Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Guide Chapter 4 Reproductive Morphology

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Guide Pdf Chapter 4 Reproductive Morphology Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 4 Reproductive Morphology

11th Bio Botany Guide Reproductive Morphology Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Part – I

Choose the Right Answer: 

Question 1.
Vexillary aestivation is characteristic of the family
a. Fabaceae
b. Asteraceae
c. Solanaceae
d. Brassieaceae
Answer:
a. Fabaceae

Question 2.
Gynoecium with united carpels is termed as
a. Apocarpous
b. Multicarpellary
c. Syncarpous
d. None of the above
Answer:
c. Syncarpous

Question 3.
Aggregate fruit develops from
a. Multicarpellary apocarpous ovary
b. Multicarpellary syncarpous ovary
c. Multicarpellary ovary
d. Whole Inflorescence
Answer:
a. multicarpellary apocarpous ovary

Question 4.
In an inflorescence where flowers are borne laterally in an aeropetal succession, the position of the youngest floral bud shall be
a. Proximal
b. distal
c. Intercalary
d. Anywhere
Answer:
a. Proximal

Question 5.
A true fruit is the one where
a. only ovary of the flower develops into fruit.
b. ovary and caly x of the flower develops into fruit.
c. ovary, caly x, and thalamus of the flower develops into fruit.
d. All floral whorls of the flower develops is to fruit.
Answer:
a.only ovary of the flower develops into the fruit

Question 6.
Find out the floral formula for a besexual flower with bract, regular, pentamerous, distinct caly x and corolla , superior ovary without bracteole.
Answer:

Question 7.
Giving the technical terms for the following.
a. A sterile stamen …………………..
b. Stamens are united in one bunch …………….
c. Stamens attached to the petals ……………….
Answer:
a. staminode
b. monodelphous
c. Epipetalous (petalostemonous)

Question 8.
Explain different types of placentation with example
Answer:
Marginal:

It is with the plaentae along the marging of a unicarpellate ovary.
Example-Fabaceae.

Axile:

The placentae arises from the column in a compound ovary with septa.
Example-Hibiscus, tomato lemon

Superficial:

Ovules arise from the surfae of the septa.
Example: Nymphaeceae

Parietal:

It is the placentae on the ovary walls or upon intruding partitions of a unilocular, compound Ovary.
Example: Mustard, Argemone, cucumber.

Free-central:

It is with the placentae along the column in a compound ovary without septa.
Example: Caryophyllaceae, Dianthus, Primrose

Basal:

It is the placenta at the base of the ovary.
Example: Sunflower (asrteraceae) Marigold.

Question 9.
Differences between aggregate fruit with multiple fruit.
Answer:

Question 10.
Explain different type of fleshy fruit with suitable example
Answer:

Part II

11th Bio Botany Guide Reproductive Morphology Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the Right Answer:

Question 1.
Placentation in tomato and lemon is …………….
(a) parietal
(b) marginal
(c) free – central
(d) axile
Answer:
(d) axile

Question 2.
This is not a racemose Inflorescence
a. Spite
b. Catkin
c. Spadix
d. Cauliflower
Answer:
d.Cauliflower

Question 3.
Geocarpic fruits are seen in …………… .
(a) carrot
(b) groundnut
(c) radish
(d) turnip
Answer:
(b) groundnut

Question 4.
Pendulose spikes occur in
a. Piper nigrum
b. Dry za sativa
c. Tridax sp
d. Zeamays
Answer:
a. Piper nigrum

Question 5.
When the calyx is coloured and showy, it is called …………… .
(a) petaloid
(b) sepaloid
(c) bract
(d) spathe
Answer:
(a) petaloid

Question 6.
Parietal placentation occurs in
a. Hibiscus
b. Nymphaeaceae
c. Cucumber
d. Fabaceae
Answer:
c. Cucumber

Question 7.
Trace the correct F.D of Jxora coccinea

Answer:

Question 8.
In Theobroma cocoa, the inflorescence arise from …………… .
(a) terminal shoot
(b) axillary part
(c) trunk of plant
(d) leaf node
Answer:
(c) trunk of plant

Question 9.
An example for a Pseudo fruit
a. Apple
b. Tomato
c. Pumpkin
d. Mango
Answer:
a. Apple

Question 10.
The fruit type intermediate between dehiscent and indehiscent is known as
a. Regma
b. Samara
c. Schizocarpic
d. Nut
Answer:
c. Schizocarpic

Question 11.
Thyrsus is a type of …………… inflorescence.
(a) raceme
(b) cyme
(c) mixed
(d) special
Answer:
(c) mixed

Question 12.
Br, Ebrl, O7 p3+3 A(3) Go – is
a. This F.D of male flower of musa
b. The F.D of crotalaria juncea
c. The F.D. of male flower of phyllanthus amaras
d. The F.D of male flower of cocos nucifera
Answer:
c.The F.D of male flower of phyllnthus amaras.

