Category: Class 8

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 6 Statistics InText Questions Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 6 Statistics InText Questions

Try These (Text Book page No. 212)

Question 1.
Arrange the given data in ascending and descending order: 9, 34, 4, 13, 42, 10, 25, 7, 31, 4, 40
Answer:
Ascending order: 4, 4, 7, 9, 10, 13, 25, 31, 34, 40, 42.
Descending order: 42, 40, 34, 31, 25, 13, 10, 9, 7, 4, 4

Question 2.
Find the_range of the given data: 53, 42,61, 9, 39, 63, 14, 20,06, 26, 31, 4, 57
Answer:
Ascending order of the given data:
4, 6, 9, 14, 20, 26, 31, 39, 42, 53, 57, 61, 63
Here largest value = 63
Smallest value = 4
∴ Range = Largest value – smallest value
= 63 – 4 = 59

Try These (Text Book page No. 217)

Question 1.
Prepare a frequency table for the data:
3, 4, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 1, 5, 3, 6, 2, 1, 3, 2, 4
Answer:
Ascending order of the given data.
1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6
The distribution table:

Data	Tally marks	Frequency
1	|||	3
2	||||	4
3	||||	4
4	|||	3
5	||	2
6	||	2

∴ Frequency Table:

Question 2.
Prepare a grouped frequency table for the data:
10, 9, 3, 29, 17, 34, 23, 20, 39, 42, 5, 12, 19, 47, 18, 19, 27, 7, 13, 40, 38, 24,34,15,40
Answer:
Largest value = 47
Smallest value = 3
Range = Largest value – Smallest value
= 47 – 3 = 44
Suppose we take class size as 10, then Number of class intervals possible

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Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.3 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 6 Statistics Ex 6.3

Miscellaneous Practice Problems

Question 1.
Draw a pie chart for the given table.

Answer:
Converting the area in percentage into components parts of 360°. we have.

Continental Area.

Question 2.
The data on modes of transport used by the students to come to school are given below. Draw a pie chart for the data.

Answer:
Converting the percentage into components parts of 360°. we have

Mode of Transport by students.

Question 3.
Draw a histogram for the given frequency distribution.

Answer:
The given distribution is discontinuous.
Lower boundary = lower limit – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (gap between the adjacent class interval)
= 41 – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)(1) = 40.5
Upper boundary = Upper limit + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (gap between the adjacent class interval)
= 45 + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)(1) = 45.5
Now continuous frequency table is as below

Question 4.
Draw a histogram and the frequency polygon in the same diagram to represent the following data.

Answer:
The given distribution is discontinuous.
Lower boundary = lower limit – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (gap between the adjacent class interval)
= 50 – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)(1) = 49.5
Upper boundary = Upper limit + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)(gap between the adjacent class interval)
= 55 + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)(1) = 55.5
∴ The continuous frequency table is as below.

Challenging problems

Question 5.
Form a continuous frequency distribution table and draw histogram from the following data.

Age (in years)	No of persons
Under 5	1
Under 10	12
Under 15	19
Under 20	26
Under 25	27
Under 30	35
Under 35	38
Under 40	45
Under 45	48
Under 50	53

Answer:
Converting into continuous distribution we have

Class interval	No. of persons
0 – 5	1
5 – 10	11
10 – 15	7
15 – 20	7
20 – 25	1
25 – 30	8
30 – 35	3
35 – 40	7
40 – 45	3
45 – 50	5
Total	53

Question 6.
A rupee spent in a cloth manufacturing company is distributed as follows. Represent this in a pie chart.

Particulars	Paise
Farmer	20
Spinner	35
Dyer	15
Weaver	15
Printer	05
Salary	10

Answer:
1 Rupee = 100 paise.

Expenditure of a cloth manufacturing company.

Question 7.
Draw a histogram for the following data.

Answer:
Since mid values are given, the given distributors is discontinuous.
Lower boundary lower limit – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)(gap between the adjacent class interval)
= 15 – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)(10) = 10
Upper boundary = Upper limit + (gap between the adjacent class interval)
= 15 + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)(10) = 20
The continuous distribution will he as folIows.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 5 Geometry InText Questions Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Geometry InText Questions

Answer the following questions by recalling the properties of triangles:

Question 1.
The sum of the three angles of a triangle is _________ .
Answer:
180°

Question 2.
The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the _______ angles to it.
Answer:
interior

Question 3.
In a triangle, the sum of any two sides is ________ than the third side.
Answer:
greater

Question 4.
Angles opposite to equal sides are ________ and vice – versa.
Answer:
Equal

Question 5.
What is ∠A in the triangle ABC?

Answer:
The exterior angle = sum of interior opposite angles.
∴ ∠A + ∠C = 1500 in ∆ABC
But ∠C = 40°
[∵Vertically opposite angler are equal]
∴ ∠A + ∠C = 150°
⇒ ∠A + ∠40° = 150°
∠A = 150° – 40°
∠A = 1100

Try These (Text Book page No. 157)

Identify the pairs of figures which are similar and congruent and write the letter pairs.

Answer:
Similar shapes:
(i) Wand L
(ii) B and J
(iii) A and G
(iv) B and J
(v) B and Y
(vi) E and N
(vii) H and Q
(viii) R and T
(ix) S and T

Congruent shapes:
(i) Z and I
(ii) J and Y
(iii) C and P
(iv) B and K
(v) R and S
(vi) I and Z
You can find more.

Try These (Text Book page No. 158)

Question 1.
Match the following by their congruence property

Answer:
1. – (iv),
2. – (iii),
3. – (i),
4. – (ii)

Think (Text Book page No. 160)

In the figure, DA = DC and BA = BC. Are the triangles DBA and DBC congruent? Why?

Answer:
Here AD = CD
AB = CB
DB = DB (common)
∆DB ≡ ∆DBC
[∵ By SSS congruency]
Also RHS rule also bind here to say their congruency.

Activity (Text Book page No. 169)

Question 1.
We can construct sets of Pythagorean triplets as follows.
Let m and n be any two positive integers (m > n):
(a, b, c) is a Pythagorean triplet if a = m² – n², b = 2mn and c = m² + n² (Think, why?)
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 2.
Find all integer-sided right angled triangles with hypotenuse 85.
Answer:
(x + y)² – 2xy = 85²

Think (Text Book page No. 173)

Question 1.
In any acute angled triangle, all three altitudes are inside the triangle. Where will be the orthocentre? In the interior of the triangle or in its exterior?

Answer:
Interior of the triangle

Question 2.
In any right angled triangle, the altitude perpendicular to the hypotenuse is inside the triangle; the other two altitudes are the legs of the triangle. Can you identify the orthocentre in this case?

Answer:
Vertex containing 90°

Question 3.
In any obtuse angled triangle, the altitude connected to the obtuse vertex is inside the triangle, and the two altitudes connected to the acute vertices are outside the triangle. Can you identify the orthocentre in this case?

Answer:
Exterior of the triangle.

Try These (Text Book page No. 177)

Identify the type of segment required in each triangle:
(median, altitude, perpendicular bisector, angle bisector)

(i)

AD = _______
Answer:
AD = Altitude

(ii)

l₁ = _______
Answer:
l₁ = perpendicular bisector

(iii)

BD = _______
Answer:
BD = Median

(iv)

CD = _______
Answer:
CD = Angular bisector

Think (Text Book page No. 187)

Is it possible to construct a quadrilateral PQRS with PQ = 5 cm, QR = 3cm, RS = 6cm, PS = 7cm and PR = 10cm. If not,why?
Answer:

The lower triangle cannot be constructed as the sum of two sides 5 + 3 = 8 < 10 cm. So this quadrilateral cannot be constructed,

Try These (Text Book page No. 187)

Question 1.
The area of the trapezium is ________ .
Answer:
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × h × (a + b) sq. units

Question 2.
The distance between the parallel sides of a trapezium is called as ________ .
Answer:
its height

Question 3.
If the height and parallel sides of a trapezium are 5cm, 7cm and 5cm respectively, then
its area is ________ .
Answer:
30

Hints:
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × h × (a + b) sq. units
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 5 × (7 + 5) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 5 × 12 = 30 sq. cm

Question 4.
In an isosceles trapezium, the non-parallel sides are _________ in length.
Answer:
equal

Question 5.
To construct a trapezium, _________ measurements are enough.
Answer:
Four

Question 6.
If the area and sum of the parallel sides are 60 cm² and 12 cm, its height is ________ .
Answer:
10 cm
Hint:
Area of the trapezium = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × h (a + b)
60 = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × h × (12)
∴ h = \(\frac{60 \times 2}{12}\) = 10cm

Activity (Text Book page No. 193 & 194)

Question 1.
A pair of identical 30° – 60° – 90° set-squares are needed for this activity. Place them as shown in the figure.

(i) What is the shape we get? It is a parallelogram.
Answer:

(ii) Are the opposite sides parallel?
Answer:
Yes

(iii) Are the opposite sides equal?
Ans:
Yes

(iv) Are the diagonals equal?
Answer:
No

(v) Can you get this shape by using any other pair of identical set-squares?
Answer:
Yes

Question 2.
We need a pair of 30° – 60° – 90° set- squares for this activity. Place them as shown in the figure.

(i) What is the shape we get’?
Ans:
Rectangle

(ii) Is it a parallelogram?
Answer:
Yes

(iii) It is a quadrilateral; infact it is a rectangle. (How?)
Ans:
Opposits sides are equal.
All angles = 90°

(iii) What can we say about its lengths of sides, angles and diagonals?
Discuss and list them out.
Answer:
Opposite sides are equal
All angles are equal and are = 90°
Diagonals arc equal

Question 3.
Repeat the above activity, this time with a pair of 45° – 45° – 90° set-squares.

(i) How does the figure change now? Is it a parallelogram? It becomes a square! (How did it happen?)
Ans:
All sides are equal

(ii) What can we say about its lengths of sides, angles and diagonals? Discuss and list them out.
Answer:
All sides are equal
All angles = 90°
Diagonals equal

(iii) How does it differ from the list we prepared for the rectangle?
Answer:
All sides are equal.
Diagonals bisects each other.

Question 4.
We again use four Identical 30° – 60° – 90° set- squares for this activity.
Note carefully how they are placed touching one another.

