. Answer the following questions.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 1

(i) How many people use the cell phone for less than 3 hours?
Answer:
330 people (110 + 220)

(ii) How many of them use the cell phone for more than 5 hours?
Answer:
150 of them (100 + 50)

(iii) Are people using cell phone for less than 1 hour?
Answer:
No

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Question 4.
Draw a histogram for the following data.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 2
Answer:
The given (tata IS continuous frequency distribution taking class intervals on X axis and No. of students on Y-axis, the histogram is given below.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 3

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Question 5.
Construct a histogram from the following distribution of total marks of 40 students in a class.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 4
Answer:
The given distribution is continuous taking marks on X axis and No. of students on Y-axis the histogram is constructed.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 5

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Question 6.
The distribution of heights (in cm ) of loo people is given below. Construct a histogram and the frequency polygon imposed on it.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 6
Answer:
The given distribution is discontinuous.
Converting into continuous distribution we have
Lower boundary = lower limit – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (gap between adjacent class interval)
= 125 – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (1) = 124.5
Upper boundary = Upper limit + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (gap between the adjacent class interval)
= 135 + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) = 135.5
∴ The new frequency table is
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 7
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 8

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Question 7.
In a study of dental problem, the following data were obtained.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 9
Represent the above data by a frequency polygon.
Answer:
Finding the midpoints of the class interval we get.

Ages Mid point (x) No. of patients
0 – 10 5 5
10 – 20 15 13
20 – 30 25 25
30 – 40 35 14
40 – 50 45 30
50 – 60 55 35
60 – 70 65 43
70 – 80 75 50

The points tobe plotted are A(5,5), B(15, 13), C(25, 25), D(35, 14), E(45, 30), G(65, 43.), H(75, 50) to obtain the frequency polygon ZABCDEFGHI.
Where I imagined class between 80 and 90.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 10

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Question 8.
The marks obtained by 50 students in Mathematics are given below (j) Make a frequency distribution table taking a class size of 10 marks (ii) Draw a histogram and a frequency polygon.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 11
Answer:
Maximum marks obtained = 89
Minimum marks obtained = 08
Range = Maximum marks – Minimim marks
= 89 – 08
= 81
Taking the class size = 10, then
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 12
= \(\frac{81}{10}\) = 8.1 = 9
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 13
Now we have the continuous frequency table.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 14
We will draw the histogram taking class interval in x-axis and frequency in y-axis as follows.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2 15

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Objective Type Questions

Question 9.
Data is a collection of _________
(A) numbers
(B) words
(C) measurements
(D) all the three
Answer:
(D) all the three

Question 10.
The number of times an observation occurs in the given data is called _________
(A) tally marks
(B) data
(C) frequency
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) frequency

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

This age difference calculator lets you quickly determine the age gap between two people.

Question 11.
The difference between the largest value and the smallest value of the given data is ________
(A) range
(B) frequency
(C) variable
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) range

Question 12.
The data that can take values between a certain range is called_________
(A) ungrouped
(B) grouped
(C) frequency
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) grouped

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Question 13.
Inclusive series is a _________series.
(A) continuous
(B) discontinuous
(C) both
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) discontinuous

Question 14.
In a class interval the upper limit of one class is the lower limit of the other class. This is _________ series.
(A) Inclusive
(B) exclusive
(C) ungrouped
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) exclusive

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Question 15.
The graphical representation of ungrouped data is ________
(A) histogram
(B) frequency polygon
(C) pie chart
(D) all the three
Answer:
(C) pie chart

Question 16.
Histogram is a graph of a ________ frequency distribution.
(A) continuous
(B) discontinuous
(C) discrete
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) continuous

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.2

Question 17.
A _________ is a line graph for the graphical representation of the continuous frequency
distribution.
(A) frequency polygon
(B) histogram
(C) pie chart
(D) bar graph
Answer:
(A) frequency polygon

Question 18.
The graphical representation of grouped data is _________
(A) bar graph
(B) pictograph
(C) pie chart
(D) histogram
Answer:
(D) histogram

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) If 30 % of x is 150, then x is _______ .
Answer:
500
Hint:
Given 30% of x is 150
i.e \(\frac{30}{100}\) × x = 150
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 1
∴ x = 500

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1

(ii) 2 minutes is _______ % to an hour.
Answer:
3\(\frac{1}{3}\)%
Hint:
Let 2 min be x% of an hour
and 1 hr = 60mm
x% = \(\frac{2}{60} \times 100=\frac{200}{60}=\frac{10}{3}=3 \frac{1}{3}\)
x = 3\(\frac{1}{3}\)%

(iii) If x% of x = 25, then x = _______ .
Answer:
50
Hint:
Given that x% of x is 25
∴ \(\frac{x}{100}\) × x = 25
∴ x2 = 25 × 100 = 2500
∴ x = √2500 = 50

(iv) In a school of 1400 students, there are 420 girls. The percentage of boys in the school is _______ .
Answer:
70
Hint:
Given total number of students in school = 1400
Number of girls in school = 420
∴ Number of boys in school = 1400 – 420 = 980
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 2
= \(\frac{980}{14}\) = 70
% of boys = 70%

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1

(v) 0.5252 is _______ %.
Answer:
52.52%
Hint:
Given a number, and to express as a percentage, we need to multiply by 100
∴ to express 0.5252 as percentage, we should multiply by 100
∴ 0.5252 × 100 = 52.52%

percent difference Calculator can be found by first finding the difference between the numbers, then finding the average of the numbers, and then dividing.

Question 2.
Rewrite each underlined part using percentage language.
(i) One half of the cake is distributed to the children.
Answer:
50% of the cake is distributed to the children
Hint:
One half is nothing but \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)
as percentage, we need to multiply by 100
∴ \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 100 = 50%

(ii) Aparna scored 7.5 points out of 10 in a competition.
Answer:
Aparna scored 75% in a competition
Hint:
7.5 points out of 10 is \(\frac{7.5}{10}\) = 0.75
For percentage, we need to multiply by 100
We get 0.75 × 100 = 75%

(iii) The statue was made of pure silver.
Answer:
The statue was made of 100% pure silver
Hint:
Pure silver means there are no other metals
so, 100 out of 100 parts is made of silver = \(\frac{100}{100}\)
∴ to express as percentage, \(\frac{100}{100}\) × 100% = 100%

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1

(iv) 48 out of 50 students participated in sports.
Answer:
96% students participated in sports.
Hint:
48 out of 50 students in fraction form is \(\frac{48}{50}\)
As a percentage, we need to multiply by 100
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 3

(v) Only 2 persons out of 3 will be selected in the interview.
Answer:
Only 66\(\frac{2}{3}\)% will be selected in the interview.
Hint:
2 out of 3 in fraction form is \(\frac{2}{3}\)
to express as percentage, we need to multiply by 100
\(\frac{2}{3} \times 100=\frac{200}{3}=66 \frac{2}{3} \%\)

To convert CGPA to Percentage, we need to multiply CGPA by 9.5, which will give us the percentage.

Question 3.
48 is 32% of which number?
Answer:
Let the number required to be found be ‘x’
Given that 32% of x is 48
i.e., \(\frac{32}{100}\) × x = 48
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 4
∴ x = 150

Question 4.
What is 25% of 30% of 400?
Answer:
Required to find 25% of 30% of 400
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 5

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1

The percentage decrease calculator determines the change from one amount to a lesser amount in terms of percent decrease.

Question 5.
If a car is sold for ₹ 2,00,000 from its original price of ₹ 3,00,000, then find the percentage of decrease in the value of the car.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 6
Answer:
original price of car = ₹ 3,00,000
actual selling price of car = ₹ 2,00,000
Decrease in amount from original = 3,00,000 – 2,00,000 = 1,00,000
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 7

Question 6.
If the difference between 75% of a number and 60% of the same number is 82.5, then find 20% of that number.
Answer:
Given that 75% of number less 60% of number is 82.5
Let the number be ‘x’
∴ \(\frac{75}{100}\) x x – \(\frac{60}{100}\) x x = 82.5
∴ 0.75 x – 0.60 x = 82.5
∴ 0.15 x = 82.5
∴ x = \(\frac{82.5}{0.15}=\frac{8250}{15}\) = 550
Required to find 20% of number ie 20% of x.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 8

Question 7.
A number when increased by 18% gives 236. Find the number.
Answer:
Let the number be x. Given that when it is increased by 18%, we get 236.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 9

Question 8.
A number when decreased by 20% gives 80. Find the number.
Answer:
Let the number be x. Given that when it is increased by 20% we get 80.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 10
x = 100

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1

It is important to learn to convert CGPA into percentage because both the systems are interconnected.

Question 9.
A number is increased by 25% and then decreased by 20%. Find the percentage change in that number.
Answer:
Method 1.
Let the number be x.
First it is increased by 25%
∴ It becomes x + \(\frac{25}{100}\) × x = \(\frac{125}{100}\)
Secondary it is decreased by 20%
\(\frac{125 x}{100}-\frac{20}{100} \times \frac{125}{100} x=\frac{125}{100} x \times \frac{80}{100}=x\)
Now we get back x, therefore there is no change.
Hence percentage change in that number is 0%

Method 2.
[to understand, let us assume that number is 100]
So, first when we increase by 25%, we get
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 11
Now this 125 is decreased by 20%, we get
125 – \(\frac{25}{100}\) × 125 = 125 – 25 = 100
∴ We get back 100 ⇒ No change
Hence percentage change in that number is 0%

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1

Question 10.
The ratio of boys and girls in a class is 5:3. If 16% of boys and 8% of girls failed in an examination, then find the percentage of passed students.
Answer:
Let number of boys be ‘b’ and number of girls be ‘g’
Ratio of boys and girls is given as 5:3
b:g = 5:3 ⇒ \(\frac{b}{g}=\frac{5}{3}\) …… (A)
Failure in boys = 16% = \(\frac{16}{100}\) × b = \(\frac{16b}{100}\)
Failure in girls = 8% = \(\frac{8}{100}\) × g = \(\frac{8g}{100}\)
Pass in boys = 100 – 16% = 84% = \(\frac{84}{100} b\) …… (1)
Pass in girls = 100 – 8% = 92% = \(\frac{92}{100} g\) ……. (2)
From A, we have \(\frac{b}{g}=\frac{5}{3}\) , adding I on both sides, we get
\(\frac{b}{g}\) + 1 = \(\frac{5}{3}\) + 1
\(\frac{b+g}{g}=\frac{5+3}{3}=\frac{8}{3}\)
∴ g = \(\frac{3}{8}\)(b + g) ……. (3)
Similarly b = \(\frac{5}{8}\) (b + g) ……. (4)
Total pass = pass in girls + pass in boys
= (1) + (2) = \(\frac{84}{100} b+\frac{92}{100} g\)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 12

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1

Objective Type Questions

Question 11.
12% of 250 litre is the same as ________ of 150 litre.
(A) 10%
(B) 15%
(C) 20%
(D) 30%
Answer:
(C) 20%
Hint:
12% of 250 = \(\frac{12}{100}\) × 250 = 30 lit.
Percentage: \(\frac{30}{150}\) × 100 = 20%

Question 12.
If three candidates A, B and C in a school election got 153,245 and 102 votes respectively, then the percentage of votes got by the winner is ________ .
(A) 48%
(B) 49%
(C) 50%
(D) 45%
Answer:
(B) 49%
Hint:
Candidate 1: 153
Candidate 2: 245 – winner [as maximum votes)
Candidate 3: 102
Total votes = 1 + 2 + 3 = 153 + 245 + 102 = 500
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 13
= \(\frac{245}{500}\) × 100 = 49%

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1

Question 13.
15% of 25% of 10000 = ________ .
(A) 375
(B) 400
(C) 425
(D) 475
Answer:
(A) 375
Hint:
15% of 25% of 10000 is
First let us do 25% of 10,000, which is
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 14
Next 15% of the above is \(\frac{15}{100}\) × 2500 = 375

Question 14.
When 60 is subtracted from 60% of a number to give 60, the number is
(A) 60
(B) 100
(C) 150
(D) 200
Answer:
(D) 200
Hint:
Let the number be ‘X’
60% of the number is \(\frac{60}{100}\) × x = \(\frac{60x}{100}\)
Given that when 60 is subtracted from 60%, we get 60
i.e \(\frac{60}{100}\) x – 60 = 60
∴ \(\frac{60}{100}\) x 60 + 60 = 120
∴ x = \(\frac{120 \times 100}{60}\) = 200

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1

Question 15.
If 48% of 48 = 64% of x, then x =
(A) 64
(B) 56
(C) 42
(D) 36
Answer:
(D) 36
Hint:
Given that 48% of 48 = 64% of x
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics Ex 4.1 15
x = 36

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Recap Exercise (Text Book Page No. 3)

Question 1.
The simplest form of \(\frac{125}{200}\) is
Answer:
\(\frac{125}{200}=\frac{125 \div 25}{200 \div 25}=\frac{5}{8}\)
= \(\frac{5}{8}\)

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Question 2.
Which of the following is not an equivalent fraction of \(\frac{8}{12}\) ?
(A) \(\frac{2}{3}\)
(B) \(\frac{16}{24}\)
(C) \(\frac{32}{60}\)
(D) \(\frac{24}{36}\)
Answer:
(C) \(\frac{32}{60}\)
\(\frac{8}{12}=\frac{8+4}{12 \div 4}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\frac{8}{12}=\frac{8 \times 2}{12 \times 2}=\frac{16}{24}\)
\(\frac{8}{12}=\frac{8 \times 3}{12 \times 3}=\frac{24}{36}\)
But \(\frac{32}{60}=\frac{32 \div 5}{60 \div 5}=\frac{6.4}{12}\)
∴ \(\frac{32}{60}\) is not equivalent fraction of \(\frac{8}{12}\)

Question 3.
Which is bigger \(\frac{8}{9}\) or \(\frac{4}{5}\) ?
Answer:
LCM of 5 and 9 = 45
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 1
\(\frac{8}{9}\) is bigger than \(\frac{4}{5}\)

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

The LCM of 12 and 16 is 48.

Question 4.
Add the fractions : \(\frac{3}{5}+\frac{5}{8}+\frac{7}{10}\).
Answer:
LCM of 5, 8, 10 = 5 × 2 × 4
= 40
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 2
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 3

Question 5.
Simplify: \(\frac{1}{8}-\left(\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{4}\right)\)
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 4

Question 6.
Multiply: \(2 \frac{3}{5}\) and \(1 \frac{4}{7}\).
Answer:
\(2 \frac{3}{5} \times 1 \frac{4}{7}=\frac{13}{5} \times \frac{11}{7}=\frac{143}{35}=4 \frac{3}{35}\)

Question 7.
Divide \(\frac{7}{36}\) by \(\frac{35}{81}\).
Answer:
\(\frac{7}{36}+\frac{35}{81}=\frac{7}{36} \times \frac{81}{35}=\frac{9}{20}\)

Question 8.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 5
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 6

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Question 9.
In a city \(\frac{7}{20}\) of the population are women and \(\frac{1}{4}\) are children. Find the fraction of the population of men.
Answer:
Let the total population = 1
Population of men = Total population – Women – Children
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 7
∴ Population of men = \(\frac{2}{5}\)

Question 10.
Represent \(\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}\right)\) by a diagram.
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 8

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 3)

Question 1.
Is the number -7 a rational number? Why?
Answer:
A rational number, Because – 7 = \(\frac{-14}{2}=\frac{p}{q}\)

Question 2.
Write any 6 rational numbers between 0 and 1.
Answer:
\(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{6}, \frac{1}{7}\)

Try These (Text Book Page No. 4)

That’s literally all there is to it! 1/8 as a decimal is 0.125.

Write the decimal forms of the following rational numbers:

Question 1.
\(\frac{4}{5}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{4}{5}=\frac{4 \times 20}{5 \times 20}=\frac{80}{100}=0.80\)

Question 2.
\(\frac{6}{25}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{6}{25}=\frac{6 \times 4}{25 \times 4}=\frac{24}{100}=0.24\)

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

5/9 as a decimal is 0.56

Question 3.
\(\frac{486}{1000}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{486}{1000}\) = 0.486

Question 4.
\(\frac{1}{9}\)
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 9
\(\frac{1}{9}\) = 0.11….

Question 5.
\(3 \frac{1}{4}\)
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 10
\(3 \frac{1}{4}\) = \(\frac{13}{4}\) = 3.25

That’s literally all there is to it! 5/8 as a decimal is 0.625.

Question 6.
\(-2 \frac{3}{5}\)
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 11
\(-2 \frac{3}{5}\) = \(\frac{-13}{5}\) = -2.6

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 6)

Question 1.
\(\frac{7}{3}=\frac{?}{9}=\frac{49}{?}=\frac{-21}{?}\)
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 12

Question 2.
\(\frac{-2}{5}=\frac{?}{10}=\frac{6}{?}=\frac{-8}{?}\)
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 13
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 14

Try These (Text Book Page No. 7)

Question 1.
Which of the following pairs represents equivalent rational numbers?
(i) \(\frac{-6}{4}, \frac{18}{-12}\)
(ii) \(\frac{-4}{-20}, \frac{1}{-5}\)
(iii) \(\frac{-12}{-17}, \frac{60}{85}\)
Answer:
(i) \(\frac{-6}{4}, \frac{18}{-12}\)
\(\frac{-6}{4}=\frac{-6 \times 3}{4 \times 3}=\frac{-18}{12}\)
∴ \(\frac{-6}{4}\) equivalent to \(\frac{-18}{12}\)

(ii) \(\frac{-4}{-20}, \frac{1}{-5}\)
\(\frac{-4}{-20}=\frac{-4 \div(-4)}{-20 \div(-4)}=\frac{1}{5} \neq-\frac{1}{5}\)
∴ \(\frac{-4}{-20}\) equivalent to \(\frac{1}{-5}\)

(iii) \(\frac{-12}{-17}, \frac{60}{85}\)
\(\frac{-12}{-17}=\frac{-12 x-5}{-17 x-5}=\frac{60}{85}\)
∴ \(\frac{-12}{-17}\) equivalent to \(\frac{60}{85}\)

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Question 2.
Find the standard form of
(i) \(\frac{36}{-96}\)
(ii) \(\frac{-56}{-72}\)
(iii) \(\frac{27}{18}\)
Answer:
(i) \(\frac{36}{-96}\)
= \(\frac{-36 \div 12}{96 \div 12}=\frac{-3}{8}\)

(ii) \(\frac{-56}{-72}\)
= \(\frac{-56 \div(-8)}{-72 \div(-8)}=\frac{7}{9}\)

(iii) \(\frac{27}{18}\)
= \(1 \frac{9}{18}=1 \frac{1}{2}\)

Question 3.
Mark the following rational numbers on a number line.
(i) \(\frac{-2}{3}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{-2}{3}\) lies betveen 0 and -1.
T?ìe unit part between O and —lis divided into 3 equal parts and second part is taken.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 15

(ii) \(\frac{-8}{-5}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{-8}{-5}\) = \(1 \frac{3}{5}\)
\(1 \frac{3}{5}\) lies between I and 2, The unit part between I and 2 is divided into 5 equal parts and the third part is taken.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 16

(iii) \(\frac{5}{-4}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{5}{-4}\) = \(-\frac{5}{4}\) = \(-1 \frac{1}{4}\)
\(-1 \frac{1}{4}\) lies between -1 and -2. The unit part between -1 and -2 is divided into four equal parts and the first part is taken.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 17

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Think (Text Book Page No. 15)

Is zero a rational number? If so, what is its additive inverse
Answer:
Yes zero a rational number Additive inverse of zero is zero.

Think (Text Book Page No. 16)

What is the multiplicative inverse of 1 and -1?
Answer:
Multiplicative inverse of 1 is 1 and -1 is -1.

Try These (Text Book Page No. 16)

Divide
(i) \(\frac{-7}{3}\) by 5
(ii) 5 by \(\frac{-7}{3}\)
(iii) \(\frac{-7}{3}\) by \(\frac{35}{6}\)
Answer:
(i) \(\frac{-7}{3}\) by 5
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 18

(ii) 5 by \(\frac{-7}{3}\)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 19

(iii) \(\frac{-7}{3}\) by \(\frac{35}{6}\)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 20

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 20)

The closure property on integers holds for subtraction and not for division. What about rational numbers? Verify.
Answer:
Let 0 and \(\frac{1}{2}\) te two rational numbers 0 – \(\frac{1}{2}\) = –\(\frac{1}{2}\) is a rational numter
∴ Closure property for subtraction holds for rational numbers.
But consider the two rational number \(\frac{5}{2}\) and 0.
\(\frac{5}{2}\) + 0 = \(\frac{5}{2 \times 0}=\frac{5}{0}\)
Here denominator = 0 and it is not a rational number.
∴ Closure property is not true for division of rational numbers.

Try These (Text Book Page No. 22)

(i) Is \(\frac{3}{5}-\frac{7}{8}=\frac{7}{8}-\frac{3}{5}\) ?
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 21
LHS ≠ RHS
∴ \(\frac{3}{5} \div \frac{7}{8}\) ≠ \(\frac{7}{8}-\frac{3}{5}\)
∴ Subtraction of rational numbers is not commutative.

(ii) \(\frac{3}{5} \div \frac{7}{8}=\frac{7}{8} \div \frac{5}{3}\)? So, what do you conclude?
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 22
LHS ≠ RHS
∴ \(\frac{3}{5} \div \frac{7}{8}\) ≠ \(\frac{7}{8} \div \frac{5}{3}\)
∴ Commutative property not hold good br division of rational numbers.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Try This (Text Book Page No. 22)

Check whether associative property holds for subtraction and division.
Answer:
Consider for rational numbers \(\frac{2}{3}, \frac{1}{2}\) and \(\frac{3}{4}\)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 23
∴ Associative property not holds for subraction of rational numbers
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 24
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 25
∴ Associative property not holds for division of rational numbers

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Try This (Text Book Page No. 25)

Question 1.
Observe that,
\(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}=\frac{4}{5}\)
Use your reasoning skills, to find the sum of the first 7 numbers in the pattern given above.
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 26

Think (Text Book Page No. 26)

Question 1.
Is the square of a prime number, prime?
Answer:
No, the square of a prime number ‘P’ has at Least 3 divisors 1, P and P2. But a prime number is a number which has only two divisors, 1 and the number itself. So square of a prime number is not prime.

Question 2.
Will the sum of two perfect squares always be a perfect square? What about their difference and their product?
Answer:
The sum of two perfect squares, need not be always a perfect square. Also the difference of two perfect squares need not be always a perfect square. Bu the product of two perfect square is a perfect square.

Try These (Text Book Page No. 26)

Question 1.
Which among 256, 576, 960, 1025,4096 are perfect square numbers? (Hint: Try to extend the table of squares already seen).
Answer:
256 = 162
576 = 242
4096 = 642
∴ 256, 576, and 4096 are perfect squares

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Question 2.
One can judge just by look that each of the following numbers 82, 113, 1972, 2057, 8888, 24353 is not a perfect square. Explain why?
Answer:
Because the unit digit ola perfect square will be 0, 1,4, 5, 6, 9. But the given numbers have unit digits 2, 3, 7, 8. So they are not perfect squares.

Think (Text Book Page No. 27)

Consider the claim: “Between the squares of the consecutive numbers n and (n + 1), there are 2n non-square numbers’ Can it be true? FInd how many non-square numbers are there
(i) between 4 and 9 ?
(ii) between 49 and 64? and Verify the claim.
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 27
Therefore we conclude that there are 2n non-square numbers between two consecutive square numbers.

Think (Text Book Page No. 30)

In this quick guide we’ll describe what the factors of 96 are, how you find them and list out the factor pairs of 96 for you to prove the calculation works.

In this case, if we want to find the smallest factor with which we can multiply or divide 108 to get a square number, what should we do?
Answer:
108 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 22 × 32 × 3
If we multiply the factors by 2, then we get
22 × 32 × 3 × 3 = 22 × 32 × 32 = (2 × 3 × 3)2
Which is perfect square.
∴ Again if we divide by 3 then we get 22 × 32 ⇒ (2 × 3)2, a perfect square.
∴ We have to multiply or divide 108 by 3 to get a perfect square.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 32)

Find the square root by long division method.
Question 1.
400
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 28
√400 = 20

Question 2.
1764
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 29
√1764 = 42

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Question 3.
9801
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 30
√9801 = 66

Try These (Text Book Page No. 32)

without calculating the square root, guess the number of digits in the square root of the following numbers:
Question 1.
14400
Answer:
\(\sqrt{14400}\) = \(\sqrt{144 \times 100}\)
= \(\sqrt{144} \times \sqrt{100}\)
= 12 × 10
= 120

Question 2.
390625
Answer:
\(\sqrt{390625}\) = \(\sqrt{25 \times 25 \times 25 \times 25}\)
= \(\sqrt{25 \times 25} \times \sqrt{25 \times 25}\)
= 25 × 25
= 625

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Question 3.
100000000
Answer:
\(\sqrt{100000000}\) = \(\sqrt{10000 \times 10000}\)
= \(\sqrt{10000} \times \sqrt{10000}\)
= 100 × 100
= 10,000

Try These (Text Book Page No. 33)

Find the square root of
Question 1.
5.4756
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 31

Question 2.
19.36
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 32

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Question 3.
116.64
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 33

Think (Text Book Page No. 33)

Try to fill in the blanks using √ab = √a × √b
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 34
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions 35

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 34)

Using this method, find the square root of the numbers 1.2321 and 11.9025.
Answer:
(i) 1.2321
√1.2321 = \(\sqrt{\frac{12321}{10000}}\)
= \(\frac{111}{100}\) = 1.11

(ii) 11.9025
√11.9025 = \(\frac{\sqrt{119025}}{\sqrt{10000}}\)
= \(\frac{345}{100}\) = 3.45

Try These (Text Book Page No. 34)

Write the numbers in ascending order.
Question 1.
4, √14, 5
Answer:
Squaring all the numbers we get 42, (√14)2, 52 ⇒ 16, 14, 25
∴ Ascending order: 14, 16, 25
Ascending order: √14, 4, 5

Question 2.
7, √65, 8
Answer:
Squaring 7, √65 and 8 we get 72, (√65)2, 82 ⇒ 49, 65, 64
Ascending order : 49, 64, 65
Ascending order: 7, 8, √65

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 37)

Find the ones digit in the cubes of each of the following numbers.
(i) 12
(ii) 27
(iii) 38
(iv) 53
(v) 71
(vi) 84
Answer:
(i) 12
12 ends with 2, so its cube ends with 8 i.e. ones digit in 123 is 8.

(ii) 27
27 ends with 7, so its cube end with 3. i.e., ones digit in 273 is 3.

(iii) 38
38 ends with 8, so its cube ends with 2 i.e. ones digit in 383 is 2.

(iv) 53
53 ends with 3, so its cube ends with 7. i.e, ones digit in 533 is 7.

(v) 71
71 ends with 1, so its cube ends with 1. i.e. ones digit in 713 is 1

(vi) 84
84 ends with 4, so its cube ends with 4. i.e, ones digit in 843 is 4.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 41)

Expand the following numbers using exponents:
(i) 8120
(ii) 20,305
(iii) 3652.01
(iv) 9426.521
Answer:
(i) 8120
8120 = (8 × 1000) + (1 × 100) + (2 x×10) + 0 × 1
= (8 × 103) + (1 × 102) + (2 × 101)

(ii) 20,305
20305 = (2 × 10000) + (0 × 1000) + (3 × 100) + (0 × 10) + (5 × 1)
= (2 × 104) + (3 × 102) + 5

(iii) 3652.01
3652.01 = 3000 + 600 + 50 + 2 + \(\frac{0}{10}+\frac{1}{100}\)
= (3 × 1000) + (6 × 100) + (5 × 10) + (2 × 1) + (1 × \(\frac{1}{100}\))
= (3 × 103) + (6 × 102) + (5 × 101) + 2 + (1 × 10-2)

(iv) 9426.521
= (9 × 1000) + (4 × 100) + (2 × 10) + (6 × 1) + \(\left(\frac{5}{10}\right)+\left(\frac{2}{100}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{1000}\right)\)
= (9 × 103) + (4 × 102) + (2 × 101) + 6 + (5 × 10-1) + (2 × 10-2) + (1 × 10-3)

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 42)

Verify the following rules (as we did above). Here, a,b are non-zero integers and are any integers.
1. Product of same powers to power of product rule: am × bm = (ab)m
2. Quotient of same powers to power of quotient rule: \(\frac{a^{m}}{b^{m}}=\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^{m}\)
3. Zero exponent rule: a0 = 1.
Answer:
let a = 2; b = 3; m = 2
1. am × bm = 22 × 32
= 4 × 9 = 36 = (2 × 3)2

2. \(\frac{a^{m}}{b^{m}}=\frac{2^{2}}{3^{2}}=\frac{4}{9}=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{2}\)

3. a0 = 20 = 1.

Try These (Text Book Page No. 44)

Question 1.
Write in standard form: Mass of planet Uranus is 8.68 × 1025 kg.
Answer:
Mass of Planet Uranus = 86800000000000000000000000 kg
[23 zeros after 88]

Question 2.
Write in scientific notation:
(i) 0.000012005
Answer:
0.000012005 = 1.2005 × 10-5

(ii) 43 12.345
Answer:
43 12.345 = 4.312345 × 103

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 1 Numbers InText Questions

(iii) 0.10524
Answer:
0.10524 = 1.0524 × 10-1

(iv) The distance between the Sun and the planet Saturn 1.4335 × 1012 miles.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 122)

Find the indicated percentage value of the given numbers.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 1
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 2

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 124)

Question 1.
What percentage ola day is 10 hours?
Answer:
In a day, there are 24 hours .
∴ 10 hrs out of 24 hrs is \(\frac{10}{24}\)
As a percentage, we need to multiply by 100
∴ Percentage = \(\frac{10}{24}\) × 100 = 41.67%

Question 2.
Divide ₹ 350 among P, Q and R such that P gets 50% of what Q gets and Q gets 50% of what R gets.
Answer:
Let R get x, Q gets 50% of what R gets
∴ Q gets = \(\frac{50}{100} \times x=\frac{x}{2}\)
P gets 50% of what Q gets .
∴ P gets = \(\frac{50}{100} \times \frac{x}{2}=\frac{x}{4}\)
Since 350 is divided among the three
∴ 350 = \(x+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x}{4}\)
350 = \(\frac{4 x+2 x+x}{4}=\frac{7 x}{4}\) = 350
x = \(\frac{350 \times 4}{7}\)
Q gets = \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{200}{2}\) = 100,
P gets = \(\frac{x}{4}=\frac{200}{4}\) = 50
∴ p = 50, Q = 100, R = 200

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Think (Text Book Page No. 124)

With a lot of pride, the traffic police commissioner of a city reported that the accidents had decreased by 200% in one year. He came up with this number by stating that the increase in accidents from 200 to 600 is clearly a 200% rise and now that it had gone down from 600 last year to 200 this year should be a 200% fall. Is this decrease from 600 to 200, the same 200% as reported by him? Justify.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 3
Answer:
Increase from original value 200 to 600
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 4
Decrease from original value 600 to 200
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 5
here original value is 600
% decrease = \(\frac{600-200}{600}\) × 100 = \(\frac{400}{600}\) × 100 = 66.67 % decrease
Increase from 200 → 600 and % decrease from 600 → 200 are not the same

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 126)

Question 1.
If the selling price of an article is less than the cost price of the article, then there is a ________ .
Answer:
Loss

Percentage difference calculator tool makes the calculation faster, and it displays the difference in the percentage in a fraction of seconds.

Question 2.
An article costing 5000 is sold for ₹ 4850. Is there a profit or loss? What percentage is it?
Answer:
Loss
Percentage of Loss
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 6

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Question 3.
If the ratio of cost price and the selling price of an article is 5:7, then the profit / gain is ________ %.
Answer:
C.P = 5x
S.P = 7x
Profit = 7x – 5x = 2x
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 7

Think (Text Book Page No. 129)

A shopkeeper marks the price of a marker board 15% above the cost price and then allows a discount of 15% on the marked price. Does he gain or lose in the transaction?
Answer:
Let cost price of marker board be 100
CP = 100 Marks it 15% above CP
∴ Marked price MP = \(\frac{15}{100}\) × CP + CP
= \(\frac{15}{100}\) × 100 + 100 = 15 + 100 = 115
Discount % = 15 %
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 8
∴ He sells it 97.75 which is less than his cost price. Therefore he loses
Loss = 97.75 – 100 = – 2.25

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 129)

Question 1.
The formula to find the simple interest for a given principal is ________ .
Answer:
\(\frac{\mathrm{PNR}}{100}\)

Question 2.
Find the simple interest on ₹ 900 for 73 days at 8% p.a.
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 10

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Question 3.
In how many years will ₹ 2000 become ₹ 3600 at 10% p.a simple interest?
Answer:
I = 3600 – 2000 = 1600
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 11

Try These (Text Book Page No. 141)

Question 1.
Classify the given examples as direct or inverse proportion:
(i) Weight of pulses to their cost.
Answer:
As weight increases cost also increases.
∴ Weight and cost are direct proportion.

(ii) Distance travelled by bus to the price of ticket.
Answer:
As the distance increases price to travel also increases,
∴ Distance and price are direct proportion.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

(iii) Speed of the athelete to cover a certain distance.
Answer:
As the speed increases, the time to cover the distance become less.
So speed and üme are in indirect proportion.

(iv) Number of workers employed to complete a construction in a specified time.
Answer:
As the number of workers increases, the amount of work become less, so they are in indirect proportion.

(v) Area of a circle to its radius.
Answer:
If the radius of the circle increases its area also increases.
∴ Area and radius of circles are direct proportion.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Question 2.
A student can type 21 pages in 15 minutes. At the same rate, how long will it take student to type 84 pages?
Answer:
Direct proportion
No. of minutes = x
k = \(\frac{21}{15}\)
\(\frac{21}{15}=\frac{84}{x}\)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 12

Question 3.
If 35 women can do a piece of work in 16 days, In how many days will 28 women do the same work?
Answer:
Inverse proportion
No. of days = x
k = 35 × 16
∴ 28 × x = 35 × 16
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 13

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 145)

Question 1.
If x and y vary directly, find k when x = y = 5.
Answer:
I If x andy vary directly then \(\frac{x}{y}\) = k.
Here x = 5; y = 5
∴ k = \(\frac{5}{5}\)
k = 1

Question 2.
If x and y vary inversely, find the constant of proportionality when x = 64 and y = 0.75
Answer:
Gìven x = 64, y = 0.75
and also given x andy vary inversely.
∴ xy = k. the constant of variation.
∴ Constant = 64 × 0.75
Constant of variation = 48

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Activity (Text Book Page No. 145)

Draw a circle of a given radius. Then, draw its radii in such a way that the angles between any two consecutive pair of radii are equal. Start drawing 3 radii and end with drawing 12 radii in the circle. List and prepare a table for the number of radii to the angle between a pair of consecutive radii and check whether they are in inverse proportion. What is the proportionality constant?
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 15
As the number of radii increases angle decreases.
Hence they are in inverse proportion
∴ xy = 4 proportional constant
3 × 120° = 360° = k = 360°

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 147)

The percentage difference calculator is here to help you compare two numbers.

Identify the different variations present in the following questions:

Question 1.
24 men can make 48 articles in 12 days. Then, 6 men can make _____ articles in 6 days.
Answer:
Let the required no. of articles be x

Men (P) Days (D) Articles (W)
24 12 48
6 6 x

(i) Mens and days are Indirect variables.
(ii) Men and Articles are direct vanables
(iii) Days and articles are also direct variables using formula.
Let
P1 = 24
P2 = 6

D1 = 12
D2 = 6

W1 = 48
W1 = x

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 17
x = 6 Articles

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Question 2.
15 workers can lay a road of length 4 km in 4 hours. Then, _____ workers can lay a road of length 8 km in 8 hours.
Answer:
Let the required no. of workers be x

Length (work) Hours Workers
4 km 4 hrs 15
8 km 8 hrs x

(i) Length and workers are direct variable as more length need more workers.
The proportion is 4 : 8 : : 15 : x ——– (1)
(ü) Hours and workers are indirect variables as more working hours need less men.
∴ The proportion is : 4 : : 15 : x ——– (2)
Combining (1) and (2)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 18
Product of the extremes = Product of the mean
4 × 8 × x = 8 × 4 × 15
x = \(\frac{8 \times 4 \times 15}{4 \times 8}\)
x = 15 workers

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Question 3.
25 women working 12 hours a day can complete a work in 36 days. Then, 20 women must work hours a day to complete the same work in 30 days.
Answer:
Let the required hours be x.

Women Days Hours
25 36 12
20 30 x

As women increases hours to work decreases
∴ It is an inverse proportion.
∴ Multiplying factor is \(\frac{25}{20}\)
As days increases hours needed become less
∴ It is also an indirect variation.
∴ Multiplying factor is \(\frac{36}{30}\)
∴ x = \(12 \times \frac{25}{20} \times \frac{36}{30}\)
x = 18 hours

Question 4.
In a camp there are 420 kg of rice sufficient for 98 persons for 45 days. The number of days that 60 kg of rice will last for 42 persons is .
Answer:
Let the required number of days be x.

Rice (kg) Men Days
420 98 45
60 42 x

If amount of rice is more it will last for more days;
∴ It is Direct Proportion
∴ Multiplying factor is \(\frac{60}{420}\)
If men increases number of days the rice lasts decreases
∴ It is an inverse proportion.
∴ Multiplying factor is \(\frac{98}{42}\)
x = \(45 \times \frac{60}{420} \times \frac{98}{42}\)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 19
x = 15 days

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions

Try These (Text Book Page No. 150)

Question 1.
Vikram can do one-third of work in p days. He can do th of work In ________ days.
Answer:
\(\frac{1}{3}\) of the work will be done mp days.
∴ Full work will be completed in 3p days
\(\frac{3}{4}\) th of the work will be done in = 3p x \(\frac{3}{4}\)
= \(\frac{9}{4}\)p = 2\(\frac{1}{4}\) p days.

Question 2.
If m persons can complete a work in n days, then 4m persons can complete the same
work in ______ days and \(\frac{m}{4}\) persons can complete the same work in ______ days.
Answer:
Givenm persons complete a work in n days
(i) Then work measured in terms of Man days = mn
4 m men do the work it will be completed in \(\frac{m n}{4 m}\) days = \(\frac{m}{4}\) days.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Answers Chapter 4 Life Mathematics InText Questions 20