Question 13.
Calyz is distinctly leaf-like, large often orange or white coloured as in mussenda it is known as
a. Campanulate sepals
b. Tubular sepals
c. Petaloid sepals
d. Sepaloid petals
Answer:
c. Petaloid sepals

Question 14.
If unisexual and bisexual flowers are seen in same plant then the plant is said to be …………… .
(a) polyphyllous
(b) polygamous
(c) hermaphroditic
(d) dioecious
Answer:
(b) polygamous

III. Match the following

Question 1.
(I) Spathe – A) Hibiscus sp
(II) Spikelet – B) Musa sp
(III) Epicaly – C) Paddy
(IV) Pislillate flower – D) Cocas Nucifera

Answer:
b. D-C-A-B

Question 2.
(I) Epipetalous – A) G(2)
(II) Monoadeiphous – B) P(5)
(III) Inferior Ovary – C) A(a)
(IV) Gamophyllous – D) C(5)A5

Answer:
a. D-C-A-B

Question 3.
(I) Catkin – A) Cauliflower
(Il) Corymb – B) Mangifera indica
(III) Panicle – C) Coriandrumsatiuum
(IV) Umbel – C) Coriandrumsatiuum

Answer:
b. D-C-B-A

Question 4.
(I) A single female flower surrounded by a group of male – A) Coenanthum flowers-enclosed in an involucre
(II) Circular disclike fleshy open receptacle bearing – B) Hypanthodium pistillate at the centre & staminate flowers at periphery}
(III) Receptacle hollow male flowers towards ostiole female – C) Polychasialcyme and neutral in the middle
(IV) Central axis ends in a flower lateral axis branches repeatedly – D) cyathium

Answer:
b. D-A-B-C

Question 5.
(I) Persistent calyx – A) Calyx falls after the opening of a flower
(II) Deciduous calyx – B) Continue to grow with fruit and encloses it completely or partially
(III) Caduceus calyx – C) Calyx continues to be along with fruit forms a cup
(VI) Accresent calyx – D) Calyx falls during the early development stage of the flower

Answer:
C. C-A-D-B

IV. Choose the wrong pair

Question 1.
a. Follicle – Calotropis
b. Silicula – Capsella
c. Loculicidal capsule – Lady’s finger
d. Legume – Castor castor
Answer:
d. Legume

Question 2.
a. Raceme – Crotalaria
b. Cyme – Cyathium
c. Special type – Hypanthodium
d. Mixed type – Thyssus
Answer:
b. Cyme – Cyathium

Question 3.
a. Monoecious – Coconut
b. Dioecious – Musa
c. Polygamous – Mangifera
d. Bisexual – Brinjal
Answer:
b. Dioecius- Musa

V. Fill up the tabulation with the right answer.

Question 1.

Condition	Explanation	Example
1. Apostemonous	__________________	Cassia
2. Polyadelphons	Filaments connate into many bundles	__________________
3. __________________	Stamens adnate to petals	Datura
Syngenesious	__________________	Asteraceae

Answer:
1. Stamens distinct do not fuse with other parts
2. Citrus
3. Epipetalous
4. Anthers connate, filaments free

Question 2.

Attachment of Anther	Description	Example
1. Basiifixed	………………….	Datura
2. ………………….	The apex of filament is attached to the dorsal side of the anther	Hibiscus
3. Versatile	The filament is attached to the anther at the midpoint	……………..
4. …………..	The filament is continued from the base to the apex	Ranunculus

Answer:
1. Base of another is attached to the tip of the filament
2. Dorsifixed
3. Grasses
4. Adnate

VI. Choose the wrong pair

Question 1.
1. Ripened ovary – Seed
2. Ovary wall – Testa & tegmen
3. Ferlised ovule – Seed
4. Integuments of – Pericarp ovule
Answer:
3. Ferlized ovule – Seed

Question 2.
1. Cremocarp – groundnut
2. Carcerulus – coriander
3. Lomentum – abutilon
4. Regma – castor
Answer:
4. Regma – castor