(j) Do we get a parallelogram now?
Answer:
Yes

(ii) What can we say about its lengths of sides, angles and diagonals’?
Answer:
All sides equal.
opposite sides arc equal and parallel.

(iii) What is special about their diagonals?
Answer:
Diagonals bisects perpendicularly.

Try These (Text Book Page No. 195 & 196)

Question 1.
Say True or False:
(a) A square is a special rectangle.
Answer:
True

(b) A square is a parallelogram.
Answer:
True

(c) A square is a special rhombus.
Answer:
True

(d) A rectangle is a parallelogram
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Name the quadrilaterals

(a) Which have diagonals bisecting each other.
Answer:
Square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus.

(b) In which the diagonals are perpendicular bisectors of each other.
Answer:
Rhombus and square.

(c) Which have diagonals of different lengths.
Answer:
Parallelogram and Rhombus

(d) Which have equal diagonals.
Answer:
Rectangle, square.

(e) Which have parallel opposite sides.
Answer:
Square, Rectangle. Rhombus, parallelogram.

(f) In which opposite angles are equal.
Answer:
Square, rectangle. rhombus, parallelogram

Question 3.
Two sticks are placed on a ruled sheet as shown. What figure is formed if the four corners of the sticks are joined?

(a)

Two unequal sticks. Placed such that their midpoints coincide.
Answer:
parallelogram

(b)

Two equal sticks. Placed such that their midpoints coincide.
Answer:
Rectangle

(c)

Two unequal sticks. Placed intersecting at mid points perpendicularly.
Answer:
Rhombus

(d)

Two equal sticks. Placed intersecting at mid points perpendicularly.
Answer:
Square

(e)

Two unequal sticks. Tops are not on the same ruling. Bottoms on the same ruling. Not cutting at the mid point of either.
Answer:
Quadrilateral

(f)

Two unequal sticks. Tops on the same ruling. Bottoms on the same ruling. Not necessarily cutting at
the mid point of either.
Answer:
Trapezium

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Guide Pdf Geography Chapter 1 Rocks and Soil Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Important Questions, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 1 Rocks and Soil

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Rocks and Soil Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

1. Which of the following is known as sphere of rocks
a) Atmosphere
b) Biosphere
c) Lithosphere
d) Hydrosphere
Answer:
(c) Lithosphere

2. World soil day is observed on
a) 15th August
b) 12th January
c) 15th October
d) 5th December
Answer:
(d) 5th Decembe

3. Fossils are found in
a) Sedimentary rocks
b) Igneous rocks
c) Metamorphic rocks
d) Plutonic rocks
Answer:
(a) Sedimentary rocks

4. The top layer of soil is called as
a) organic layer or humas
b) topsoil
c) subsoil
d) bedrock
Answer:
(b) topsoil

5. Ideal soil for growing cotton is
a) Red soil
b) Black soil
c) Alluvial soil
d) Mountain soil
Answer:
(b) Black soil

6. The major components of soil is
a) Rocks
b) Minerals
c) Water
d) All the above
Answer:
(b) Minerals

7. Which one of the following is the most widespread most and productive category of soil
a) Alluvial soil
b) Black soil
c) Red soil
d) Mountain soil
Answer:
(a) Alluvial Soil

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. Scientific study of rocks is called …………….
Answer:
Petrology

2. ……………. soil is highly suitable for millets cultivation.
Answer:
Black

3. The “Skin of earth” is
Answer:
Soil

4. ……………. is the kind of metamorphic rock using which Taj Mahal was built.
Answer:
White marble

5. ……………. is known as the primary rocks.
Answer:
Igneous rock

True or False:

1. Igneous rocks are called primary rocks.
Answer:
True

2. Slate is formed from shale.
Answer:
True

3. Red soil is formed by the process of leaching.
Answer:
False

4. M-sand is used as alternative for natural sand in construction.
Answer:
True

5. Volcanic mountains are covered with sedimentary rocks.
Answer:
True

IV. Match the following:
1.

Answer:
A) 2 14 3

2.

Ans: D) 3, 1, 4, 2

V. Choose the incorrect statement from the following:

1. a) Igneous rocks are called the primary rocks.
b) Soil is the product of weathering of rocks.
c) Sedimentary rocks are the hardest ones.
d) Deccan plateau is the region of Igneous rocks.
Answer:
d) Deccan plateau is the region of Igneous rocks.

2. a) Soil erosion decreases its fertility.
b) Dynamic metamorphism is caused by high temperature.
c) Soil is a renewable source.
d) Humus is a part of the top layer of soil.
Answer:
c) Soil is a renewable source.

VI. Consider the. following statements and choose the right option from the given ones:
Statement (1): Sedimentary rocks consist of many layers.
Statement (2) : Sedimentary rocks are formed by the sediments deposited at different points of time.
(a) 1 and 2 are correct and 2 explains 1
(b) 1 and 2 are correct but, 2 does not explain 1
(c) 1 is correct but, 2 is incorrect
(d) 2 is correct but, 1 is incorrect.
Answer:
(a) 1 and 2 are correct and 2 explains 1

VII. Give reasons for the following:

1. Chemical sedimentary rocks are found in the beds of reservoirs.
Answer:
Chemical Sedimentary rocks are formed by the precipitating minerals from water. It is formed usually through the evaporation of chemical-rich solutions.

2. Igneous rocks are found in the regions of volcanoes
Answer:
The formation of igneous rocks takes place when there is an outflow of molten magma.

VIII. Distinguish the following:
1. Metamorphic rock and sedimentary rock.

	Metamorphic rocks	Sedimentary rocks
i)	A rock formed by the alteration of igneous and sedimentary rocks subject to the high temperature and pressure is called metamorphic rocks.	Due to high temperature and pressure, the undisturbed sediments of long period is cemented to form sedimentary rocks.
ii)	Metamorphism is of two types: a) Thermal Metamorphism and b) Dynamic Metamorphism.	Sedimentary rocks are of three types: a) Organic Sedimentary rocks, b) Mechanical Sedimentary rocks and c) Chemical Sedimentary rocks.

2. Soil conservation and Soil erosion.

	Soil conservation	Soil erosion
i)	The process of protecting the soil from erosion to maintain its fertility.	The removal or destructive of the top layer of soil by natural forces and human activities.
ii)	Practised for the conservation of afforestation, controlled grazing, construction of dams, crop rotation, wind break, etc.	Reduces the fertility of soil which leads to the reduction in the agricultural productivity.

IX. Give short answers
1. How are igneous rocks formed?
Answer:
The igneous rocks are formed by the solidification of molten magma.

2. Describe about the composition of soil.
Answer:

• The basic components of soil are mineral, organic matter, water and air.
• It consists of about 45% mineral, 5% organic matter, 25% of water, and 25% air.
• The composition of soil varies from place to place and from time to time.

3. Define ‘rock’.
Answer:

1. The rocks are the solid mineral materials forming a part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets.
2. A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals. Rock is an important natural resource and is found in solid-state.
3. It may be hard or soft in nature.

4. State the types of soils.
Answer:

• Alluvial soil
• Black soil
• Red soil
• Laterites soil
• Mountain soil
• Desert soil

5. What is soil conservation?
Answer:
Soil conservation is the process of protecting the soil from erosion to maintain its fertility.

X. Give a detailed answer for the following:
1. Explain the process of soil formation.
Answer:
Soil and its Formation:

Igneous:
(i) The igneous rocks are formed by the solidification of molten magma. Also called Primary or Parent Rocks.
(ii) Types:

• Extrusive Igneous Rocks.
• Intrusive Igneous Rocks

1. Extrusive Igneous Rocks:
Molten magma which comes out from the interior of the earth’s surface gets solidified and forms such rocks. Fine-grained and glassy in nature. Eg., Basalt, found in northwestern peninsular India.

2. Intrusive Igneous rocks:
Molten magma cools down deep inside the earth’s crust, becomes solid and forms such rocks. Form large grains. Deep seated rocks are plutonic rock and ones at shallow depths – Hypabysal rocks. Example Granite, Diorite.

Sedimentary:
(i) Formed by the sediments derived and deposited by various agents. Also called stratified rocks.
(ii) Types:

• Organic sedimentary rocks
• Mechanical sedimentary rocks,
• Chemical sedimentary rocks

1. Organic sedimentary rocks:
Formed due to decomposition of dead Plants and Animals. Contains fossils. Example Chalk, Talc

2. Mechanical sedimentary rocks:
Formed from the disintegration of Igneous and metamorphic rocks. Get deposited due to erosion by natural agents. Get cemented after a long time to form rocks. Example Sandstone, Shale.

3. Chemical sedimentary rocks: Formed by precipitating of minerals from water. Formed due to evaporation of chemical rich solution. Example Rock Salt.

Metamorphic:
(i) Formed when Igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to high temperature and pressure.
(ii) Types:

• Thermal
• Dynamic

1. Thermal Metamorphic:
If the change in rocks is caused by high temperature.

2. Dynamic Metamorphic:
If the change in rock is caused by high pressure. Formed from Igneous rocks. Eg., Granite into gneiss
Formed from Sedimentary rocks. Eg., Shale into Slate

3. Give an account of different layers of soil.
Layers of soil:
O – Horizon or humus:
This layer is dominated by organic material eg: leaves
A – Horizon or Topsoil:
It is a part of topsoil composed of organic matter mixed with mineral matter.
E – Horizon or Elevated layer:
E – stands for the elevated layer. This layer is significantly leached of clay, iron and aluminium oxides, which leaves a concentration of ore.
B – Horizontal or subsoil:
This layer reflects the chemical or physical alternation or parent material. Thus iron, clay, aluminium and organic compounds are found accumulated in the Horizon.
C – Horizon or Parent Rock:
Partially weathered parent material accumulates in this layer.
R – Horizon or Parent Rock:
This layer consists of an unweathered part of the bedrock.

4. Classify and explain the soil?
Answer:
Definition: Soil is a mixture of Organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.

Classification of soils:
Soils are classified on the basis of their formation, colour, physical and chemical properties. Based on these, soil is classified into six major types. They are Alluvial soil, Black soil, Red soil, Laterite soil, Mountain soil, Desert soil.