Question 3.
1. Caryopsis – paddy
2. Cypsela – coriander
3. Cremocarp – groundut
4. Lomentum – sunflower
Answer:
1. Caryopsis – paddy

VII. Identify the diagram & Label it correctly

Question 1.
Cymose inflorescen or simple dichasium

Answer:
Cymose inflorescen or simple dichasium

A-Bract
B-Old flower
C-Young flower

Question 2.
This is Papilionaceous Corolla

Answer:
This is Papilionaceous Corolla

A-Standard petal or corolla
B-Wing petals or alae
C-Keel petals or camia

Question 3.
The given diagram is spadix inflorescence

Answer:
The given diagram is spadix inflorescene

A-Central axis
B- Female flower
C- Male flower

Question 4.
The given diagram is verticillaster

Answer:
The given diagram is verticillaster

A-Central axis
B-Monocharial scorpioid lateral branches
C-Blder flowers

Question 5.
The diagram represents the tetradynamous condition of stamen

Answer:
The diagram represents the tetradynamous condition of stamen

A-4 long stamens
B-2 long stamens

VIII. Find out the true or false

Question 1.
(i) Asymmetric flowers cannot be divided into equal halves in any plane
(ii) The calyx of tridax is modified into a tubular structure
(iii) Heterostemonous stamens, have different lengths in the same flower
(iv) Hypanthium is a fleshy elevated stamina disk which is nectariferous in nature.

Answer:
a. True – False – True – True

Question 2.
(i) Aeswation is the arrangement of sepals and petals in the flower when it open
(ii) Lodicule is the reduced scale-like perianth in the members of Poaceae
(iii) The walls of the ovary and septa form a cavity called locule
(iv) The branch that bears the flower is called the parental axis.

Answer:
c. False – True – True – False

IX. In the following diagram what are the parts.

Question 1.

Answer:
c. Peduncle – Involucre – Female flower – Male flower

X. Write down the edible parts of the following.

Question 1.

1. Apple …….?
2. Coconut …….?
3. Jack fruit ……?
4. Mango ……?
5. Tomato ……?
6. Orange …….?
7. Pomegranate ……..?

Answer:

1. Thalamus
2. Oily endosperm
3. Perianth
4. Fleshy juicy mesocarp
5. Epi, meso, and endocarp i.e (pericarp)
6. Juicy hairs
7. Testa of seed

XI. Read the following Assertion and Reason & Find the correct answer.

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Fruits are the products of pollination and fertilization
Reason (R): All floral whorls of a flower develop into a fruit
(a) A and R are correct. R is explaining A
(b) A and R are correct but R is not explaining Assertion
(c) A is true but R is wrong
(d) A is true but R is not explaining Assertion
Answer:
(c) A is true but R is wrong

Question 2.
Assertion (A): Homochlamydeous condition is prevalent in monocot
Reason (R) : Undifferentiated calyx and corolla is known as perianth
(a) A and R are correct and R is explaining A
(b) A and R are correct but R is not explaining Assertion
(c) A is true but R is wrong
(d) A is true but R is not explaining Assertion
Answer:
(a) A and R are correct and R is explaining A

Question 3.
Assertion (A): Almost all flowers are hermaphrodite
Reason (R): Male and female sex organs do not occur in the same flower
(a) A and R are correct R is explaining A
(b) A and R are correct but R is not explaining assertion
(c) A is true but R is wrong
(d) A is true but R is not explaining assertion
Answer:
(c) A is true but R is wrong

XII. Fill up the blanks by giving technical terms for the following.

Question 1.
a) The study of fruits …….
Answer:
Pomology

b) lkebana is an act of ……….
Answer:
Flower arrangement

c) The botanical name of Saffron flower ……………
Answer:
Crocus Sativum

d) The flower grows once in 12 years …………
Answer:
Kurinji (Strobilanthus kunthranus)

e) World’s largest fruit is …………………
Answer:
Lodoicea maldivica

f) King Herod’s palace, near dead sea, scientist have got a seed viable for …………. years
Answer:
20,000 years

g) The longest and largest inflorescence of any flowering plant is ………………
Answer:
Corypha umbraculifera (cudai palm)

h) The largest single flower is known sofae is ………………
Answer:
Rafflesia arnoldi

Give very short answers – 2 Marks

Question 1.
How will you define inflorescence?
Answer:
An inflorescence is a group of flowers arising from a branched or unbranched axis with a definite pattern.

Question 2.
Distinguish between Bract and Bracteole.
Answer:

Bract	Bracteole
Bract is that scale-like or structure leaf-like from which arises a flower The presence of bract can be denoted as Bracteate its absence known as a bracteole	It is the scale-like or leaf-like structures seen on the pedicel of the flower just above the Bract. The presence of bracteole in a flower is known as Bractolate, if it is absent it is known as Bracteolate

Question 3.
Distinguish between the Posterior and Anterior sides of a flower.
Answer:

Posterior side	Anterior side
The side of the flower facing the mother axis is called the Posterior side. It is also known the part towards the plan	The side of the flower facing away from the mother axis is called the anterior side. It is the part away from the plant.

Question 4.
Distinguish between Superior and Inferior Ovary.
Answer:

Superior Ovary	Inferior Ovary
It is the attachment of ovary relative to other floral parts – if the ovary with sepals, petals and stamens attached at the base of the ovary, e.g Hibiscus, Mangifera	If in the ovary the sepals petals and stamens attached at the base of the ovary it is called Inferior. e.g Ixora or Musa.

Question 5.
What is a sessile flower?
Answer:
A flower without a pedicel or stalk is said to be a sessile flower.

Question 6.
What is the use of Pappus?
Answer:
Pappus is the hair-like structures – (modification of calyx)
Pappus occur in Asteraceaemembers – They help in the dispersal of fruits.

Question 7.
Write the units of (a) Perianth and (b) Calyx.
Answer:
The units of (a) Perianth and (b) Calyx:

1. Perianth – tepals and
2. Calyx – sepals

Question 8.
Distinguish between Apocarpous & Syncarpous.
Answer:

Apocarpous	Syncarpous
A pistil containing two or more distinct carpels is known as apocarpous condition e.g Annona	A pistil containing two or more carpels which write or cannot-it is known as a syncarpous condition, e.g citus, tomato

Question 9.
Define a Carpel & Locule.
Answer:

Carpel	Locule
Components of gynoecium usually made of one or more carples they may be distinct or cannot Usually no. of carpel equals the no.of locule	The walls of the ovary and (crosswall of ovary from a cavity called lcoule Usually no.of locules equals the no of carples exception Bicarpellary unilocular condition in Asteraceae

Question 10.
Draw the structure of the Anthophore.
Answer:
Intermodal extension between Calyx and Coralla
A – Androecium
B – Gynoecium
C – Corolla
D – Anthophore
E – Calyx

Question 11.
Classify racemose Inflorescence.
Answer:

Question 12.
Draw the structure of Hypanthodium and label the parts.
Answer:

A – Ostiole
B – Male flowers
D – Neutral flower gall flower
C – Female flower
E – Receptacle

Question 13.
Compare Achene & Caryposis.
Answer:

Achene	Caryopsis
Indehiscent one-seeded fruit Develop from monocarpellary ovary Pericarp hard leathery-remain free from seed coat E.g. Clematis	Indehiscent one-seeded fruit Develop from monocarpellary ovary Pericarp fused with seed coat E.g. Paddy

Question 14.
Compare Legume and Follicle
Answer:

Question 15.
Differentiate between Dicotyledonous seed and Monocotyledonous seed.
Answer:

Dicot	Monocot
Two cotyledons occur Usually cotyledons store food and become thick and fleshy nourishes seedling during early development E.g.Pea	Only one cotyledon occur The endosperm persistent and nourishes the seedling during early development E.g. Castor

Question 16.
Differentiate between Albuminous and Non-albuminous seed.
Answer:

Albuminous seed	Non Albuminous seed
The cotyledons are then membranous and mature seeds have endosperm persistent and nourishes the seedling during its early development. Eg. Castor, Sunflower	Food is stored in cotyledons and mature seeds are without endosperm. Eg. Pea, Groundnut

Give Short Answers – 3 Marks

Question 1.
Differentiate between Racemose and Cymose Inflorescence.
Answer:

Characters	Racemose	Cymose
1. Main axis	Unlimited growth	Limited growth
2. Arrangement of flowers	Acropetal succession	Basipetal succession
3. Opening	Centripetal	Centrifugal
4. Oldest flower	At the base	At the top

Question 2.
What is meant by Salver shaped or Hypocrateriform corolla. Give Eg.
Answer:
Petals of a flower fused to form a long narrow tube with spreading limbs are called salver-shaped or hypocrateriform corolla.
E.g. Ixora, Catharanthus sp.