Alluvial soil:

• Found in the regions of river valleys, flood plains, and coastal regions.
• Formed by the deposition of silt by the running water.
• Most productive of all soils.
• Suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane, jute, rice, wheat.

Black soils:

• Formed by weathering of igneous rocks.
• Clayey in nature.
• Retains moisture.
• Ideal for growing cotton.

Red Soils:

• Formed by weathering of metamorphic rocks and crystalline rocks.
• Found in semi-arid regions.
• Not a fertile.
• Is soil brown-red in colour due to the presence of iron oxide
• Suitable for millet cultivation.

Laterite soils:

• Formed by the process of leaching.
• Found in trophical regions, which experienced the alternate wet and dry conditions.
• Infertile soil.
• Suitable for plantation of tea and coffee.

Mountain soils:

• Found in slopes of mountains.
• Thin and acidic in nature.
• The nature of soil differs based on the altitude.

Desert soils:

• Found in the hot desert region.
• Porous and saline in nature.
• Infertile in nature.
• Agriculture is not successful.

XI. Activity Corner.

1. Complete the following table with the help of an internet source.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Rocks and Soil Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer.
1. Petrology is derived from the ………….. word.
a) English
b) Latin
c) Greek
d) French
Answer:
(c) Greek

2. The soils found in the desert regions are …………..
a) Mountain Soils
b) Desert Soils
c) Black Soil
d) Red Soil
Answer:
(b) Desert Soils

3. Which Soils are formed by the weathering of metamorphic rocks?
a) Red Soils
b) Rock Soils
c) Laterite Soils
d) Mountain Soils
Answer:
(a) Red Soils

4. …………….. is a part composed of organic matter mixed with mineral matter.
a) Humus
b) Top Soil
c) Elevated layer
d) Sub-soil
Answer:
(b) Top Soil

5. The time to form one cm of soil is
a) 100 years
b) 200 years
c) 500 years
d) 1000 years
Answer:
(b) 200 years

6. …………….is known as the zone of accumulation.
a) Humus
b) Top Soil
c) Elevated layer
d) Sub-soil
Answer:
(d) Sub-soil

7. In the soil composition ………….. are minerals.
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 25%
d) 45%
Answer:
(d) 45%

8. In the soil composition is air.
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 25%
d) 40%.
Answer:
(c) 25%

9. ……………. soils are formed by the deposition of silt by the running water.
a) Black
b) Red
c) Alluvial
d) Desert
Answer:
(c) Alluvial

10. the Soil composition is organic matter.
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 25%
d) 45%
Answer:
(a) 5%

II. Fill in the blanks:
1. A rock is an aggregate of ………….. or more minerals.
Answer:
one

2. There are ………….. different types of minerals found on the earth Surface.
Answer:
2000

3. Rocks are classified in to ………….. types.
Answer:
three

4. The two types of Intrusive Igneous rocks are ………….., …………..
Answer:
Plutonic rocks, Hypabysal rocks

5. Igneous Rocks are ………….. rocks
Answer:
Primary

6. ……………. into slate caused by thermal metamorphism.
Answer:
Basalt

7. Soil is a basic requirement for the growth of ………….. and …………..
Answer:
Plants, animals

8. To become a well-matured soil, it takes about ………….. years.
Answer:
3000

9. Parent Rock is converted to loose Rock by ……………
Answer:
soil

10. Laterite soil is suitable for plantation crops like ………….., …………..
Answer:
tea, coffee

III. State whether the following statements are true or false:

1. To become a well-matured soil, it taken about 2000 years.
Answer:
False

2. Lava comes out from a volcano.
Answer:
True

3. The word Ignis means rock.
Answer:
False

4. Oldest Sedimentary rocks of the world has been identified in Green land.
Answer:
True

5. Soil supports ecosystem and play an important role in land management.
Answer:
True

IV. Match the following:
1.

Answer:
D) 3 1 4 2

V. Choose the incorrect statement from the following:
1. a) Basalt into slate caused by thermal metamorphism.
b) Chemical Sedimentary rocks are also called evaporates.
c) Taj Mahal in India was built with white marbles of Sedimentary rocks.
d) Rocks have been used by mankind throughout history.
Answer:
c) Taj Mahal in India was built with white marbles of Sedimentary rocks.

VI. Consider the following statements and choose the right option from the given ones:
1. Statement (1): Petrology is a branch of geology.
Statement (2): It deals with the Study of water researches.
a) 1 and 2 are correct and 2 explains 1
b) 1 and 2 are correct but, 2 does not explain 1
c) 1 is correct but, 2 is incorrect
d) 2 is correct but, 1 is incorrect.
Answer:
c) 1 is correct but, 2 is incorrect

VII. Give reasons for the following:
1. Why soil is known as ‘Skin of the earth’?

• Soil minerals form the basis of soil.
• It forms on the surface of the earth.
• so It is known as the ‘Skin of the earth’:

VIII. Distinguish the following:
1. Black Soil and Red Soil.

	Black Soil	Red Soil
1.	These Soils are formed by the weathering of igneous rocks.	These soils are formed by the weathering of metamorphic rocks and crystalline rocks.
2.	It is retentive of moisture.	Iron Oxide is present.
3.	It is ideal for growing cotton.	It is Suitable for millet cultivation.

IX. Give short answers:
1. Explain about Petrology.

• Petrology is a branch of geology which deals with the study of rocks.
• ‘Petrology’ is derived from the Greek word “Petrus” refers to rock and “Logos” refers to study

2. Name the layer in the Earth.
The layer found in the Earth are namely

• Lithosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Atmosphere
• Biosphere.

3. Explain the type of Igneous Rocks.

• Extrusive Igneous Rocks
• Intrusive Igneous Rocks.

X. Give a detailed answer for the following:
1. What are the uses of soil?
Answer:
Soil is one of the important natural resources. It is a basic requirement for plant growth and supports various life forms on the earth.

• The minerals present in the soil enhance and nourishes the crops and plants.
• It is used in the making of ceramics or pottery.
• It is a source of material for construction and handicraft works.
• It acts as a natural filter of water and purifies it.
• Soil supports the ecosystem and plays an important role in land management.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 5 Geometry Ex 5.4 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Geometry Ex 5.4

I. Construct the following quadrilaterals with the given measurements and also find their area.

Question 1.
ABCD, AB = 5 cm, BC = 4.5 cm, CD = 3.8 cm, DA = 4.4 cm and AC = 6.2 cm.
Answer:
Given ABCD, AB = 5 cm, BC = 4.5 cm, CD = 3.8 cm, DA = 4.4 cm and AC = 6.2 cm.

Steps:

• Draw a line segment AB = 5 cm
• With A and B as centers drawn arcs of radii 6.2 cm and 4.5cm respectively and let them cut at C.
• Joined AC and BC.
• With A and C as centrers drawn arcs of radii 4.4cm and 3.8 cm respectively and let them at D.
• Joined AD and CD.
• ABCD is the required quadrilateral.

Calculation of Area:
Area of the quadrilateral ABCD = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × d × (h₁1 + h₂) sq. units
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 6.2 × (2.6 + 3.6)cm² = 3.1 × 6.2 = 19.22 cm²

Question 2.
PLAY, PL = 7cm, LA = 6cm, AY = 6cm, PA = 8cm and LY = 7cm.
Answer:
Given PLAY, PL = 7cm, LA = 6cm, AY = 6cm, PA = 8cm and LY = 7cm

Steps:

• Drawn a line segment PL = 7 cm
• With P and L as centers, drawn arcs of radii 8 cm and 6 cm respectively, let them cut at A.
• Joined PA and LA.
• With L and A as centers, drawn arcs of radii 7 cm and 6 cm respectively and let them cut at Y.
• Joined LY, PY and AY.
• PLAY is the required quadrilateral.

Calculation of Area:
Area of the quadrilateral PLAY = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × d × (h₁ + h₂) sq. units = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 8 × (5.1 + 1.4) cm²
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 8 × 6.5 cm² = 26 cm²
Area of the quadrilateral = 26 cm²

Question 3.
PQRS, PQ = QR = 3.5 cm, RS = 5.2 cm, SP = 5.3 cm and ∠Q = 120°.
Answer:
Given PQ = QR = 3.5 cm, RS = 5.2 cm, SP = 5.3 cm and ∠Q = 120°

Steps:

• Draw a line segment PQ = 3.5 cm
• Made ∠Q = 120°. Drawn the ray QX.
• With Q as centre drawn an arc of radius 3.5 cm. Let it cut the ray QX at R.
• With R and P as centres drawn arcs of radii 5.2cm and 5.5 cm respectively and let them cut at S.
• Joined PS and RS.
• PQRS is the required quadrilateral.

Calculation of Area:
Area of the quadrilateral PQRS = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × d × (h₁ + h₂) sq. units
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 6 × (4.3 + 17)cm²
= 3 × 6cm²
= 18 cm²
Area of the quadrilateral PQRS = 18 cm²

Question 4.
MIND, MI = 3.6 cm, ND = 4 cm, MD = 4 cm, ∠M = 50° and ∠D = 100°.
Answer:
Given MI = 3.6 cm, ND = 4 cm, MD = 4 cm, ∠M = 50° and ∠D = 100°

Steps:

• Drawn a line segment MI = 3.6 cm
• At M on MI made an angle ∠IMX = 500
• Drawn an arc with center M and radius 4 cm let it cut MX it D
• At D on DM made an angle ∠MDY = 100°
• With I as center drawn an arc of radius 4 cm, let it cut DY at N.
• Joined DN and IN.
• MIND is the required quadrilateral.

Calculation of Area:
Area of the quadrilateral MIND = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × d × (h₁ + h₂) sq. units = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 3.2 × (2.7 + 33) cm²
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 3.2 × 6 cm² = 9.6 cm²
Area of the quadrilateral = 9.6 cm²

Question 5.
AGRI, AG = 4.5 cm, GR = 3.8 cm, ∠A = 60°, ∠G = 110° and ∠R = 90°.
Answer:
AG = 4.5 cm, GR = 3.8 cm, ∠A = 60°, ∠G = 110° and ∠R = 90°.