Question 3.
Differentiate between Corymbose and Umbellate inflorescence by drawing diagrams.
Answer:

Question 4.
Why do we call Thyrsus as Raceme of Cymes?
Answer:
a. The main axis is indefinite growth like raceme
b. But it bears pedicellate cymes on either side laterally. E.g. Ocimum sanctum.

Question 5.
Differentiate between Cyathium and Coenanthium.
Answer:

Cyathium	Coenanthium
A single female flower surrounded by many male flowers enclosed by a common involucre Flowers are naked-Aclamydeous Extrafloral nectary is present in involucre E.g. Euphorbia	Circular disc-like fleshy open receptacle bearing many pistillate or female flowers at the center surrounded by many male or staminate flowers at the periphery. Eg. Dorsenia

Question 6.
Differentiate between Homogamous head & Heterogamous head inflorescence.
Answer:

Homogamous Head	Heterogamous Head
Only one kind of florets 2 Types Has only tongue florets- E.g. Launaea Has only tube florets – E.g. Vernorua	It has 2 types of florets -Tongue of ray, Tube of Disc Tongue florets seen towards the periphery, and Tube florets located at the centre of the inflorescence E.g. Helianths & Tridax

Question 7.
Distinguish between the two types of Monochasial Cyme.
Answer:

Question 8.
Distinguish between Anthophore and Androphore, Gynophore and Gynandrophore
Answer:

Anthophore	Androphore	Gynophore	Gynandrophore
The intermodal elongation between calyx and corolla E.g. Silene conoidea	The internal elongation between coralla and Aroecium E.g. Grewia	The internal elongation between Androecium and cynoecium E.g. Capparis	The unified internal elongation between corolla and Androecium as well as between Androecium and gynoecium E.g gynandropsis

Question 9.
Distinguish between Connation & Adnation
Answer:

Question 10.
Differentiate between Didynamous and Tetradynamous condition of the stamen.
Answer:

Question 11.
Explain the various types of Schizocarpic fruit.
Answer:
This fruit type of intermediate between dehiscent and indehiscent fruit. The fruit instead of dehiscing rather splits into a number of segments, each containing one or more seeds. They are of the following types:

1. Cremocarp: Fruit develops from bicarpellary, syncarpous, inferior ovary and splitting into two one-seeded segments known as mericarps. e.g., Coriander and Carrot.
2. Carcerulus: Fruit develops from bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary and splitting into four one-seeded segments known as nutlets, e.g., Leucas, Ocimum and Abutilon.
3. Lomentum: The fruit is derived from monocarpellary, unilocular ovary. A leguminous fruit, constricted between the seeds to form a number of one seeded compartments that separate at maturity, e.g., Desmodium, Arachis and Mimosa.
4. Regma: They develop from tricarpellary, syncarpous, superior, trilocular ovary and splits into one-seeded cocci which remain attached to carpophore, e.g., Ricinus and Geranium.

Question 12.
Identify the plant & Write down the floral formula of the given floral diagram.
Answer:

Question 13.
Draw the floral diagram of Ixora Coccinea flower and write down floral formula.
Answer:

Question 14.
Classify the anthers based on their mode of attachment.
Answer:
The anthers based on their mode of attachment:

1. Basifixed: (Innate) Base of anther is attached to the tip of filament, e.g., Brassica, Datura
2. Dorsifixed: Apex of filament is attached to the dorsal side of the anther, e.g. Citrus, Hibiscus
3. Versatile: Filament is attached to the anther at midpoint, e.g., Grasses
4. Adnate: Filament is continued from the base to the apex of anther, e.g. Verbena, Ranunculus, Nelumbo.

Essay Questions – 5 Marks

Question 1.
Distinguish between Monoecious – Dioecious &Polygamous.
Answer:

Monoecious	Dioecious	Polygamous
a.One house i.e male and female flowers present in the same flower . E.g. Coconut	Two house i.e male and and female flowers present on separate plants E.g. Papaya	Here male flowers(staminate) female flowers (pistillate) & bisexual flowers occur in a single plant E.g. Mangifera

Question 2.
List out the significance of fruits.
Answer:
The significance of fruits:

1. Edible part of the fruit is a source of food, energy for animals.
2. They are source of many chemicals like sugar, pectin, organic acids, vitamins and minerals.
3. The fruit protects the seeds from unfavourable climatic conditions and animals.
4. Both fleshy and dry fruits help in the dispersal of seeds to distant places.
5. In certain cases, fruit may provide nutrition to the developing seedling.
6. Fruits provide source of medicine to humans.