Steps:

• Draw a line segment AG = 4.5 cm
• At G on AG made ∠AGX = 110°
• With G as centre drawn an arc of radius 3.8 cm let it cut GX at R.
• At R on GR made ∠GRZ = 90°
• At A on AG made ∠GAY = 90°
• AY and RZ meet at I.
• AGRI is the required quadrilateral.

Calculation of Area:
Area of the quadrilateral AGRI = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × d × (h₁ + h₂) sq. units = × 6.8 × (2.9 + 2.4) cm²
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 6.8 × 5.3 × cm²
Area of the quadrilateral = 18.02 cm²

II. Construct the following trapeziums with the given measures and also find their area.

Question 1.
AIMS with \(\overline{\mathrm{AI}}\) || \(\overline{\mathrm{SM}}\), AI = 6cm, IM = 5cm, AM = 9cm and MS = 6.5cm.
Answer:
Given AI = 6 cm, IM = 5 cm
AM = 9 cm, and \(\overline{\mathrm{AI}}\) || \(\overline{\mathrm{SM}}\)
MS = 6.5 cm

Rough Diagram

Construction:
Steps:

• Draw a line segment AI = 6cm.
• With A and I as centres, draw arcs of radii 9 cm and 5 cm respectively and let them cut at M
• Join AM and IM.
• Draw MX parallel to AI
• With M as centre, draw an arc of radius 6.5 cm cutting MX at S.
• Join AS AIMS is the required trapezium.

Calculation of Area
Area of the trapezium AIMS = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × h × (a + b) sq.units
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 4.6 × (6 + 6.5)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 4.6 × 12.5
= 28.75 Sq.cm

Question 2.
CUTE with \(\overline{\mathrm{CD}}\) || \(\overline{\mathrm{ET}}\), CU = 7cm, ∠ UCE = 80° CE = 6cm and TE = 5cm.
Answer:
Given: In the trapezium CUTE,
CU = 7cm, ∠UCE = 80°,
CE = 6cm,TE = 5cm and \(\overline{\mathrm{CD}}\) || \(\overline{\mathrm{ET}}\)

Rough Diagram

Construction:
Steps:

• Draw a line segment CU = 7cm.
• Construct an angle ∠UCE = 80° at C
• With C as centre, draw an arc of radius 6 cm cutting CY at E
• Draw EX parallel to CU
• With E as centre, draw an arc 7 cm of radius 5 cm cutting EX at T
• Join UT. CUTE is the required trapezium.

Calculation of area:
Area of the trapezium CUTE = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × h × (a + b) sq. units
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 5.9 × (7 + 5)sq. units
= 35.4 sq.cm

Question 3.
ARMY with \(\overline{\mathrm{AR}}\) || \(\overline{\mathrm{YM}}\), AR = 7cm, RM = 6.5 cm ∠RAY = 100° and ∠ARM = 60°
Answer:
Given: In the trapezium ARMY
AR = 7cm,RM = 6.5cm,
∠RAY = 100° and ARM 60°, \(\overline{\mathrm{AR}}\) || \(\overline{\mathrm{YM}}\)

Rough Diagram

Construction:
Steps:

• Draw a line segment AR = 7 cm.
• Construct an angle ∠RAX = 100° at A
• Construct an angle ∠ARN = 60° at R
• With R as centre, draw an arc of radius 6.5 cm cutting RN at M
• Draw MY parallel to AR
• ARMY is the required trapezium.

Calcualtion of Area:
Area of the trapezium ARMY = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × h × (a + b) sq. units
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 5.6 × (7 + 4.8) sq. units
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 5.6 × 1.18
= 33.04 sq.cm

Question 4.
CITY with \(\overline{\mathrm{CI}}\) || \(\overline{\mathrm{YT}}\), CI = 7cm, IT = 5 .5 cm, TY = 4cm and YC = 6cm.
Answer:
Given: In the trapezium CITY,
CI = 7cm,IT = 5.5cm, TY = 4cm
YC = 6cm, and \(\overline{\mathrm{CI}}\) || \(\overline{\mathrm{YT}}\)

Rough Diagram

Construction:
Steps:

• Draw a line segment CI = 7 cm.
• Mark a point D on CI such that CD = 4cm
• With D and I as centres, draw arcs of radii 6 cm and 5.5 cm respectively.
  Let them cut at T. Join DT and IT.
• With C as centre, draw an arc of radius 6 cm.
• Draw TY parallel to Cl. Let the line cut the previous arc at Y.
• Join CY. CITY is the required trapezium.

Construction of area:
Area of the trapezium CITY = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × h × (a + b) sq. units
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 5.5 × (7 + 4)sq.units
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 5.5 × 11
= 30.25 sq.cm

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 5 Geometry Ex 5.5 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Geometry Ex 5.5

I. Construct the following parallelograms with the given measurements and find their area.

Question 1.
ARTS, AR = 6cm, RT = 5cm and ∠ART = 70°.
Answer:
Given : In the Parallelogram ARTS,
AR = 6 cm, RT = 5 cm, and ∠ART = 70°

Rough Diagram

Construction:
Steps:

• Draw a line segment AR = 6 cm.
• Make an angle ∠ART = 70° at R on AR
• With R as centre, draw an arc of radius 5 cm cutting RX at T
• Draw a line TY parallel to AR through T.
• With T as centre, draw an arc of radius 6 cm cutting TY at S. Join AS
• ARTS is the required parallelogram.

Calculation of area:
Area of the parallelogram ARTS = b × h sq. units
= 6 × 4.7 = 28.2 sq.cm

Question 2.
CAMP, CA = 6cm, AP = 8cm and CP = 5.5cm.
Answer:
Given : In the parallelogram CAMP,
CA = 6 cm, AP = 8 cm, and CP = 5.5cm

Rough Diagram

Construction:
Steps:

• Draw a line segment CA = 6 cm.
• With C as centre, draw an arc of length 5.5 cm
• With A as centre, draw an arc of length 8 cm
• Mark the intersecting point of these two arcs as P
• Draw a line PX parallel to CA
• With P as centre draw an arc of radius 6 cm cutting PX at M. Join AM
• CAMP is the required parallelogram.

Calculation of area:
Area of the Parallelogram CAMP = b × h sq. units
= 6 × 5.5 = 33 sq.cm

Question 3.
EARN, ER = 10cm, AN = 7cm and ∠EOA = 110° where \(\overline{\mathrm{ER}}\) and \(\overline{\mathrm{AN}}\) intersect at O.
Answer:
Given: In the parallelogram EARN,
ER = 10 cm, AN = 7 cm, and LEOA = 1100
Where \(\overline{\mathrm{ER}}\) and \(\overline{\mathrm{AN}}\) intersect at 0

Rough diagram

Construction:
Steps:

• Draw a line segment PX. Mark a point O on PX
• Make an angle ∠EOA = 1100 on PX at O
• Draw arcs of radius 3.5 cm with O as centre on either side of PX. Cutting YZ on A and N
• With A as centre, draw an arc of radius 10 cm, cutting PX at E. Join AE
• Draw a line parallel to AE at N cutting PX at R. Join EN and AR
• EARN is the required parallelogram

Calculation of area:
Area of the Parallelogram EARN = b × h sq. units
= 10 × 5.5 = 55 sq.cm

Question 4.
GAIN, GA = 7.5cm, GI = 9cm and ∠GAI = 100°.
Answer:
Given : In the parallelogram GAIN,
GA = 7.5 cm, GI = 9 cm, and ∠GAI = 100°

Construction:
Steps:

• Draw a line segment GA = 7.5 cm.
• Make an angle GAI = 100° at A.
• With G as centre, draw an arc of radius 9 cm cutting AX at I. Join GI.
• Draw a line IY parallel to GA through I.
• With I as centre, draw an arc of radius 7.5 cm on IY cutting at N. Join GN
• GAIN is the required parallelogram.

Construction of area:
Area of the Parallelogram GAIN = b × h sq. units
= 7.5 × 39 = 29.25 sq. cm

II. Construct the following rhombuses with the given measurements and also find their area.

(i) FACE, FA = 6 cm and FC = 8 cm
Answer:
Given FA = 6 cm and FC = 8 cm

Rough Diagram

Steps:

• Drawn a line segment FA = 6 cm.
• With F and A as centres, drawn arcs of radii 8 cm and 6 cm respectively and let them cut at C.
• Joined FC and AC.
• With F and C as centres, drawn arcs of radius 6 cm each and let them cut at E.
• Joined FE and EC.
• FACE is the required rhombus.

Calculation of Area :
Area of the rhombus = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × d₁ × d₂ sq.units = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 8 × 9 sq.units = 36 cm

(ii) CAKE, CA = 5 cm and ∠A = 65°
Answer:
Given CA = 5 cm and ∠A = 65°

Rough Diagram

Steps:

• Drawn a line segment CA = 5 cm.
• At A on AC, made ∠CAX = 65°
• With A as centre, drawn arc of radius 5 cm. Let it cut AX at K.
• With K and C as centres, drawn arcs of radius 5 cm each and let them cut at E.
• Joined KE and CE.
• CAKE is the required rhombus.

Calculation of Area:
Area of the rhombus = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × d₁ × d₂ sq.units
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 54 × 85cm²
= 22.95 cm²

(iii) LUCK, LC = 7.8 cm and UK = 6 cm
Answer:
Given LC = 7.8 cm and UK = 6 cm

Rough Diagram

Steps:

• Drawn a line segment LC = 7.8 cm.
• Drawn the perpendicular bisector XY to LC. Let it cut LC at ‘O’
• With O as centres, drawn arc of radius 3 cm on either side of O which cut OX at K and OY at U.
• Joined LU, UC, CK and LK.
• UCK is the required rhombus.

Calculation of Area:
Area of the rhombus = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × d₁ × d₂ sq.units
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 7.8 × 6 cm² = 23.4 cm²

(iv) PARK, PR = 9 cm and ∠P = 70°
Answer:
Given PR = 9 cm and ∠P = 70°

Rough Diagram

Steps:

• Drawn a line segment PR = 9 cm.
• At P, made ∠RPX ∠RPY = 35° on either side of PR.
• At R, made ∠PRQ = ∠PRS = 35° on either side of PR
• Let PX and RQ cut at A and PY and RS at K.
• PARK is the required rhombus

Constructon of Area:
Area of the rhombus = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × d₁ × d₂ sq.units = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 9 × 6.2 cm²
= 27.9 cm²

III. Construct the following rectangles with the given measurements and also find their area.

(i) HAND,HA = 7cm and AN = 4 cm
Answer:
Given HA = 7cm and AN = 4 cm

Rough Diagram

Steps:

• Drawn a line segment HA = 7 cm.
• At H, constructed HX ⊥ HA.
• With H as centre, drawn an arc of radius 4 cm and let it cut at HX at D.
• With A and D as centres, drawn arcs of radii 4 cm and 7 cm respectively and let them cut at N.
• Joined AN and DN.
• HAND is the required rectangle.

calculation of’ area :
Area of the rectangle HAND = l × b sq.units
= 7 × 4 cm²
= 28 cm²

(ii) LAND, LA = 8cm and AD = 10 cm
Answer:
Given LA = 8cm and AD = 10 cm

Sleps :

• Drawn a line segment LA = 8 cm.
• At L, constructed LX ⊥ LA.
• With A as centre, drawn an arc of radius 10 cm and let it cut at LX at D.
• With A as centre and LD as radius drawn an arc. Also with D as centre and LA as radius drawn another arc. Let then cut at N.
• Joined DN and AN.
• LAND is the required rectangle.

Calcualtion of arca :
Area of the rectangle LAND = l × b sq.units
= 8 × 5.8 cm²
= 46.4 cm²

IV. Construct the following squares with the given measurements and also find their area.

(i) EAST, EA = 6.5 cm
Answer:
Given side = 6.5 cm

Rough diagram

Steps:

• Drawn a line segment EA = 6.5 cm.
• At E, constructed EX⊥ EA.
• With E as centre, drawn an arc of radius 6.5 cm and let it cut EX at T.
• With A and T as centre drawn an arc of radius 6.5 cm each and let them cut at S.
• Joined TS and AS.
• EAST is the required square.

Calcualtion of Area:
Area of the square EAST = a² sq.units
= 6.5 × 6.5 cm²
= 42.25 cm²

(ii) WEST, WS = 7.5 cm
Answer:
Given diagonal = 7.5 cm

Rough Diagram

Steps:

• Drawn a line segment WS = 7.5 cm.
• Drawn the perpendicular bisector XY to WS. Let it bisect BS at O.
• With O as centre, drawn an arc of radius 3.7 cm on either side of O which cut OX at T and OY at E
• Joined BE, ES, ST and BT.
• WEST is the required square.

Calculation of Area:
Area of the square WEST = a² sq.units
= 5.3 × 53 cm²
= 28.09 cm².

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 3 Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Prose Chapter 3 Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist

8th English Guide Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Warm Up (Text Book Page No. 63)

In pairs, identify the great thinkers of the world and write the names from the box. (Text Book Page No. 63)

Section – I
Textual Exercise (Text Book Page No. 66)

Read and Understand (Text Book Page No. 66)

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. Isaac Newton was born at ……………
Answer:
Woolsthorpe

2. Grandmother was advised to apprentice him to a ……………
Answer:
clockmaker

3. Isaac made a clock, by the dropping of ……………
Answer:
water

4. The sun-dial made by Isaac is still in existence at ……………
Answer:
Woolsthorpe

5. Isaac constructed a model of the …………….
Answer:
windmill

B. Choose the correct synonyms for the italicized words.

1. Isaac was chiefly remarkable for his ingenuity.
a) common
b) notable
c) neglected
d) unknown
Answer:
b) notable

2. He will make a capital workman.
a) wealth
b) excellent
c) profitable
d) head
Answer:
d) head

3. Nobody could tell what the sunshine was composed of.
a) made
b) known
c) full
d) felt
Answer:
a) made

4. But he cared little for earthly fame and honors.
a) disrespect
b) attraction
c) proud
d) popularity
Answer:
a) disrespect

Section – II
Textual Exercise (Text Book Page No. 69)

Read and Understand (Text Book Page No. 69)

A. Choose the correct Synonyms for the italicized word.

1. His Grandmother was very kind to him.
a) affectionate
b) loving
c) disrespectful
d) cruel.
Answer:
d) cruel

2. The boy seemed to have a taste for mathematics.
a) delicious
b) sweet
c) dislike
d) against
Answer:
c) dislike

3. Isaac possessed a wonderful faculty of acquiring knowledge.
a) owned
b) controlled
c) lacks
d) have
Answer:
c) lacks

4. He was observed to be usually busy with his tools.
a) common
b) rarely
c) unwantedly
d) usually
Answer:
b) rarely

B. Answer the following questions in one or two. (Text Book Page No. 70)

1. Who was taking care of Newton after his father’s death?
Answer:
His grandmother was taking care of Newton after his father’s death.

2. What did Isaac manufacture at his young age?
Answer:
Issac manufactured many curious articles at a young age.

3. How did the young boy find the strength of the wind?
Answer:
The young boy found the strength of the wind by first jumping against the wind. According to the length of his jump, he could calculate the force of a gentle breeze, a brisk gale or a tempest.

4. Why were his friends attracted by the windmill?
Answer:
The playmates of Newton were attracted by the model of windmill. They thought it to be pretty and wonderful.

5. How was Newton honored by the king?
Answer:
Newton was made a Member of the Parliament and received the honour of knighthood from the king.

C. Answer the following in about 100 words.

1. Why did Newton’s friends advise his grandmother to apprentice him to a clockmaker?
Answer:
Issac seemed to have taste for mathematics besides his mechanical skills. His taste for Maths would be useful to him in clock making. Issac made a kind of clock which would work by the dropping of water. Besides the water clock, Issac made a sun-dial. The sundial is said to be in still in existence at Woolsthorpe, on the comer of the house where Issac dwelt.

2. How did Newton learn about the way a windmill operated?
Answer:
Newton frequently went to the windmill that operated on a new plan. He spent hours examining the various parts of the windmill. When the mill was not working, he examined its internal machinery. When the windmill’s broad sails were in motion by the wind, Newton examined the process by which the mill-stones revolved and crushed the grains, put into its hopper. Thus Newton gained a thorough knowledge of the construction and operation of the windmill.

3. Mention some of Newton’s inventions.
Answer:
Reflecting telescope, laws of motion, law of gravity are the famous inventions of Sir Issac Newton. He also discovered Calculus. He was the first one to find out the nature of light. He searched out the laws by which the planets are guided through the sky.

Vocabulary (Text Book Page No. 70)

Prefix and Suffix
a. Underline the prefix in each word in the boxes: (Text Book Page No. 71)

b. Pick a suitable Prefix and suffix from the given box and complete the following words:
able, ful, ly, sub, ion, un, tri, re, im, mis

Syllabification

Syllabify the words: (Text Book Page No. 73)

1. education – 4 Syllables
2. school – 1 Syllable
3. college – 2 Syllables
4. English – 2 Syllables
5. opportunity – 4 Syllables
6. friend – 1 Syllable
7. teacher – 2 Syllables
8. simultaneously – 6 Syllables
9. laboratory – 4 Syllables
10. beneficiary – 5 Syllables

Listening (Text Book Page No. 74)

Listen to the passage carefully and write the answer.

Note: The listening passage is given on page no. 227
Questions:
1. Name the scientist.
Answer:
The name of the scientist was Sir Alexander Fleming.

2. What did he discover?
Answer:
He discovered Penicillin.

3. Who approached the scientist?
Answer:
Two journalists approached the scientist.

4. What was the question by the journalist?
Answer:
The journalists wished to know what a great scientist would think before his breakfast.

5. When did they meet the scientist?
Answer:
They met the scientist when he was about to have his breakfast.

Speaking (Text Book Page No. 74)

Take a few minutes and make hints of the picture. Arrange your thoughts. Using the points you write, deliver a small speech focusing the issue picturised here. Give an interesting and informative speech. Your speech should include the cause and the solution.

Tips for effective speaking:

• Organise your points and ideas well.
• Don’t memorise the speech. If you forget a point, it will make you nervous.
• Avoid the things that are of no value or interest to the audience.
• Before you speak, take a deep breath, smile, greet the audience.
• Don’t be nervous about making a mistake.
• Interesting speech makes your mistakes nothing.

In this picture, we see a number of chimneys emitting smoke. These buildings may be factories or mills. There are green lawns and a few trees found in this picture. We also see a number of vehicles on the road. The smoke from the factories and vehicles create air pollution and noise pollution. There is a water source and dumping of garbage is found in the lower part of the picture. The garbage will make the water polluted. Water is already scarce in our towns. We must take serious remedial measures against air pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution to save our environment. We must promote eco-friendliness in the young minds.

Writing (Text Book Page No. 75)

H) Write a character sketch of any character from a fiction that has made an impact on you.
Headings:

1. Introduction of the person:
Answer:
Jane, an orphan, the heroine of the fiction, ’Jane Eyre’ written by Charles Bronte is my favorite character.

2. Character:
Answer:
Jane a poor orphan, who lost both her parents at an early stage suffer hell at the house of her uncle Mr. Reed. Mr. Reed died. He liked her very much. Even when he died he asked his wife to promise of taking care of her after his death. Still, Mrs. Reed never liked Jane. Jane was treated cruelly by the children of Mrs. Reed. Once, Mrs. Reed sent Jane to a charity school at Lowood.

3. Talk about what others say about the character :
Answer:
The servant-maid Bessie sympathised with Jane for her sufferings. Miss. Temple and Miss. Miller’s teachers of the charity school at Lowood took pity on her. They felt she was too young to be sent alone like that. They thought since she knew reading and writing she would do well in her studies.

4. Write if the character appealed to you, with reasons:
Answer:
Definitely, the character of Jane is impressive. She lost her parents. She was an orphan. She was tormented in her aunt’s house. The school she studied gave her semi-starvation and unbearable cold environment. In the bathroom, they had only frozen water. In spite of the ordeal, Jane got educated. She started working as a teacher in the same school. She got an appointment as a governess in the house of Rochester at Thornfield.

5. Support your views with evidence from the text.
Answer:
Jane treats her pupil Adela, the ward of Mr. Rochester in a way that is convincing for the child. Adela likes painting, drawing, singing, and dancing. Jane appreciates her skills and talents. Adela gets attracted to Jane. Jane skilfully befriends the pupil Adela and breaks the ice. Adela starts liking Jane.

Grammar (Text Book Page No. 75)

a) Fill in the blanks by using correct preposition.

1. We go to school ____ Mondays, but not on Sunday
Answer:
on

2. Christmas falls ____ 25th December.
Answer:
on

3. Buy me a present ____ my birthday.
Answer:
on

4. Families often argue ____ Christmas time.
Answer:
in

5. I work faster ____ night.
Answer:
at

6. Her shift finished ____ 7 p.m.
Answer:
at

Model Verbs (Text Book Page No. 76)

Circle the modal verbs in the list given in the box (Text Book Page No. 75)

I. Use polite request when we seek help from others. Page – 78)
a) Fill in the blanks using would you or could you.

1. ……………. please close the door?
Answer:
Could you

2. ……………. please open the window?
Answer:
Could you

3. ……………. mind going to the backbench?
Answer:
Would you

4. ……………. please bring some water for me?
Answer:
Could you

b) Use the phrases could you or would you in the following situations with your friend.

1. Ask the policeman for directions.
Answer:
Could you direct me to the temple?

2. You need to borrow your friend’s bike.
Answer:
Could yo lend me your bike?

3. You would need to exchange the book purchased.
Answer:
Would you mind my exchanging the book purchased?

4. You want to open your classroom window.
Answer:
Would you mind opening the classroom window?

Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist Summary in English

Issac Newton was born on the Christmas day, at Woolsthrope in England in 1642. His mother got remarried after his father’s death. Newton was with his grandmother. Newton created curious articles. He became an apprentice to a clockmaker. He observed the functioning of a windmill nearby. He then contacted a model of the windmill. Newton engaged himself in mathematics and philosophy. He found the nature of light, laws of motion, law of gravity, and also calculus. He was honoured with knighthood. He was a scientist, astronomer, and also a mechanical genius.

Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist Summary in Tamil

ஐசக் நியூட்டன் 1642ம் ஆண்டு கிறிஸ்துமஸ் தினத்தன்று உல்ஸ்த்தார்ப் என்ற இடத்தில் இங்கிலாந்தில் பிறந்தார். அவரது தந்தை இறந்த பிறகு அவரின் தாயார் மறுமணம் செய்து கொண்டார். நியூட்டன் தன் பாட்டியிடம் வளர்ந்தார். நியூட்டன் ஆச்சரியமான சிறியப் பொருட்களை உருவாக்கினார். கடிகாரம் செய்பவரிடம் தொழில் கற்கும் வேலைக்கு அமர்ந்தார். அருகில் உள்ள காற்றாலையின் செயல்பாட்டை உற்று நோக்கியவர் ஒரு சிறிய காற்றாலை மாதிரியை தானே உருவாக்கினார். நியூட்டன் கணிதம், தத்துவம் போன்ற புத்தகங்களைப் படிப்பதில் தன்னை ஈடுபடுத்திக் கொண்டார். அவர் ஒளியின் இயல்பு, இயக்க விதிகள், புவி ஈர்ப்பு விசை விதி போன்றவற்றைக் கண்டுபிடித்தார். அவர் வானியல், அறிவியல் மட்டுமல்ல, இயந்திரங்களை இயக்குவதிலும் வல்லுனராய் திகழ்ந்தார்.

Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist About the Author in English

The biography of Sir Isaac Newton was published in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, True Stories from History and Biography (1851). As Newton observed after a life¬time of discoveries: “I seem to myself like a child,” he observed, “playing on the seashore, and picking up here and there a curious shell or a pretty pebble, while the boundless ocean of truth lies undiscovered before me”.

Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist About the Author in Tamil

சர் ஐசக் நியூட்டனின் – வாழ்க்கை சரிதம், நாதனியல் ஹாத்தார்ன் என்பவரால் 1851ஆம் ஆண்டு வெளியிடப்பட்டது. “சரித்திரம் மற்றும் வாழ்க்கை சரிதம்: இவற்றின் உண்மைக் கதைகள்” என்ற புத்தகம் அது நியூட்டன் தன் வாழ்நாள் கண்டுபிடிப்புகளுக்கு பிறகு சொன்னார், ‘நான் ஒரு குழந்தை போன்றவன். கடற்கரையில் சில சிப்பிகளையும் அழகிய கூழாங்கற்களையும் தான் கண்டெடுத்துள்ளேன். இன்னும் கண்டுபிடிக்க வேண்டிய விஷயங்கள் கரைகாணாத கடல் போல் என்முன்னே உள்ளன’.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Guide Pdf Poem 2 My Hobby: Reading Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Poem 2 My Hobby: Reading

8th English Guide My Hobby: Reading Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Warm-Up

What are your Leisure time activities?
Answer:
Drawing, painting and coin collecting are my leisure time activities.

Why do you do them?
Answer:
I do them because they give me creativity and self-confidence. Also, they reduce my stress.

Do you read the book? What type of books do you read?
Answer:
Yes, I read books. I read the books of scientific invention.

My Hobby: Reading Textual Questions and Answers

1. Comprehension Questions

1. What is the hobby of the poet?
Answer:
Reading is the hobby of the poet.

2. What does “ajar” mean?
Answer:
The word ‘ajar’ means opening the door slightly.

3. Can the poet fly without wings?
Answer:
No, the poet cannot fly without wings, but- his thoughts and imaginations can fly everywhere without wings.

4. What can the children do to society if they read?
Answer:
If all the children read the books, it can construct a powerful society.

5. What is the theme of the poem?
Answer:
The theme of the poem is, ‘Reading hobby’.

2. On the basis of your understanding of the poem, tick the most suitable option to complete the statements.

3. Complete the table given below in order to understand the poem better: (Text Book Page No. 55)

Answer the following: (Text Book Page No. 56)

1. List the rhyming words in the first three lines.
Answer:
Seed, deep, asleep

2. Which line in the poem rhymes with ‘Down crept its light’?
Answer:
“Down crept its light’?
Into the seed, too bright.

Answer the following:

a. Identify the rhyme scheme of the given short poem.
Answer:
My dog likes bones,- a He eats them up,- b He’s very sweet,- a He’s just a pup.- a
The rhyme scheme is “abab”

b. Complete this rhyme on your own with a abab rhyme scheme.
Answer:
Peas porridge hot
Peas porridge cold
It is in the pot
My mother told

8th English Guide My Hobby: Reading Additional Appreciation Questions and Answers

1. “It takes me to places Near and far”
Answer:
a) What takes you to various places?
Reading takes me to various places.
b) How does it take to far and near places?
While reading a book, I go to places, mentioned in it through my imagination.

2. “I wish
Answer:
If all the children could read”
a) Whose wish is mentioned here?
The poet’s wish is mentioned here.
b) What does he wish?
He wishes that all the children must-read books.

3. “My hobby is reading
Answer:
It helps me thought breeding”

a) What is the hobby of the poet?
The hobby of the poet is reading.

b) How does it help him?
Reading habits helps the poet to get different ideas.

4. “It teaches me to cackle and cry.
Answer:
Without wings
It lets me fly”
a) Why does the poet cackle and cry?
When he reads happy things, the poet cackles. When he reads sad things, the poet cries.

My Hobby: Reading Summary in English

My hobby reading helps me a lot Reading takes me to far off places. It opens many doors. It gives me a lot of freedom. If all the children read, we will get a successful society.

My Hobby: Reading Summary in Tamil

எனது பொழுதுபோக்கான வாசித்தல் எனக்கு உதவிகரமாய் உள்ளது. என்னை தூரமான இடங்கட்கு அழைத்துச் செல்கிறது. அது பல அறிவுக் கதவுகளைத் திறக்கிறது. எனக்கு மிகுந்த சுதந்திரம் தருகிறது. எல்லா குழந்தைகளும் வாசிக்க ஆரம்பித்தால் நாம் ஒரு வெற்றிகரமான சமுதாயத்தை அமைக்கலாம்.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Guide Pdf Supplementary Chapter 2 Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 2 Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist

8th English Guide Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist Text book Back Questions and Answers

8th English Guide Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist Textual Exercise Questions and Answers

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Jim Corbett died on ……………… .
Answer:
19th April, 1955

2. Corbett shot wild animals in his …………………… .
Answer:
cine film camera

3. …………………. was the first man-eater shot by Corbett.
Answer:
The Champawat Tiger

4. Corbett shot the tigress dead, near the ……………….. .
Answer:
Chataar Bridge

B. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

Jim Corbett played a key role in establishing, India’s first national park in the Kumaon Hills, the Hailey National Park, in Uttarakhand, India. It was initially named after, Lord Malcolm Hailey. Jim Corbett died on 19 April 1955. The park was renamed in 1957 as, The Jim Corbett National Park. It was named after him to honour his role in establishing this protected area in 1930s.

1. Who played a key role in establishing the national park?
Answer:
Corbett played a key role in establishing the India’s first National Park in the Kumaon Hills.

2. Why was the park named Hailey National Park?
Answer:
The park was named Hailey National Park in memory of “Lord Malcolm Hailey”.

3. When was it renamed Jim Corbett National Park?
Answer:
The park was renamed in 1957 as the Jim Corbett National Park to honour his role in establishing the protected area in 1930s.

C. Answer the following in one or two words:

1. What was the birth name of Jim Corbett?
Answer:
Edward James Corbett was his birth name.

2. What was the name of Corbett’s dog?
Answer:
The name of Jim Corbett’s dog was Robin.

3. How many kills did the Champawat Tiger recorded?
Answer:
The Tiger recorded 436 deaths.

4. Who was the last kill of the Champawat Tiger?
Answer:
The last person to be killed by the Champawat Tiger was a 16-year-old girl in a village near Champawat.

5. When did Jim Corbett die?
Answer:
He died on 19th April in 1955.

D. Answer the following in 100 words.

1. According to Corbett, why a tiger turns into a man-eater?
Answer:
According to Corbett’s theory, a tiger starts eating humans, when they grow old or got hurt. As they cannot run fast, they start killing humans. People cannot run as fast as animals. So they become easy prey. After eating human flesh once, a tiger will not eat any other flesh. These tigers are called man-eaters. Join Corbett’s first man-eating tiger hunt was the Champawat Tiger. It was a Bengal tigress. It was responsible for nearly 436 deaths in Nepal and the Kumaon area of India.

2. How was the Champawat Tiger killed?
Answer:
Jim Corbett camped in the Kumaon district, and started tracking the tigress. After several unsuccessful attempts, Corbett managed to kill, the tiger when it killed 16 years old girl. He followed a trail of blood left there. After a whole day of pursuit, Corbett had to abandon the hunt, decided to use villagers and to organize a bait the next day near the Champa river. The tigress got caught in the bait. With the help of the tahsildar of Champawat, the bait was organized with about 300 villagers. The next day, Corbett shot the tigress dead, near the Chataar Bridge, in Champawat.

3. What were the findings of the postmortem?
Answer:
A post-mortem was done on the Bengal Tigress. It showed that the upper and lower ’ canine teeth on the right side of her mouth were broken. The upper one was broken in half and the lower one broke right down to the bone. This injury was a result of an old gunshot from the game hunter who failed to track and kill it. According to Jim Corbett this injury prevented her from hunting her natural prey and so she started to hunt humans.

Step to Success (Text Book Page No. 61)

Analogy – verbal reasoning questions.
There is a certain relation between two given words, find the relation to find the missing word:

1. Reading : Knowledge, Work : ?
a) Experience
b) Engagement
c) Experiment
d) Employment
Answer:
a) Experience

2. Cricket: Bat, Hockey : ?
a) Field
b) Stick
c) Player
d) Ball
Answer:
b) Stick

3. Dog : Rabies, Mosquito : ?
a) Plague
b) Death
c) Malaria
d) Sting
Answer:
c) Malaria

4. Man : Biography, Nation : ?
a) Leader
b) People
c) Geography
d) History
Answer:
d) History

5. Bread : Bakery, Brick : ?
a) Mint
b) Kiln
c) Furnace
d) Mine
Answer:
b) Kiln

6. Doctor : Diagnosis, Judge : ?
a) Court
b) Punishment
c) Lawyer
d) Judgement
Answer:
d) Judgement

Connecting to Self

Try to know whether your hobby makes things easy.

Answer:

Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist Summary in English

Tim Carbett, hunter, writer and naturalist hunted the man-eaters on the request of the government. A Bengal tiger that caused 43 6 deaths was shot by Jim, at the request of the British government, in the Kumaon district. Jim was not for game hunting. He was for the conservation of forests and the protection of wildlife. India’s first national port at Uttharakand was named after Jim Corbett after his death.

Jim Corbett, A Hunter Turned Naturalist Summary in Tamil

ஜிம் கார்பெட், வேட்டையாளர், எழுத்தாளர், இயற்கை ஆர்வலர் ஆவார். அரசு வேண்டுகோள் விடுத்தால், மனிதர்களை கொல்லும் விலங்குகளை அவர் கொல்வார். வங்காள புலி 436 இறப்புகளுக்கு காரணமாய் இருந்தது. ஆங்கில அரசு வேண்டுகோளின்படி ஜிம் கூமான் மாவட்டத்தில் அப்புலியை வேட்டையாடினார். காடுகளை பாதுகாக்க வேண்டும். விலங்குகளை பாதுகாக்க வேண்டும் என்பது அவரது விருப்பம். உத்தரகான்ட் மாநிலத்தில் உள்ள தேசிய பூங்கா ஜிம் கார்பெட் இறப்புக்குப் பின் அவர் பெயர் சூட்டப்பட்டு உள்ளது.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Guide Pdf Prose Chapter 1 The Nose-Jewel Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Prose Chapter 1 The Nose-Jewel

8th English GuideThe Nose-Jewel Text Book Back Questions and Answers

WARM UP (Text Book Page No. 1)

What are the life lessons that you can learn form the birds? Match the birds with the characters given in the box and fill in the blanks.

Read and Understand (Text Book Page No. 6)

A) Choose the correct synonyms for the italicized words.

1. Nice fun indeed.
a) infact
b) doubtedly
c) fine
Answer:
a) infact

2. The poor woman is in a panic.
a) fear
b) grid
c) crash
Answer:
a) fear

3. The mother consoled her little girl.
a) pretended
b) comforted
c) left
Answer:
b) comforted

4. You are always self-centered.
a) egoistic
b) generous
c) heroic
Answer:
a) egoistic

5. What is the secret you are whispering?
a) rumour
b) murmur
c) louder
Answer:
b) murmur

B) Find the antonym for the following words.

1. Delight x sorrow
2. Disgrace x honour
3. Careless x careful
4. Secret x open
5. Confine x free

C) Fill in the blanks.

1. The sparrows built their nest in the __________
Answer:
roof

2. The diamond jewel was lying in the ___________
Answer:
muck heap

3. The diamond jewel belonged to ____________
Answer:
Meenakshi Ammal

4. ___________ was the servant maid of Meenakshi Ammal.
Answer:
Kuppayi

5. Ramayya and his wife lived with the fear of __________
Answer:
getting caught

D) Say the following statements are True or False:

1. Two sparrows built a nest on a treetop.
Answer:
False

2. Kuppayi swept out the diamond jewel.
Answer:
True

3. Ramayya gave the diamond jewel to the magistrate.
Answer:
False

4. Ramayya’s wife put the stud away in her box.
Answer:
True

5. The Police searched Ramayya’s home.
Answer:
False

E) Answer the following questions: (Text Book Page No. 7)

1. Where did the sparrows build the nest?
Answer:
The sparrows built the nest in a nice spot on the roof of Ramayya’s house.

2. Why did the bird drop the diamond stud?
Answer:
The female sparrow did not want the diamond stud. So the male sparrow dropped the diamond stud on the floor and went out.

3. What were the words of Meenakshi Ammal to her daughter?
Answer:
Meenakshi Ammal told her daughter not to tell her father about the lost diamond nose-stud.

4. Who was suspected of stealing the diamond nose stud?
Answer:
Kuppayi, the servant’s, maid was suspected of stealing the diamond nose stud.

5. What did Ramayya’s wife do with the stud?
Answer:
Ramayya’s wife put the stud away in her box.

6. What happened to Ramayya’s wife at the end?
Answer:
Ramayya’s wife fell sick with a fever. She became bedridden. Her rest of the life was spent in fear of being caught by the police.

F) Answer the following in about 100 words.

1. Why did the sparrow throw the nose jewel into Ramayya’s house?
Answer:
One day, the male sparrow found a diamond nose-jewel in a heap. He picked it up and came to the nest with the shining stud in his beak and informed his wife about it. The female bird shouted at him and told him that the diamond jewel was not of any use to her. She asked the male sparrow to search for food for their young ones. So the bird dropped the diamond stud on the floor and went out in search of little worms for the young ones.

2. Explain how Ramayya’s wife reacted when she saw the nose jewel?
Answer:
When Ramayya’s wife noticed the jewel as she was sweeping the floor, She picked it up with delight and wore it. Ramayya questioned her angrily how she got hold of the diamond stud. She replied that she found the jewel lying on the floor and she took it. That was all. Ramayya wanted to deliver the jewel to the village magistrate. If the police searched their house, it would be a disgrace. Police searched the house of Kuppayi, the servant-maid but they could find nothing in her hut. Wife of Ramayya got scared. She soon developed a severe fever and was confined to her bed. Ramayya and his wife spent the rest of their lives in fear of being caught.

Vocabulary (Text Book Page No.7)

a. Pick out the correct homophone.

1. I am not …………….. to drink soda, (aloud, allowed)
Answer:
allowed

2. The wind …………….. the leaves, (blue, blew)
Answer:
blow

3. I will …………….. my friend, (meat, meet)
Answer:
meet

4. He will play the in the second play, (role, roll)
Answer:
role

5. I have …………….. movie before, (scene, seen)
Answer:
seen

b. Choose the correct homophone. (Text Book Page No. 8)

1. Every morning my father likes to look at the …………….. on the grass.
a) due
b) dew
Answer:
a) dew

2. Chennai is the …………….. of Tamilnadu.
a) capitol
b) capital
Answer:
a) capital

3. I was very …………….. last weekend because my friends made plans that did
a) bored
b) board
Answer:
a) bored

4. The cat caught the …………….. of a mouse.
a) scent
b) cent
Answer:
a) scent

5. The …………….. rises in the east.
a) son
b) sun
Answer:
b) sun

Expand the following: (Text Book Page No. 9)

ECG	Electro Cardio Gram
ILO	International Labor Organisation
SCERT	State Council of Education Research and Training
IIT	Indian Space Research Organisation
ISRO	Indian Space Research Organisation
FIR	First Information Report
UNESCO	United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation
UNICEF	United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
AIDS	Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
ADHD	Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Syndrome
UFO	Unidentified Flying Object
FAQ	Frequently asked Question

 Listening (Text Book Page No. 10)

C) Listen to the passage carefully and choose the right answer:
Note: The listening passage is given at page no. 226

1. Why do birds sing?
a) To locate one another
b) To warn other birds
c) To find a mate
d) All of the above
Answer:
d) All of the above

2. Birds perch very high so that …………….
a) other birds can hear them
b) other birds can see them
c) they can hide there
d) Both A and B are correct
Answer:
d) Both A and B are correct

3. The health of a bird can be determined …………
a) by the length of its song
b) by the complexity of its song
c) by the volume of its song
d) Both A and B are correct.
Answer:
d) Both A and B are correct

4. Young birds perfect their songs by ………….
a) territorial songs
b) mating songs
c) warnings
d) None of the above
Answer:
c) warnings

5. Young birds perfect their songs by ………………
a) natural instinct
b) listening and interaction
c) practice
d) Both B and C are correct
Answer:
b) listening and interaction

6. Fitness is ………………
a) health
b) danger
c) a song
d) a warning
Answer:
a) health

7. How do variations in the basic song help the birds?
a) recognize other members
b) Maintain health
c) increase the length of their song
d) Communicate with one another
Answer:
a) recognize other members

Note: The Listening passage is given on page no. 226.

Writing (Text Book Page No. 14)

Using the given letter as a model, write a complaining letter on any one of the topics given below: (Text Book Page No. 15)

a) To the Police commissioner about the noise caused by the loudspeaker in a music shop near your school.

Date: XXXX From M. Kanishk, S/ o. Manoj, Nehru Nagar, Salem – 5. To The Commissioner of Police, Commissioner Office, Salem – 5. Respected Sir, I am writing to notify you that I am studying standard 10th at Govt. Boys Higher Secondary School, Salem. Our school consists of 2,000 students. There is a music shop near to our school. They play the songs at the top of the voice during the class hours. It really disturbs and distracts our concentration away from studies: We have given many complaints to the authority, but no severe action has been taken by them till now. I kindly request you to take action on them immediately for the betterment of all the students. Yours faithfully, M. Kanishk

b) To the Postmaster General on non-receipt of book parcel.

From M. Vinith, 13, Nehru Road, Rajendrapuram, Trichy-621 019. To The Postmaster General, Head Post Office, Trichy-621 001. Respected Sir, This is to inform you that I have sent a registered parcel to my niece Mr. R. Pravin at 132, Netha Colony, Faripur, Andhrapradesh, on 16th January 2020. My receipt no. is 3001. But the parcel has not been received by my niece so far. Ten days have passed ever since 1 sent the parcel. 1 kindly request you to look into the matter and inform us about the condition of my parcel as soon as possible. Yours faithfully, M. Vinith

c) To the Transport Manager, TNSTC on non-stopping of buses near your school bus stop.

From P. Arun Kumar, S/o. Palanichamy, No. 6, Ukarthey Nagar, Kodaikanal, Dindigul. To The Transport Manager, TNSTC office, Kodaikanal, Dindigul. Respected Sir, I am writing to inform you that, I am studying a higher secondary first year at St.Xavier School, Kodaikanal. Our school provides education for 1500 students. Most of the students come to school from nearby towns and villages. As the buses do not stop at our school bus stop the students suffer severely every day. It causes them to come to class very late daily. We have given complaints to the transport office much time, but they failed to act on our complaint. I hope that you will do the needful for the goodness of the students and their education. Yours faithfully, P. Arunkumar

Using the given informal letter as a model, write a letter on any one of the topics given below. (Text Book Page No. 16)

a) Write letter to your father asking permission to go on an educational tour.

10, Babu Sankar Hostel, New Colony, Madurai – 8 Dear Father, My class teacher has planned to go on an education tour to Tuticorin. There we will be learning details on fish culture. Everyone should attend. The fees to be paid to Rs. 500 only, it will be of two days trip. I need your permission to go on the tour. Kindly grant me permission. Send me the money too. I will let you know the other details later. With love and regards. Your loving daughter K. Kamala Address on the Envelope: To Mr. Kathiravan, 7, Kottam Patti Main Road, Kottam Patti, Madurai District.

b) Write letter to you friend about your summer holidays.

10, Teachers Colony Madurai – 10 10.1.XXXX Dear Sankar, I am fine. I hope and pray that you are enjoying the pink of your health. For the summer holidays, I had been to Trivandram. I visited the zoo, aquarium, Seashores, Kovalam beach, Sangu Mugam beach, etc. It was cool there. I really enjoyed my holidays. For the next summer vacation, I have planned to visit Ooty. With love and regards. Your loving friend K. Bala Address on the Envelope: To K. Sankar, 10, Haily road, Barath Nagar Salem.

c) Write a letter to your sister advising her to take part in cultural programs in school’s annual day celebration.

8, St. Marys’ hostel, Holy Cross College Nagercoil, 10.01.XXXX My Dear Jovina, I was happy to know that you have a cultural program in your school annual day celebration which will be held on 30.3.XXXX at your school. You can participate in singing, dancing, drama, recitation of poems, and rangoli decorations. It will be fun. Apart from fun, it will be a chance for you to develop your talents. Your confidence will get boost up when you are appreciated for your talent. So kindly put forth maximum participation in the cultural program. With regards. Your loving sister, R. Kamala Address on the Envelope: To M. Jovina, 1, Babu new road, Theni main road, Kambam.

The Nose-Jewel Grammar (Text Book Page No. 17)

a. Pick out the words from the list and put them appropriately on the table. (Text Book Page No. 18)

David, Madurai, parrot, happiness, book, thought, green, tiger, Trichy, computer, Narayanan, fan, sister, Kalam, woman, pencil, Bharathi, problem, brother, Mumbai, swan, elephant, Vijay, solution, success, school, convent.

b. Read the following paragraph and pick out the different types of nouns and put them in the table.

Hobby is an activity we enjoy doing in our free time. It keeps us busy in our leisure time. People choose their hobby on the basis of their interests and personality. Do you know what Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s hobby was?

c. Fill in the blanks with a suitable collective noun.
choir, shower, bowl, flock, cup, pair, swarm, bunch, herd, bottle

1. a …………. of cows.
Answer:
herd
2. a …………. of birds.
Answer:
fleet

3. a …………. of singers.
Answer:
choir

4. a …………. of milk.
Answer:
bottle

5. a …………. of tea.
Answer:
cup

6. a …………. of ants.
Answer:
swarm

7. a …………. of grapes.
Answer:
bunch

8. a …………. of rice.
Answer:
bowl

9. a …………. of shoes.
Answer:
pair

10. a …………. of rain.
Answer:
shower

Pronoun

a. Change the underlined words with a correct pronoun: (Text Book Page No. 20)
(they, he, him, it, she )
1. I saw Mr. Balu this morning and gave Mr. Balu my homework.
Answer:
him

2. Muthu likes computer games but he doesn’t play computer games very often.
Answer:
it

3. My aunt lives in Trichy but, my aunt often comes to visit my family.
Answer:
she

4. Neil Armstrong was born in 1930. Neil Armstrong landed on the moon in 1969.
Answer:
He

b. Change the possessive adjective into possessive pronoun:

1. This is my pen.
Answer:
This pen is mine

2. She missed her purse.
Answer:
The missed purse is hers

3. Her speech is nice.
Answer:
Nice speech is hers

4. My book is new.
Answer:
The new book is mine

5. My bike is costly.
Answer:
The costly bike is mine

C) VERB
The verb is a word used to express an action or state.
Transitive verbs
Transitive verbs are verbs that express
action with an object.
The object of a transitive verb can be a
noun, pronoun, or a noun clause or phrase.
Examples:
I threw the ball. (Noun as object)
We beat them. (Pronoun as object)
I think that you are correct. (Noun clause as object)

Intransitive verbs
Intransitive verbs are verbs that
express action without an object.
Examples:
I ran.
I ran swiftly.
I ran in the race

List out the transitive and intransitive verbs in the following words. (Text Book Page No. 21)

come – intransitive
buy – transitive
teach – transitive
learn – transitive
arrive – intransitive
sing – transitive
run – intransitive
draw – transitive
jump – intransitive
write – transitive

The Nose-Jewel Summary in English

Ramayya, a simple man, lived with his greedy wife. In his house, there was a sparrow nest. The male sparrow in the nest picked up a nose-jewel and dropped it on the floor. The wife of Ramayya noticed the jewel and took it. Meenakshi Ammal, the owner of the nose-jewel, gave a police complaint. She suspected Kupayi, the maid. The police came and searched for her hut. The wife of Ramayya fell sick. Ramayya and his wife lived in fear for ever.

The Nose-Jewel Summary in Tamil

ராமையா என்ற எளிய மனிதன், தன் பேராசைப் பிடித்த மனைவியுடன் வாழ்ந்து வந்தான். அவன் வீட்டில் ஒரு குருவி கூடு இருந்தது. அதில் உள்ள ஆண் குருவி, குப்பையில் கிடந்த மூக்குத்தியை தூக்கி வந்தது. பின் தரையில் எறிந்து விட்டது. ராமையாவின் மனைவி தரையில் கிடந்த மூக்குத்தியை கவனித்து எடுத்து வைத்துக் கொண்டாள். மூக்குத்திக்கு சொந்தக்காரியான மீனாட்சி அம்மாள் தன் வேலைக்காரி குப்பாயியை சந்தேகப்பட்டு போலிசிடம் புகார் அளித்தார். காவல்துறை அவள் குடிசையை சோதனையிட்டது. ராமையா மனைவி சுகவீனமாய் படுத்துவிட்டாள். அதன்பிறகு ராமையாவும் அவரின் மனைவியும் எப்பொழுதும் பயத்திலேயே வாழ்ந்து வந்தனர்.

The Nose-Jewel About the Author in English

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) informally called Rajaji, was an Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer, historian, and statesman. Rajagopalachari was born in the village of Thorapalli in the Krishnagiri district. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India, as India soon became a Republic in 1950. Furthermore, he was the first Indian-born Governor-General, since before him the posts were held by British nationals. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union, and Chief Minister of Madras state. He was one of the first recipients of India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.

The Nose-Jewel About the Author in Tamil

சக்கரவர்த்தி ராஜகோபாலச்சாரி சுருக்கமாய் ராஜாஜி என்பார் இந்திய அரசியல்வாதி, சுதந்திர போராட்ட வீரர், வக்கீல், எழுத்தாளர், வரலாற்று ஆசிரியர், – ஆட்சிப்பணியில் இருந்தவர் ஆவார். கிருஷ்ணகிரி மாவட்டத்தில் உள்ள தொரப்பள்ளி என்ற கிராமத்தில் 1878இல் பிறந்தார். இந்தியாவின் கடைசி கவர்னர் ஜெனரல் ஆவார். 1950இல் இந்தியா குடியரசு நாடு ஆகிவிட்டது. இவருக்கு முன்னால் ஆங்கிலேயர்களே இந்த பதவியை வகித்து வந்தனர். இவரே முதல் இந்திய கவர்னர் ஜெனரல் ஆவார். சென்னை மாகாணத்தின் இந்திய தேசிய காங்கிரஸ் தலைவராக இருந்தார். மேற்கு வங்கத்தின் கவர்னர் ஆகவும், உள்துறை அமைச்சராகவும், தமிழ்நாட்டின் முதல் மந்திரியாகவும் இருந்தார். இவருக்கு இந்தியாவின் மிக உயரிய விருதான பாரத ரத்னா விருது அளிக்கப்பட்டது.