Question 3.
What are the various parts of a typical flower.
Answer:

Question 4.
Detìne Aestivation Give an account of various types of aestivation?
Answer:

• Aestivation: Arrangement of sepals and petals in the flowers bud.
•  Types : There are 5 types
•  Valvate : Margins of sepals and petals do not overlap but touch each other.
  Eg. Calyx — malvaceac inem bers .
• Twisted or convolute or contorted: One margin of each petal or sepal overlapping on
  the other petal – Eg. Corolla of Malvaceae (china i-ose)
• Imbricate : Sepals\ Petalsepals petaals – overlap irregularly one member of the whorl-
  exterior another interior other three one margin exterior other interior

3 types

1.  Ascending-imbricate Eg. Cassia,
2. . Descendingly-imbricate (vexillary aestivation) Eg. Clihoria,
3. . Quincuncial- Eg. Guava
   

Question 5.
Define placentation and explain the various types of placentation with diagrams.
Answer:

Marginal:

It is with the plaentae along the marging of a unicarpellate ovary.
Example-Fabaceae.
Axile:

The placentae arises from the column in a compound ovary with septa.
Example-Hibiscus, tomato lemon

Superficial:

Ovules arise from the surfae of the septa.
Example: Nymphaeceae

Parietal:

It is the placentae on the ovary walls or upon intruding partitions of a unilocular, compound Ovary.
Example: Mustard, Argemone, cucumber.

Free-central:

It is with the placentae along the column in a compound ovary without septa.
Example: Caryophyllaceae, Dianthus, Primrose

Basal:

It is the placenta at the base of the ovary.
Example: Sunflower (Asteraceae) Marigold.

Question 6.
Draw the floral diagram and flower of Cocos Nucifera and try to describe the flower with the floral diagram and floral formula.
Answer:

Male flower // Femle flower
Male flower of Cocos nucifera.

Male flower – Unisexual male Actinomorphic Bracteate, Bracteolate Incomplete
Perianth – 6 tepals – outer 3 and inner 3 two whorlsimbricate – apophyllous
Androecium – 6 stamens – outer 3 and inner 3 – free anther dithecous
Gynoecium – Absent – pistillode present

Female Flower – Unisexual female Actinomorphic Bracteole, ebracteolate, incomplete
Perianth – 6 tepals outer 3 -inner 3 outer valvate, inner imbricate apophyllous
Androecium – Absent staminode tricarpellary
Gynoecium – Ovary superior – tricarpellary trilocular syncarpous- ovules-Axile Placentation.

Question 7.
Describe the ovary types on the basis of its positive relative to other parts.
Answer:
The ovary can be divided into 3 types on this basis
Superior Ovary : (Flower Hypogynous)
It is the ovary with sepals, petals and stamens attached at the base of the ovary.

In feriror ovary : (Flower Epigynous)
It is the ovary with sepals, petals and stamens attached at the apex of the ovary.

Half inferior ovary : (Flower Perigynous) It is the ovary with sepals petals and stamens or hypanthium attached near the middle of the ovary

Question 8.
Give an account of Dry Dehiscent fruits.
Answer:

Question 9.
Give an account of dry indehiscent fruits.
Answer:

	Type of fruit	Nature of ovary	Special aspects	Example
1.	Achene	Monocarpellary superior ovary Apocarpous	Apocarpous Fruit wall pericarp is free from seed coat.	Clematis strawberry
2.	Cypsela	Bicarpellary inferior ovary syncarpous	Reduced scales Hairy or feathery – calyx lobes-Pappus	Tridax helianthus
3.	Caryopsis	Monocarpellary superior ovary	Fruit wall inseparably fused with seed	Oryza triticum
4.	Nut	Multicarpellary syncarpous superior ovary	Hard woody bony pericarp	Anacardium
5.	Samara	Monocarpellary superior ovary	Pericarp (ovary wall) Develop into then wing-like structure – help in fruit dispersal	Pterocarpus
6.	Utricle	Bicarpellary unilocular syncarpous superior ovary	Pericarp loosely encloses the seed.	Chenopodium.

Question 10.
Explain only the racemose type with the elongated main axis.
Answer:

Question 11.
Draw a chart depicting various types of Fruits.
Answer:

Question 12.
What is the significance of Seeds?
Answer:

Question 13.
Draw the tabulation showing various fruits & their edible part.
Answer: