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Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf Civics Term 3 Chapter 1 Women Empowerment Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions Civics Term 3 Chapter 1 Women Empowerment

7th Social Science Guide Women Empowerment Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of gender inequality?
a) Poor maternal health
b) Greater insecurity for men
c) The spread of HIV/AIDS
d) Lower literacy rates for women
Answer:
c) The spread of HIV/AIDS

Question 2.
Gender equality is an issue that is relevant to
a) Girls and women; it’s a women’s issue
b) All societies, women and men alike
c) Third world countries only
d) Developed Countries only
Answer:
b) All societies, women and men alike

Question 3.
Which of the following strategies will help women become more socially and economically empowered?
a) Women working together to challenge discrimination
b) More income sources for women
c) Improved access to education
d) All of the above
Answer:
d) All of the above

Question 4.
Why are girls more likely than boys to miss out on secondary education in the developing world?
a) Because of high school fees, only boys are sent to school
b) Girls are expected to help out at home
c) Child Marriage restricts girls mobility and freedom
d) All of the above
Answer:
d) All of the above

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Jyotirao Phule is remembered as the champion of women’s education in India. He, along with his wife ………….., opened the first school for girls in 1848.
Answer:
Savitribai Phule

2. ………………… is the First Woman to hold a Union Foreign Minister’s post.
Answer:
Sushma Swaraj

3. ………………… is the first Woman Director General of Police (DGP).
Answer:
Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya

4. …….. is the first Indian Woman to win Booker.
Answer:
Arundhati Roy

III. Match the following:

A	B
1. Sirimavo Bandaranaike	a) England
2. Valentina Tereshkova	b) Japan
3. Junko Tabei	c) Sri Lanka
4. Charlotte Cooper	d) USSR

Answer:

A	B
1. Sirimavo Bandaranaike	c) Sri Lanka
2. Valentina Tereshkova	d) USSR
3. Junko Tabei	b) Japan
4. Charlotte Cooper	a) England

IV. Consider the following statements:

Question 1.
Tick the appropriate answer:
Assertion (A): Now women are being integrated at all steps of humanitarian operations.
Reason (R): Women and girls suffer the most from any kind of conflict in society.
a) Both A and R, are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b)Both A and R, are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) If A is true but R is false
d)If A is false but R is true
Answer:
a) Both A and R, are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2.
Assertion: Violence against women cuts across caste, class, religion, age, and even education.
Reason: Domestic violence is manifested in the form of foeticide, infanticide, dowry murder, marital cruelty, battering, child abuse, etc.
a) Both A and R, are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R, are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) If A is true but R is false
d) If A is false but R is true
Answer:
b) Both A and R, are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

V. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Discuss various roles played by women in Society.
Answer:
The women have the ability to face any kind of challenges in society.
The roles of women are:

• Daughter,
• Student,
• Life partner,
• Mother,
• Good employee,
• Grandmother.

Question 2.
What is gender equality?
Answer:
Gender equality is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making; and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations, and needs equally, regardless of gender.

Question 3.
Explain the woman’s rights.
Answer:

• Women’s rights are the fundamental human rights that were enshrined by the United Nations for every human being on the planet nearly 70 years ago.
• These rights include the right to live free from violence, slavery, and discrimination; to be educated; to own property; to vote; to earn a fair and equal wage.

Question 4.
List out the essential factors of woman empowerment.
Answer:
The essential factors for empowerment are:
1. Education:
Education gives one the ability to think wisely and make thoughtful decisions.

2. Gender Discrimination:
A Society which discriminates between the two genders can never be empowered.

3. Discrimination based on caste, creed, religion, etc.

Question 5.
Write an essay on the importance of a woman’s education.
Answer:
1. Increased Literacy:
Of the illiterate youth across the globe, nearly 63 percent are female. Offering all children education will prop up literacy rates, pushing forward development in struggling regions.

2. Human Trafficking:
Women are most vulnerable to trafficking when they are undereducated and poor, according to the United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking.

3. Political Representation:
Across the globe, women are underrepresented as voters and restricted from political involvement.

4. Thriving Babies:
According to the United Nations Girls.’ Education Initiative, children of educated mothers are twice as likely to survive past the age of five.

5. Later Marriage:
As suggested by the United Nations Population Fund, in underdeveloped countries, one in every three girls is married before reaching the age of 18.

6. Income Potential:
Education also, increases a woman’s earning capabilities.

7. Prospering GDP:

• Gross Domestic Product also rises when both girls and boys are being offered educational opportunities.
• When 10 percent more women attend school, GDP increases by three percent on average.

8. Poverty Reduction:
When women are provided with equal rights and equal access to education, they go on to participate in economic activity.

7th Social Science Guide Women Empowerment Additional Important Questions and Answers

I.Choose the Correct answer:

Question 1.
…………….gives one the ability to think wisely and make thoughtful decisions.
a) Education
b) Gender
c) Discrimination
d) none
Answer:
a) Education

Question 2.
More than …………… years ago, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights asserted that
everyone has the “right to education”.
a) 60
b) 40
c) 20
d) 45
Answer:
b) 40

Question 3.
Of the illiterate youth across the globe, nearly ……………… percent are female.
a) 53
b) 63
c) 60
d) 66
Answer:
b)63

Question 4.
As suggested by the United Nations Population Fund, in underdeveloped countries, one
in every three girls is married before reaching the age of …………..
a) 18
b) 28
c) 16
d) 28
Answer:
a) 18

Question 5.
……………..was the first female teacher in the first girl’s school.
a) Savitribai Phule
b) Jyotirao Phule
c) Meira Kumar
d) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
Answer:
a) Savitribai Phule

Question 6.
Jyotirao Phule along with his wife Savitribai Phule opened the first school for girls in …………….
a) 1848
b) 1826
c) 1866
d) 1836
Answer:
a) 1848

Question 7.
Maharshi Karve starts First Women’s University, ie, SNDT University in Pune with five students in the year ……………….
a) 1966
b) 1926
c) 1916
d) 1936
Answer:
c) 1916

Question 8.
The First Women Prime Minister of India was …………..
a) Indira Gandhi
b) Jyotirao Phule
c) Meira Kumar
d) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
Answer:
a) Indira Gandhi

Question 9.
The First Women President of UN General Assembly was ……………..
a) Savitribai Phule
b) Jyotirao Phule
c) Meira Kumar
d) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
Answer:
d) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

Question 10.
The First woman Finance Minister of India was …………………………
a) Sushma Swaraj
b) Nirmala Sitharaman
c) Prathpa Patel
d) Indira Gandhi
Answer:
b) Nirmala Sitharaman

II Fill in the blanks:

1. You educate a woman; you educate a ……………..
Answer:
generation

2. ………..is the biological trait that societies use to assign people into the category of either male or female.
Answer:
Sex

3. …………..is the biological trait.
Answer:
Sex

4. Women are most vulnerable to trafficking when they are undereducated and poor, according to the United Nations Inter-Agency Project on ……………….
Answer:
Human Trafficking

5. ……………… are underrepresented as voters.
Answer:
Women

6. UNESCO stands for United Nations ……………… Scientific and Cultural Organisation.
Answer:
Educational

7. Jyotirao Phule along with his wife ……………., opened the first school for girls in 1848.
Answer:
Savitribai Phule

8. ………………..from England is the first women to win the Olympic gold.
Answer:
Charlotte Cooper

9. The First Indian Women to win the Booker Prize is ……………. in 1997.
Answer:
Arundhati Roy

10. The First Women Speaker of LokSabha is ……………. in 2009.
Answer:
Meira Kumar

III. Match the following:

A	B
1. Gender	a) Sucheta Kripalani
2. First women in Space	b) 1848
3. First women Governor	c) never be empowered
4. First women School	d) Pune
5. First women university	e) Valentina Tereshkova

Answer:

A	B
1. Gender	c) never be empowered
2. First women in Space	e) Valentina Tereshkova
3. First women Governor	a) Sucheta Kripalani
4. First women School	b) 1848
5. First women university	d) Pune

IV. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is Sociology?
Answer:
The sociology of gender examines how society influences our understandings and perception of differences between masculinity and femininity.

Question 2.
Write a short note on Savitribai Phule.
Answer:

• Savitribai Phule as a tradition breaker, the first female teacher at the first girls’ school.
• Her Husband, Jyotirao Phule is remembered as the champion of women’s education in India.
• Jyotirao Phule along with his wife Savitribai Phule opened the first school for girls in 1848

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf Economics Term 3 Chapter 1 Tax and its Importance Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions Economics Term 3 Chapter 1 Tax and its Importance

7th Social Science Guide Tax and its Importance Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Taxes are ………………. payment.
a) Voluntary
b) Compulsory
c) a&b
d) None of the above
Answer:
b) Compulsory

Question 2.
Minimum possible amount should be spent in the collection of taxes is
a) canon of equality
b) canon of certainity
c) canon of economy
d) canon of convenience
Answer: a) canon of equality

Question 3.
This taxation is a very opposite of progressive taxation.
a) degressive
b) proportional
c) regressive
d) none
Answer:
c) regressive

Question 4.
Income tax is a
a) direct tax
b) indirect tax
c) a & b
d) degressive tax
Answer:
a) direct tax

Question 5.
Which tax is raised on provision of service.
a) wealth
b) corporate
c) wealth
d) service
Answer:
b) Compulsory

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ………………. is a term for when a taxing authority usually a government levies or imposes a tax.
Answer:
Taxation

2. ………………. is the method, where the rate of tax is the same regardless size of the income.
Answer:
Proportional Taxation

3. ………………. is paid to the Government by the recipient of the gift depending on the value of the gift.
Answer:
Gift Tax

4. ………………. burden cannot be shifted by taxpayers.
Answer:
Indirect tax

5. Indirect tax is elastic.
Answer:
more

III. Match the following:

A	B
1. Principle of taxation	a) Direct Tax
2. Estate tax	b) Goods and Service Tax
3. Excise Tax	c) Adam Smith
4. 01.07.2017	d) Less elastic
5. Direct Tax	e) Indirect Tax

Answer:

A	B
1. Principle of taxation	a) Direct Tax
2. Estate tax	b) Goods and Service Tax
3. Excise Tax	c) Adam Smith
4. 01.07.2017	d) Less elastic
5. Direct Tax	e) Indirect Tax

IV. Odd one out:

Question 1.
Which one of the following is not an indirect tax?
a) Service tax
b) Value Added Tax(VAT)
c) Estate duty
d) Excise duty
Answer:
c) Estate duty

V. Correct one out:

Question 1.
Which one of the following tax is a direct tax?
a) Service tax
b) Wealth tax
c) Sales tax
d) Progressive tax
Answer:
d) Progressive tax

VI. Give a short answer:

Question 1.
Define tax.
Answer:
Taxes are compulsory payments to the government without expectations of direct or return or benefit to the taxpayers.

Question 2.
Why taxes are imposed?
Answer:

• For the welfare of society, the government has to perform various functions so it requires revenue.
• The main source of revenue is tax.

Question 3.
Write the name of taxation types and draw its diagram.
Answer:
There are three types of Taxation:

1. Proportional Tax
2. Progressive Tax
3. Regressive Tax.

Question 4.
Write any three importance of tax.
Answer:

1. Health
2. Education
3. Governance.

Question 5.
What are the types of tax? and explain it.
Answer:
Taxes are classified into two types. They are:
1. Direct Tax:

• A Direct tax is paid directly by an individual or organisation to imposing an entity
• Eg: Income tax, Wealth Tax, etc.

2. Indirect Tax:

• Indirect Tax is a tax whose burden can be shifted to others.
• Eg: Service tax, Value added tax, etc.

Question 6.
Write a short note on Gift Tax and Service Tax.
Answer:
Gift Tax:
It is paid to the Government by the recipient of the gift depending on the value of the gift.

Service Tax:

• It is raised on the provision of Service.
• This tax is collected from the service recipients and paid to the Central Government.

Question 7.
What is Goods and Service Tax?
Answer:

• Goods and Services Tax is a kind of tax imposed on the sale, manufacturing, and usage of goods and services.
• This is applied to achieve overall economic growth.
• GST is particularly designed to replace indirect taxes.

Question 8.
Write a distinction between direct and indirect tax.
Answer:
Direct Tax:

1. Burden cannot be shifted by taxpayers.
2. Tax is imposed on personal income and corporate income.
3. Direct tax has no inflation pressure.
4. The impact and incidence are the same in case of direct tax.
5. Direct tax is less elastic.

Indirect Tax:

1. Easily be shifted to another person.
2. Taxes imposed on various goods and services.
3. This tax has inflation pressure.
4. The impact and incidence are different in the case of indirect tax.
5. Indirect tax is more elastic.

VII. Give a brief answer:

Question 1.
Write answer briefly the principles of taxation.
Answer:
Adam Smith’s principles or camions of taxation still form the basis of the tax structure of a modem state.
Adam Smith’s four Canons of Taxation:

1. Canon of Equality
2. Canon of Certainty
3. Canon of Convenience
4. Canon of Economy.

1. Canon of Equality:

• The government should impose taxes in such a way that people have to pay according to their ability.
• It does not mean an equal amount of tax but it means that the burden of a tax must be fair and just.

2. Canon of Certainty:
Certainty creates confidence in the taxpayer’s cost of collection of taxes and increases economic welfare because it tends to avoid all economic waste.

3. Canon of Convenience:

• Taxes should be levied and collected in such a manner that it provides maximum convenience to the taxpayers.
• It should always be kept in view that the taxpayers suffer the least inconvenience in payment of the tax.

4. Canon of Economy:

• Minimum possible money should be spent in the collection of taxes.
• The collected amount should be deposited in the Government treasury.

Question 2.
Explain the taxation types.
Answer:
There are three types of Taxation:

1. Proportional Tax
2. Progressive Tax
3. Regressive Tax

Proportional Taxation:

• The rate of tax is the same regardless of the size of the income.
• The tax amount realized will vary in the same proportion as that of income.

Progressive Taxation:
The rate of tax will also increase with the increase of income of the person.

Regressive tax;

• A regressive tax is a tax applied uniformly, taking a larger percentage of income from low-income earners than from high-income earners.
• It is in opposition to a progressive tax.

Question 3.
Explain the importance of tax.
Answer:
Importance of Tax: Taxes are crucial because governments collect this money and use it to finance the following social projects.
Health:

1. Without taxes, government contributions to the health sector would be impossible.
2. Taxes go to funding health services such as social healthcare, medical research, social security, etc.

Education:

1. Education could be one of the most deserving recipients of tax money.
2. Governments put a lot of importance in the development of human capital and education is central in this development.

Governance:

1. Governance is a crucial component in the smooth running of country affairs.
2. Poor governance would have far-reaching ramifications on the entire country with a heavy toll on its economic growth.
3. Good governance ensures that the money collected is utilized in a manner that benefits citizens of the country.

Other important sectors are infrastructure development, transport, housing, etc.

1. Apart from social projects, governments also use money collected from taxes to fund sectors that are crucial for the wellbeing of their citizens such as security, scientific research, environmental protection, etc.
2. Some of the money is also channeled to fund projects such as pensions, unemployment benefits, childcare, etc,

Question 4.
Explain the direct and indirect tax with examples.
Answer:
Taxes are classified into two types. They are:

1. Direct Tax:

• A Direct tax is paid directly by an individual or organisation to an imposing entity.
• Eg: Incometax, WealthTax,etc.

2. Indirect Tax:

• IndirectTaxisataxwhoseburdencanbeshiftedtoothers. LSIOTT
• Eg: Servicetax,Valueaddedtax,etc.

Direct Tax:

Gift Tax:
It is paid to the Government by the recipient of the gift depending on the value of the gift.

Estate Duty:

• It is charged from success or of inherited property.
• It is not desirable to avoid payment of taxes

WealthTax:
It is imposed on the property of individuals depending upon the value of the property.

Indirect Tax :

Service Tax:

• It is raised on the provision of Service.
• This tax is collected from the service recipients and paid to the Central Government.

Sales TaxorVAT:
It is an indirect tax on the sale of goods because the liability to collect tax is that of the shopkeeper but the burden of that tax falls on the customer.

Goods and Services Tax(GST):

• Goods and Services Tax is a kind of tax imposed on the sale, manufacturing, and usage of goods and services.
• This is applied to achieve overall economic growth.
• GST is particularly designed to replace indirect taxes.

Question 5.
Why the need for a tax on people’s welfare? And explain it.
Answer:

• The levying of taxes aims to raise revenue to fund governing or to alter prices in order
  to affect demand.
• Some of these include expenditures on economic infrastructure like transportation, sanitation, public safety, education, health-care systems, etc., military, scientific research, culture, and the arts, public works, public insurance, etc., and the operation of government itself.
• When expenditures exceed tax revenue, a government accumulates debt. A portion of taxes may be used to service past debts.
• Governments also use taxes to fund welfare and public services. These services can include education systems, pensions for the elderly, unemployment benefits, and public transportation.
• Energy, water, and waste management systems are also common public utilities.
• The purpose of taxation is to maintain the stability of the currency, express public policy regarding the distribution of wealth, subsidizing certain industries or population groups, or isolating the costs of certain benefits, such as highways or social security.

7th Social Science Guide Tax and its Importance Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer:

Question 1.
According to Prof. Seligman, taxes are defined as a compulsory contribution from a person to the government to defray the expenses incurred in the common interest of ail without reference to special benefits conferred.
a) Chamberlin
b) Seligman
c) Adam smith
d) Marshal
Answer:
b) Seligman

Question 2.
A regressive tax is a tax applied uniformly, taking a larger percentage of income from low-income earners than from high-income earners.
a) Progressive tax
b) Regressive tax
c) Proportional tax
d) Health
Answer:
b) Regressive tax

Question 3.
Without taxes, governments would be unable to meet the demands of their societies.
a) societies
b) Revenue
c) Economic
d) Expenditure types
Answer:
a) societies

Question 4.
Wealth tax is imposed on the property of individuals depending upon the value of the property.
a) Company
b) Gift
c) Wealth tax
d) Direct tax
Answer:
c) Wealth tax

Question 5.
The gift tax is paid to the Government by the recipient of the gift depending on the value of the gift.
a) Gift tax
b) Indirect tax
c) Direct tax
d) Service
Answer:
a) Gift tax

Question 6.
Goods and service tax is applied on services and goods at a national level with the purpose of achieving overall economic growth.
a) State
b) National
c) Rounding off
d) Town
Answer:
b) National

Question 7.
Excise tax in India is levied by the Central Government.
a) Service tax
b) VAT
c) Excise tax
d) direct tax
Answer:
b) VAT

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. …………………..is the government should impose taxes in such a way that people have to pay according to
their ability.
Answer:
Canon of Equality

2. …………………. is the taxes should be levied and collected in such a manner that it provides a maximum of convenience to the taxpayers.
Answer:
Canon of Convenience

3. …………………. is the minimum possible money should be spent in the collection of taxes.
Answer:
Canon of Economy

4. …………………. could be one of the most deserving recipients of tax money.
Answer:
Education

5. A …………….is paid directly by an individual or organisation to imposing entity.
Answer:
Direct tax

6. The central Board of Revenue act implemented in the year.
Answer:
1963

7. The tax is levied on the profit of corporations and companies is
Answer:
Corporation Tax

8. ………………… is a liability to collect tax is that of shopkeeper but the burden of that tax falls on the customer.
Answer:
VAT

9. ………………… is a kind of tax imposed on the sale, manufacturing, and usage of goods and services.
Answer:
Goods and Services Tax

10. A government’s ability to raise taxes is called its ………………….
Answer:
fiscal capacity

III. Match the following

A	B
1. Adam smith	a) Payment using aadhar
2. Progressive tax	b) 1963
3. Digital India	c) 2005
4. Central Board of Revenue Act	d) Canon of Taxation
5. VAT	e) increase the income

Answer:

A	B
1. Adam smith	d) Canon of Taxation
2. Progressive tax	e) increase the income
3. Digital India	a) Payment using aadhar
4. Central Board of Revenue Act	b) 1963
5. VAT	c) 2005

IV. Odd one out:

Question 1.
a) Service Tax – Swachh Bharat cess
b) Road Development – Toll-Tax Road Tax
c) Indirect Tax – More elastic.
Answer:
a) Service Tax – Swachh Bharat cess

V. Give a short answer:

Question 1.
What was the Kalidas said about taxes?
Answer:
“It was only for the good of his subjects that he collected taxes from them, just as the Sun draws moisture from the Earth to give it back a thousandfold”.

Question 2.
What are Adam Smith’s four Canons of Taxation?
Answer:

• Canon of Equality
• Canon of Certainty
• Canon of Convenience
• Canon of Economy.

Question 3.
Mention some of the Wealth Taxes.
Answer:

• Home
• Motor Car
• Jewellery
• Cash
• Urban Land
• Yachats, Boats, Aircraft.

V. Detail

Question 1.
Explain the following
a) Toll Tax and & Road Tax
b) Swachh Bharat Cess
Answer:
a) Toll Tax and & Road Tax:
Toll tax is a tax you often pay to use any form of infrastructure developed by the government, for example, roads and bridges. The tax amount levied is rather negligible which is used for maintenance and basic upkeep of a particular project.

b) Swahh Bharat Cess:
This is a cess imposed by the government of India and was started on 15 November 2015. This tax is applicable on all taxable services arid the cess currently stands at 0.5%. Swachh Bharat cess is levied over and above the 14% service tax that is prevalent in the present times.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Supplementary Chapter 2 The New Start Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Solutions Term 3 Supplementary Chapter 2 The New Start

5th English Guide The New Start Text Book Back Questions and Answers

In-Text Question:

Question 1.
Which quality makes ‘world is one and human is one’?
Answer:
We have to realize that we are all one. This quality makes ‘world is one and human is one’.

A. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Tenzin is from ______.
Answer:
Tibet

Question 2.
Tenzin’s family first lived in ______.
Answer:
Himachal Pradesh

Question 3.
If we didn’t have boundaries, we don’t need ______.
Answer:
weapons

Question 4.
______ fights with everyone in school.
Answer:
Nimmi

Question 5.
Miss Malliga teaches ______.
Answer:
computer

B. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Who helped Tenzin in learning English words?
Answer:
Julie, the art and craft teacher, helped Tenzin in learning English words.

Question 2.
Name the places that Tenzin’s family lived in.
Answer:
Tenzin’s family lived in Tibet, McLeod Ganj in Himachal Pradesh, Mysore, Gurupura, Kollegal in Karnataka.

Question 3.
What are the difficulties they faced in India?
Answer:
They didn’t know how to get a house. They didn’t know the names of the food items they wanted to buy. Shopping was the most difficult job for them.

Question 4.
Why did Tenzin cried every day?
Answer:
Tenzin cried every day as he badly missed his friends and his country – Tibet.

Question 5.
Why it is important for people to live without boundaries?
Answer:
We all are humans, and we live together on Earth. We need to share and grow with each other. So, it is important to live without boundaries.

C. Try your own:

Answer:

D. Speak and win:

Pick and support or oppose any one of the characters:

I support:

1. Nimmie defended everyone who teased Tenzin.
2. Binsa was a friend of Tenzin she was a Nepali. She practiced learning English.

I oppose:

1. Nimmie fights with everyone.
2. She was not an Indian.
3. She did not know English. She did not have friends.

Let us read aloud:

A. Read the passage 3 times and colour the dove for each time:

A leader and his followers went to Ooty. They shared stories to forget thigh pain from their tired legs. They decided to take some rest. When they were crossing a river, the leader saw a poisonous scorpion floating in the river. It was going to die in the water. The leader wanted to save it but it bit him. Seeing this, the followers asked him the reason why he tried helping it even if it bites him. The leader said that helping others is the nature of human and biting is the nature of the insect.

Question 1.
Where were they going?
Answer:
They were going to Ooty.

Question 2.
What did the leader see on the river?
Answer:
The leader saw a poisonous scorpion floating in the river.

Question 3.
What is the main idea of the text?
Answer:
The main idea of the text is to insist that helping others is human nature.

Let us write:

Question 1.
How to write a paragraph? We already know to write a paragraph, what are the parts of a paragraph?
Answer:
Topic sentence, Support sentence-1, Support sentence-2, and Conclusion.

Write a paragraph on the topic ‘Park’:

1. Park is an area where we find trees, plants, flowers, play equipments, and keep fit equipment.
2. People go to the park not only to relax but also to play, go for a walk, use keep fit equipments, and chat with friends.
3. In city, we see parks maintained by the Metropolitan Corporation. Parks are found in all areas in the neighborhood.
4. We should keep our parks clean. We must throw the waste in the bin. We must be aware of thefts and pick-pockets and be careful in the park.
5. Apart from the regular parks, we also have special parks like – Zoological park, Amusement park, Birds’ park, etc.

I can do:

A. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Name of the object
Answer:
Refrigerator

Question 2.
In your mother tongue
Answer:
குளிர்பதனப்பெட்டி

Question 3.
Use in a sentence
Answer:
Last month my father bought a refrigerator.

B. Match the clipped words:

1. Photo	a. mathematics
2. Math	b. centum
3. Cent	c. photograph

Answer:

1. Photo	a. photograph
2. Math	b. mathematics
3. Cent	c. centum

C. Fill in the blank with the clipped word:

Question 1.
We bought a new ______.(refrigerator)
Answer:
fridge

Question 2.
He broke his ______. (spectacles)
Answer:
specs

Question 3.
We visited the ______. (zoological park)
Answer:
zoo

D. Circle the pronouns:

Question 1.
An old man lived in the village. He was one of the most unfortunate people in the world. The whole village was tired of him; he was always gloomy, he constantly complained, and was always in a bad mood.

Answer:
An old man lived in the village. He was one of the most unfortunate people in the world. The whole village was tired of him; he was always gloomy, he constantly complained, and was always in a bad mood.

E. Fill in the bļanks with a pronoun:

Question 1.
Every morning, I brush my teeth and stare at ______ in the mirror.
(a) himself
(b) herself
(c) myself
(d) itself
Answer:
(c) myself

Question 2.
The children made holiday decorations by ______.
(a) itself
(b) themselves
(c) theirselves
(d) ourselves
Answer:
(b) themselves

5th English Guide The New Start Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
From Tibet, Tenzin first migrated to ______ in India.
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Andhra Pradesh
Answer:
(b) Himachal Pradesh

Question 2.
We can fight the real evil of ______ and injustice in the world.
(a) hatred
(b) poverty
(c) greed
Answer:
(c) greed

Question 3.
Every ______ Tenzin went to the Government office to get his book signed.
(a) week
(b) month
(c) year
Answer:
(c) year

Question 4.
We all are ______ and we live together on Earth.
(a) aliens
(b) humans
(c) archaic
Answer:
(b) humans

II. Match the following :

a.

1. Charles	a. baseball
2. Binsa	b. Nepal
3. Nimmie	c. fighter
4. Mother	d. happy anywhere

Answer:

1. Tenzin	a. computer
2. Julie	b. Tibet
3. Malliga	c. art and craft

b.

1. Tenzin	a. computer
2. Julie	b. Tibet
3. Malliga	c. art and craft

Answer:

1. Tenzin	a. Tibet
2. Julie	b. art and craft
3. Malliga	c. computer

III. Write True or False:

Question 1.
Beginning a new life in a new place is easy.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Charles taught Tenzin to play baseball.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
We need to share and grow with each other.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
My mother says we cannot be happy anywhere.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Often Tenzin thought of his friends in Tibet and cried.
Answer:
True

IV. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Where did Tenzin family live in Himachal Pradesh?
Answer:
Tenzin’s family lived in a refugee camp.

Question 2.
How did the Refugee Relief Group help Tenzin?
Answer:
The Refugee Relief Group (RGB) arranged a house for Tenzin and showed him where to buy what he needed. The RRG also helped him to get admission to a school close to his house.

Question 3.
Write the names of two teachers of Tenzin.
Answer:
Ms. Julie, the art and craft teacher, and Ms. Malliga, the computer teacher.

Question 4.
List three friends of Tenzin.
Answer:
Binsa, Charles, and Nimmi.

Question 5.
Why was Tenzin displeased?
Answer:
Tenzin was displeased because he missed his home in Tibet. Many people still looked at him as an alien in India.

Question 6.
What is the difference between the eagles and people according to Tenzin?
Answer:
An eagle never needs to be saved from another eagle. But people have to be saved from other people.

Question 7.
What are the real evils in the world?
Answer:
Greed and hunger.

Question 8.
What does Tenzin want to do to the people?
Answer:
Tenzin wants to help all people realize that we are all one.

Question 9.
What should Tenzin family do every year?
Answer:
Tenzin’s family had to go to the government office every year to get their book signed for staying in India.

The New Start Summary in English and Tamil

Tenzin, a boy from Tibet was forced out of his country. He writes about his experience in his journal. Let us read about his experience.

திபெத்தைச் சேர்ந்த டென்ஜின் என்ற சிறுவன் தனது நாட்டை விட்டு வெளியேற வேண்டிய கட்டாயம் ஏற்பட்டது. அவனது அனுபவம் பற்றி அவன் ஒரு பத்திரிகையில் எழுதுகிறான். அவனது அனுபவத்தைப் பற்றி நாம் படிக்கலாம்.

My name is Tenzin. I am from Tibet. From Tibet, we first migrated to Himachal Pradesh in India. While we lived in a refugee camp in India, I learnt a few words of English. From Himachal Pradesh, we moved to Karnataka.

என் பெயர் டென்ஜின். நான் திபெத்தைச் சேர்ந்தவன். நாங்கள் திபெத்திலிருந்து முதலில் இந்தியாவில் உள்ள ஹிமாச்சல பிரதேசத்துக்கு குடி போனோம். நாங்கள் இந்தியாவில் ஓர் அகதிகள் முகாமில் வாழ்ந்தபோது, நான் சில ஆங்கில வார்த்தைகளைக் கற்றுக் கொண்டேன். ஹிமாச்சல பிரதேசத்திலிருந்து நாங்கள் கர்நாடகாவிற்கு வந்தோம்.

My family had a hard time adjusting to this new country. We moved many times. We first lived in McLeod Gani, and then we moved to Mysore. And from Mysore, we went to Gurupura and then to Kollegal. I was tired and homesick. Finally, we decided to come back and settle in Gurupura.

எங்கள் குடும்பத்தாருக்கு இந்த புதிய நாட்டில் அனுசரித்து வாழ்வது மிகவும் கடினமாக இருந்தது. நாங்கள் பலமுறை இடம் மாறினோம். நாங்கள் முதலில் மக்லியோட் கஞ்ச்சில் வாழ்ந்தோம், பின்னர் மைசூருக்குப் போனோம். மைசூரில் இருந்து குருபுராவிற்கும் பின்னர் கொல்லேகாள் என்ற ஊருக்கும் போனோம். நான் மிகவும் களைத்துப் போனேன். சொந்த நாட்டைப் பற்றிய நினைவு அடிக்கடி வந்தது. இறுதியில் குருபுராவிற்கே திரும்பவும் வந்து குடியேற முடிவு செய்தோம்.

Beginning a new life in a new place was not easy. We didn’t understand the system in India. We didn’t know how to get a house. Shopping for food was the most difficult job. We didn’t know the names of the items we wanted to buy.

புதிய இடத்தில் புது வாழ்க்கையை துவங்குவது என்பது எளிதானதாக இல்லை. இந்தியாவின் வாழ்க்கை முறைகள் பற்றி எங்களுக்குப் புரியவில்லை. தங்குவதற்கு ஒரு வீட்டை எப்படி பெறுவது என்று கூட எங்களுக்குத் தெரியவில்லை. கடைக்குச் சென்று உணவை வாங்குவது தான் மிகவும் கடினமான வேலை. நாங்கள் வாங்க வேண்டிய பொருட்களின் பெயர்கள் (இந்நாட்டு மொழியில் என்னவென்று எங்களுக்கு தெரியாது.

we asked the Refugee Relief Group to help us. They arranged a house for us and showed us where to buy what we needed. They even helped us get admission to the school close to our house. I started going to school. In the beginning, I didn’t understand anything. I often thought of my friends in Tibet. I would cry every day after I returned from school. I wanted to go back to my school and my friends.

அகதிகள் நிவாரணக் குழுவை எங்களுக்கு உதவுமாறு நாங்கள் கேட்டோம். அவர்கள் நாங்கள் தங்க ஒரு வீட்டை ஏற்பாடு செய்தனர். எங்களுக்குத் தேவையானதை எங்கே வாங்க வேண்டும் என்றும் காண்பித்தார்கள். எங்கள் வீட்டுக்கு பக்கத்தில் இருந்த பள்ளியில் சேரவும் எங்களுக்கு உதவி செய்தார்கள்.

நான் பள்ளிக்குச் செல்ல ஆரம்பித்தேன். ஆரம்பத்தில் எனக்கு எதுவுமே புரியவில்லை .அப்பொழுது நான் அடிக்கடி என் திபெத் நாட்டு நண்பர்களை நினைப்பேன். பள்ளியில் இருந்து திரும்பியவுடன் தினமும் நான் அழுவேன். நான் என் திபெத் பள்ளிக்கும், திபெத் நண்பர்களிடமும் திரும்பிப் போக விரும்பினேன்.

Every year we need to go to the government office and get our book signed. Mother says that, if we miss getting it sianed then we will have to leave India too.

நாங்கள் ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் அரசாங்க அலுவலகத்திற்குச் சென்று, எங்கள் புத்தகங்களில் கையெழுத்து வாங்க வேண்டும். நாங்கள் கையெழுத்து வாங்கத் தவறினால், இந்தியாவை விட்டு வெளியேற வேண்டும் என்று அம்மா சொன்னார்.

Now, I have made friends here. There is Julie, my art and craft teacher. She is a very nice person. She helps me learn English words. Miss Malliga is also a wonderful teacher. She teaches me computers. I have a friend whose name is Binsa. She is from Nepal. She didn’t know English either when she came here. Now we learn and practice English together. There is Nimmi who fights with everyone who teases us. And I must not forget to mention Charles, who taught me how to play baseball.

இப்பொழுது எனக்கு இங்கு நண்பர்கள் இருக்கிறார்கள். என்னுடைய ஓவிய கலை ஆசிரியை ஜூலி மிகவும் நல்லவர். நான் ஆங்கில வார்த்தைகளைக் கற்றுக் கொள்ள உதவுகிறார். செல்வி மல்லிகாவும் ஓர் அற்புதமான ஆசிரியை. அவர் எனக்கு கணினி கற்றுக் கொடுப்பார். எனக்கு பின்சா என்ற ஒரு சிநேகிதி உண்டு.

அவள் நேபாள் நாட்டைச் சேர்ந்தவள். அவளுக்கும் இங்கு வந்த புதிதில் ஆங்கிலம் தெரியாது. இப்பொழுது நாங்கள் ஒன்றாக ஆங்கிலம் படித்து பயிற்சி செய்கிறோம். எங்களைக் கிண்டல் செய்யும் எல்லாரிடமும் சண்டை போட நிம்மி இருக்கின்றாள். நான் சார்லஸ் பற்றி சொல்ல மறக்கக் கூடாது. அவன்தான் எனக்கு பேஸ் பால் விளையாடக் கற்றுக் கொடுத்தான்.

I often wonder, how would it be if I had lived in the same place all my life? I miss my home in Tibet. But that does not mean that I am not grateful to India, its people, and the government. While many people are my friends, there are still many who look at us as though we were aliens. Sometimes, I want to tell them that we are humans too. We live on Earth too, just a different part of Earth.

என் வாழ்க்கை முழுவதையும் இந்த ஒரே இடத்தில் நான் வாழ்ந்திருந்தால் எப்படி இருந்திருக்கும் என நான் நினைத்து வியந்ததுண்டு . நான் என் திபெத் வீட்டை இழந்து தவிக்கிறேன். அதற்காக நான் இந்திய மக்கள் மீதும், அரசாங்கத்திடமும் நன்றி இல்லாதவனாக இல்லை.

இங்கு பல மனிதர்கள் எனக்கு நண்பர்களாக இருந்தாலும், பலர் இன்னும் எங்களை அந்நியர்களாகவே பார்க்கிறார்கள். சில சமயம் நான் அப்படிப்பட்டவர்களிடம் “நாங்களும் மனிதர்கள் தான்” என்று சொல்ல நினைப்பேன். நாங்களும் இந்த பூமியில் தான் வாழ்கின்றோம், என்ன, பூமியின் வேறு ஒரு பகுதியில் வாழ்கிறோம்.

Our history teacher tells us that is people who made the boundaries of the countries. We drew the lines before, we draw the lines now, and we will continue to draw new lines. I think we would not stop braving likes unless we realize that we are all one! We all are humans, and we live together on Earth. We need to share and grow with each other.

நாடுகளின் எல்லைகளை உருவாக்கியவர்கள் மனிதர்கள் தான் என்று எங்கள் வரலாறு ஆசிரியர் கூறுவார். எல்லைக் கோடுகளை முன்காலத்தி ல்நாம் வரைந்தோம். இப்போது நாம் வரைகிறோம். இனியும் நாம் புதிய எல்லைக்கோடுகளை தொடர்ந்து வரைவோம்.

நாம் அனைவரும் ஒன்று என்பதை நாம் உணராத வரை நாம் இந்த செயல்களை (எல்லைக் கோடு வரைவதை நிறுத்தமாட்டோம் என்று நினைக்கிறேன். நாம் எல்லாரும் மனிதர்கள். நாம் ஒன்று கூடி இந்த பூமியில் வாழ்கிறோம். நாம் நம்முடையதை மற்றவருடன் பகிர்ந்து, அவர்களுடன் சேர்ந்து வளர வேண்டும்?

Now, that I think of this. I wonder if we did not have the boundaries, will we need weapons? Will we need protection from our own people? Does an eagle ever need to be saved from another eagle? Then, why do people have to be saved from other people?

இப்போது நான் இதை நினைக்கிறேன். நம் நாடுகளுக்கிடையே எல்லைகள் இல்லாவிட்டால் நமக்கு போர் ஆயுதங்கள் தேவைப்படுமா? என நான் கேட்கிறேன். நமது சொந்த மக்களிடமிருந்தே நமக்கு பாதுகாப்பு தேவைதானா?

ஒரு கழுகுக்கு மற்றொரு கழுகிடமிருந்து தன்னைப் பாதுகாத்துக் கொள்ளவேண்டிய தேவை ஏற்படுகிறதா? (இல்லையே) அப்படி என்றால் பிறகு ஏன் மனிதர்கள் மட்டும் பிற மனிதர்களிடமிருந்து காப்பாற்றப்பட வேண்டும்.

I want to help people realise that we are all one. And that, it is up to see beyond the boundaries and connect as people. Only then we can fight the real evil of greed and injustice in the world, together. I want to end by saying that I am happy now. My mother says we can be happy anywhere. I enjoy being here. Many people are very nice and helpful. I still remember my friends and my school in Tibet. I want to visit them when I grow up to tell them that we live in a wonderful world. To tell them that the world can be united only by its people.

நாம் அனைவரும் ஒரே குலம் தான் என்று மக்கள் உணருவதற்கு நான் உதவ விரும்புகிறேன். நாம் எல்லைகளை கடந்து மக்களோடு தொடர்பு கொள்வது என்பது நம் கையில் தான் உள்ளது. அப்பொழுது தான் தான் இவ்வுலகின் உண்மையான தீய சக்திகளான பேராசை, அநியாயம், அக்கிரமம் போன்றவற்றிற்கு எதிராக நாம் ஒன்றாக போராட முடியும்.

”நான் இப்பொழுது மகிழ்ச்சியாக இருக்கிறேன் என்று கூறி முடிக்க விரும்புகிறேன். நாம் எங்கு இருந்தாலும் மகிழ்ச்சியாக இருக்கலாம் என்று என் அம்மா சொல்கிறார். நான் இங்கு இருப்பதில் சந்தோஷப்படுகிறேன்.

அநேகர் இங்கு பழக நல்லவர்களாகவும் உதவி செய்பவர்களாகவும் இருக்கிறார்கள். நான் இன்னும் என் திபெத் பள்ளியையும், என் நண்பர்களையும் நினைவில் வைத்துள்ளேன். நான் பெரியவன் ஆனவுடன் அவர்களை சந்தித்து நாம் எப்படிப்பட்ட அற்புதமான உலகில் வாழ்கின்றோம் என சொல்ல விரும்புகிறேன். இவ்வுலகில் வாழும் மக்கள் மூலமாகத்தான் இந்த உலகம் இணைக்கப்பட முடியும் என்று நான் சொல்லுவேன்.

Come, join me on this journey to make this world better. A safer place. A happier place. A place with no boundaries.

வாருங்கள், இந்த உலகத்தை நாம் சிறப்பாக மேம்படுத்த இந்தப் பயணத்தில் என்னுடன் சேருங்கள். பாதுகாப்பான இடம், ஒரு மகிழ்ச்சியான இடம், எல்லையில்லாத ஓர் இடம்.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf Geography Term 3 Chapter 3 Natural Hazards – Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Term 3 Chapter 3 Natural Hazards – Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice

7th Social Science Guide Natural Hazards – Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
………………………. is a event which causes enormous physical damage to property, loss of life and change in the environment.
a) Hazard
b) Disaster
c) Recovery
d) mitigation
Answer:
b) Disaster

Question 2.
Activities that reduce the effects of disaster
a) Preparation
b) Response
c) Mitigation
d) Recovery
Answer:
c) Mitigation

Question 3.
A sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth’s crust is called as ……………….
a) Tsunami
b) Earthquake
c) Fire
d) Cyclone
Answer:
b) Earthquake

Question 4.
A sudden overflow of water in a large amount caused due to heavy rainfall is called ……………………….
a) Flood
b) Cyclone
c) Drought
d) Seasons
Answer:
b) Cyclone

Question 5.
Road accidents can be avoided by permitting the persons who have ………………………. is allowed to drive vehicle.
a) Ration card
b) License
c) permission
d) Documents
Answer:
b) License

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. A hazard is a ……………….. event that can causes harm or damage to human and their property.
Answer:
disaster

2. Activities taken during a disaster is called …………………
Answer:
Response

3. Displacement of water can produce one or more huge destructive waves known as
Answer:
Tsunami

4. In case of fire accidents call the nearby police station or the no ……………….. for the fire service.
Answer:
101

5. Disaster management refers to ……………….. of lives and property during a natural or manmade disaster.
Answer:
conservation

III. Match the following:

A	B
1. Earthquake	a) Gigantic waves
2. Cyclone	b) Creak / Fault
3. Tsunami	c) Uneven rainfall
4. Industrial accident	d) Eye of the storm
5. Drought	e) Carelessness

Answer:

A	B
1. Earthquake	b) Creak / Fault
2. Cyclone	d) Eye of the storm
3. Tsunami	a) Gigantic waves
4. Industrial accident	e) Carelessness
5. Drought	c) Uneven rainfall

IV. Consider the following statement and tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : In the modem world we can’t live happing everyday.
Reason (R) : Due to pollution and environmental degradation we are undergoing natural hazard and Disaster
a) A and R are correct and A explains R
b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
c) A is in correct bt R is correct
d) Both A and R are in correct
Answer:
a) A and R are correct and A explains R

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth’s crust is called an Earthquake.
Reason (R) : Movement of the tectonic plates, mass wasting, surface fault all leads to earthquake.
a) A and R are correct and A explains R
b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
c) A is in correct but R is correct
d) Both A and R are in correct
Answer:
a) A and R are correct and A explains R

V. Answer the following briefly:

Question 1.
Define Hazard.
Answer:
Generally, a hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of life, injury, health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods, services, social and economic disruption or environmental damage.

Question 2.
What is a disaster?
Answer:
A disaster can be generally defined as “A serious disruption in the society causing widespread material, economic, social or environmental losses.

Question 3.
What are the 4 concepts of the Disaster management cycle?
Answer:

1. Prevention
2. Mitigation
3. Preparedness
4. Response
5. Recovery
6. Rehabilitation

Question 4.
Name any two agency which involves in the warring system in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:

• Tamil Nadu State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) has been constituted with a strength of 80 Police Personnel.
• They have been trained in disaster management and rescue operations in consultation with the National Disaster Response Force(NDRF).

Question 5.
Write about any three effects of the flood.
Answer:

• Loss of life and property
• Displacement of people
• Spread of contagious diseases such as Cholera and Malaria etc.

Question 6.
Give any four Rail safety tips.
Answer:
Rail Safety Tips:

• Stay alert. Train scans come from either direction at any time.
• Never sit on the edge of the Station Platform.
• Cross the tracks safely.

Question 7.
Name any four different industry which goes under industrial disaster frequently.
Answer:

• Nuclear industries
• Chemical industries
• Match and crackers factory
• Cotton and Paper industry.

VI. Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Earthquake and Tsunami.
Answer:
Earthquake

1. A sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth’s crust.
2. The movement of the tectonic plates, mass wasting, landslides, surface fault,etc., causes earth quake.

Tsunami

1. When an earthquake jolts the ocean floor, the sudden dislocation of the sea bed occurs and the resulting displacement of water can produce one or more huge, destructive waves.
2. These waves rise to several meters and may reach the coast within a few minutes.

Question 2.
Flood and cyclone.
Answer:
Flood :

1. Heavy rainfall, cyclone, melting of snow, Tsunami or a dam burst.
2. A large amount of water is burst out.
3. Displacement of people, Spread of contagious diseases such as Cholera and Malaria, etc.

Cyclone :

1. Heavy rainfall, cyclone, melting of snow, Tsunami or a dam burst.
2. When it reaches land and destroys buildings and kills people, it can be described as a disaster.
3. Disrupts transportation, power communication.

Question 3.
Hazard and disaster.
Answer:
Hazard:

1. A hazard is a dangerous phenomenon.
2. Human activity or condition that may cause loss of life.
3. Eg: Injury, health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods, services.

Disaster

1. Disaster occurs naturally.
2. A serious disruption in society.
3. Eg: economic, social, or environmental losses.

VII. Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
Write about the disaster management cycle.
Answer:
The six disaster management phases that have been used in the concept of disaster cycle are as follows;
Pre-Disaster phase:
Prevention and Mitigation:

1. The term prevention is often used to embrace the wide diversity of measures to protect persons and property.
2. Mitigation embraces all measures taken to reduce both the effects of the hazard itself and the vulnerable conditions to it in order to reduce the scale of a future disaster.
3. Therefore, mitigation may incorporate addressing issues such as land ownership, tenancy rights, wealth distribution, implementation of earthquake-resistant building codes, etc.

Preparedness:

1. The process includes various measures that enable governments, communities and individuals to respond rapidly to disaster situations to cope with them effectively.
2. Preparedness includes for example, the formulation of viable emergency plans, the development of warning systems, the maintenance of inventories, public awareness and education and the training of personnel.

Early Warning:

1. This is the process of monitoring the situation in communities or areas known to be vulnerable to slow onset hazards, and passing the knowledge of the pending hazard to people harmless way.
2. To be effective, warnings must be related to mass education and training of the population who know what actions they must take when warned.

The Disaster Impact:

1. This refers to the “real-time event of a hazard occurrence and affecting elements at risk.
2. The duration of the event will depend on the type of threat; ground shaking may only occur in a matter of seconds during an earthquake while flooding may take place over a longer sustained period.

During Disaster Phase:

Response: This refers to the first stage of response to any calamity, which includes examples such as setting up control rooms, putting the contingency plan in action, issue warning, action for evacuation, taking people to safer areas, rendering medical aid to the needy, etc., simultaneously rendering relief to the homeless, food, drinking water, clothing, etc. to the needy, restoration of communication, disbursement of assistance in cash or kind.

The Post- Disaster Phase:

Recovery: Recovery is used to describe the activities that encompass the three overlapping phases of emergency relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction.

Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation includes the provision of temporary public utilities and housing as interim measures to assist long-term recovery.

Reconstruction: Reconstruction attempts to return communities with improved pre-disaster functioning. It includes the replacement of buildings; infrastructure and lifeline facilities so that long-term development prospects are enhanced rather than reproducing the same conditions, which made an area or population vulnerable in the first place.

Development: In an evolving economy, the development process is an ongoing activity. Long-term prevention/disaster reduction measures. For example like the construction of embankments against flooding, irrigation facilities as drought-proofing measures, increasing plant cover to reduce the occurrences of landslides, etc.

Question 2.
Write about the flood, its effects, and the mitigation
Answer:
Flood: Sudden overflow of water in a large amount caused due to heavy rainfall, cyclone, melting of snow, Tsunami or a dam burst.
Effects:

1. Loss of life and property
2. Displacement of people and
3. Spread of contagious diseases such as cholera and Malaria etc.,

Mitigation for a flood:
They include flood walls/sea walls, flood gates, levees, and evacuation routes. Nonstructural measures reduce damage by removing people and property out of risk areas. They induce elevated structures, property buyouts, permanent relocation, zoning, subdivision and building codes.

Question 3.
Write about any five general survival techniques.
Answer:
General Survival Techniques:

1. During the earthquake be under the table, chair, kneel to the floor and protect yourself. Go near a sturdy wall, sit on the floor and hold the floor strongly and protect yourself. Use only torch lights,
2. During flood forecast, store up necessary things like first aid etc. Listen to the local Radio/TV for instructions. Cut off all the electrical supplies during flood and earthquake,
3. In case of fire accidents call fire service (No. 101)
4. If clothes are on fire, “Don’t Run; Stop, Drop and Roll,”
5. Stay alert. Trains can come from either direction at any time,
6. Never sit on the edge of the Station Platform,
7. Cross the tracks safely.

Question 4.
Write about the earthquake, its effects, and mitigation steps.
Answer:
Earthquake:
A sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth’s crust is called an earthquake. The movement of the tectonic plates, mass wasting, landslides, surface fault, etc., causes earthquakes.
Effects:
Due to a strong earthquake, loss of lives, buildings, roads, bridges, and dams are damaged. Earthquakes cause floods, tsunamis, landslides, fires, breakdown of water supply, and electrical lines. It may change the course of a river too.
Mitigation steps:

1. Construct an Earthquake resistant building.
2. Seek shelter under stable tables.
3. Move to open areas.
4. Secure your belonging.
5. Put latches on cabinet doors and file cabinets.
6. Store hazardous materials in a sturdy place.
7. Keep fire extinguishers.

VIII. HOTS:

Question 1.
Why should we know about the natural disaster?
Answer:

• To prevent loss of life.
• To Protect our belongings.
• To create awareness among youngsters.
• To be prepared with emergency phone nos.
• To be stocked with food, water medicine.
• For children and old age people.

Question 2.
Name four places in India which undergo landslide.
Answer:

• Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Maharastra (Western ghats and Konkan hills)
• North Eastern Himalayas – (Darjeeling, and Sikkim)
• North West Himalayas – (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh)
• Jammu and Kashmir.

7th Social Science Guide Natural Hazards – Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer.

Question 1.
On 2nd to 3rd May ………………….. high-velocity dust storms swept across the parts of North India and more than 125 people died and over 200 were injured.
a) 2019
b) 2018
c) 2016
d) 2017
Answer:
b) 2018

Question 2.
After …………………..  tsunami, cyclone Gaja is the worst natural disaster to hit Tamilnadu.
a) 2004
b) 2005
c) 2006
d) 2007
Answer:
a) 2004

Question 3.
The word “Tsunami” is derived from the …………………..  word.
a) Italy
b) Germany
c) Korea
d) Japanese
Answer:
d) Japanese

Question 4.
A low-pressure area that is encircled by high-pressure wind is called a …………………..
a) Hurricane
b) Cyclone
c) Flood
d) Tsunami
Answer:
b) Cyclone

Question 5.
In the early hours of November 10, 2018………………….. cyclone had been spread around 120(Kmph).
a) Suthrina
b) vartha
c) Gaja
d) Verdan
Answer:
c) Gaja

Question 6.
…………………..  is used to describe the activities that encompass the three overlapping phases of emergency relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
a) Recovery
b) Reconstruction
c) Rehabilitation
d) Development
Answer:
a) Recovery

Question 7.
…………………..  attempts to return communities with improved predisaster functioning.
a) Recovery
b) Reconstruction
c) Rehabilitation
d) Development
Answer:
b) Reconstruction

Question 8.
State Disaster Management plan – The perspective plan – …………………..  prepared by the Revenue and Disaster Management Department.
a) 2018-2030
b) 2010-2030
c) 2020-2030
d) 2030-2040
Answer:
a) 2018 – 2030

Question 9.
During the earthquake be under the ………………….., kneel to the floor and protect yourself.
a) table
b) below the wall
e) below the steps
d) near the mirror
Answer:
a) table

Question 10.
In case of fire accidents dial ………………….. for fire service.
a) 102
b) 103
c) 101
d) 100
Answer:
c) 101

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Generally, a hazard is a …………………..
Answer:
dangerous phenomenon

2. A ………………….. (or) trembling of the earth crust is called as earthquake.
Answer:
sudden movement

3. Due to a strong earthquake, loss of lives, buildings, roads, bridges, and dams are damaged are called …………………..
Answer:
Hazards

4. ………………….. is a natural hazard. It develops at sea.
Answer:
Hurricane

5. ………………….. means harbor waves.
Answer:
Tsunami

6. The term………….. is a sudden rush of a crowd of people.
Answer:
stampede

7. …………………..  is a disaster.
Answer:
Fire

8. ………………….. refers to the “real-time event of a hazard occurrence and affecting elements at risk.
Answer:
Disaster Impact

9. ………………….. embraces all measures taken to reduce both the effects of the hazard itself and the vulnerable conditions.
Answer:
Mitigation

10. If any ………………….. occur dial, 101 for Fire service and 108 for the Ambulance.
Answer:
emergency medical help

III. Match the following:

A	B
1. Man-made disaster	a) NDMA
2. Industrial disaster	b) SDRF
3. CSIR	c) Warfare
4. National Disaster Management Authority	d) Bhopal gas leakage
5. Tamilnadu State Disaster Response Force	e) Laboratories

Answer:

A	B
1. Man-made disaster	c) Warfare
2. Industrial disaster	d) Bhopal gas leakage
3. CSIR	e) Laboratories
4. National Disaster Management Authority	a) NDMA
5. Tamilnadu State Disaster Response Force	b) SDRF

IV. Answer the following briefly:

Question 1.
Write down the examples of Natural disasters.
Answer:
Earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions Landslides , Windstorms, Floods, and Epidemics.

Question 2.
What is the post-disaster phase in Disaster?
Answer:

• Response
• Recovery
• Rehabilitation

Question 3.
What is Preparedness?
Answer:
The process includes various measures that enable governments, communities, and individuals to respond rapidly to disaster situations to cope with them effectively.

V. Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
Explain the general survival techniques while happening disasters.
Answer:

• During the earthquake be under the table.
• Hold the floor strongly.
• During flood forecast, store up necessary things like first aid.
• In case of fire accidents dial 101 for fire service.
• Road accidents can be avoided by following Road safety rules.
• Read the safety briefing card available in the seat pocket carefully.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Prose Chapter 3 The Struggling Star Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 3 The Struggling Star

4th English Guide The Struggling Star Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Choose the best answer.

Question 1.
Kartik is ___________
(a) Deaf
(a) Blind
(c) Dumb
Answer:
(b) blind

Question 2.
The Delhi government did not allow blind children to study science after ___________
(a) 8th standard
(b) 10th standard
(c) 12th standard
Answer:
(b) 10th standard

Question 3.
Finally, ___________ he got permission to study Science.
(a) After 11 months
(b) After 7 months
(c) After 9 months
Answer:
(c) After 9 months

Question 4.
He got an admission to study at Stanford University ___________
(a) In the USA
(b) In the UK .
(c) In Russia
Answer:
(a) In the USA

B. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What subject did he like the most?
Answer:
He liked science the most.

Question 2.
How many marks did he score in his 12th board exam?
Answer:
He got more than 95% in his 12th board exam.

Question 3.
What was his dream?
Answer:
His dream was to study in an IIT.

Question 4.
Is there something that you will struggle for? why?
Answer:
I will struggle for the disabled to get a chance to study. Because they have the right to learn.

Question 5.
What was Farhan’s father advice to his son?
Answer:
Farhan’s father advises that, if we work hard, there will always be support for us.

I. Match the word with its meaning.

Question 1.
Potential – desire
Answer:
Potential – ability

Question 2.
Permission – ability
Answer:
permission – approval

Question 3.
passion – approval
Answer:
passion – desire

II. Link the correct opposites.

Question 1.
Remember × dull
Answer:
Remember × forget

Question 2.
bright × bad
Answer:
Bright × dull

Question 3.
good × forget
Answer:
good × bad

III. Fill in the blanks.

1. Kartik studied in ____________ public school..
Answer:
Delhi

Question 2.
He refused to let his ___________ come in his way.
Answer:
Disability

Question 3.
His love for ____________ helped him get more than 95% in his 12th board exam.
Answer:
Science

Question 4.
He will try to make sure that all the ____________ crore people reach their full potential.
Answer:
130

IV. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is young leaders award?
Answer:
It is an award given to 17 people from around the world every year. It recognises the effort taken by them to make the world a better place.

Question 2.
Who is Kartik?
Answer:
Kartik is a blind technologist who has empowered many other people with disabilities to be successful IT engineers.

Question 3.
What is Farhan’s father’s opinion about ‘change’?
Answer:
Farhan’s father feels that change takes time. We should take work hard and be patient if we want to see change happen around us.

A. Match the masculine noun with the feminine noun.

Question 1.
Son – princess
Answer:
Son – daughter

Question 2.
Tiger – heroine
Answer:
Tiger – tigress

Question 3.
King – daughter
Answer:
King – queen

Question 4.
Prince – queen
Answer:
Prince – princess

Question 5.
Hero – tigress
Answer:
Hero – heroine

B. Change the masculine noun to feminine noun in the given sentences.

Question 1.
My uncle presented me a watch. __________
Answer:
Aunty

Question 2.
A young man was driving the car. _____________
Answer:
Woman

Question 3.
May I come in sir? _____________
Answer:
Madam

Question 4.
The waiter took the order. ____________
Answer:
Waitress

Question 5.
The rooster scratched the earth for worms. ____________
Answer:
Hen

C. Complete each sentence by using the following words.

Question 1.
Farmer John has four cows and two ____________.
Answer:
Bulls

Question 2.
The bridegroom and the ____________ entered the hall.
Answer:
Bride

Question 3.
The ___________ and queen attended the court.
Answer:
King

Question 4.
Charles greeted his ___________ and aunt.
Answer:
Uncle

Question 5.
I played with my nephew and ___________
Answer:
Niece

Match the Masculine noun with the Feminine noun.

Question 1.
poet – lady.
Answer:
poet – poetess

Question 2.
host – wife
Answer:
host – hostess

Question 3.
Husband – hostess
Answer:
Husband – wife

Question 4.
Gentleman – poetess
Answer:
Gentleman – lady

Question 5.
monk – spinster
Answer:
monk – nun

Question 6.
wizard – headmistress
Answer:
Wizard – witch

Question 7.
Bachelor – witch
Answer:
Bachelor – spinster

Question 8.
Headmaster – nun
Answer:
Headmaster – headmistress

The Struggling Star Summary in English and Tamil

Farhan and his father are reading the newspaper the favourite part of his morning. He gets up, brushes his teeth, drinks his milk and sits with his father to read the news every day.

தனக்கு மிகவும் பிடித்த ஒன்றான காலையில் நாளிதழ் வாசிக்கும் செயலை, பர்ஹான் தன் தந்தையுடன்செய்து கொண்டிருந்தான். அவன் தினமும் காலையில் எழுந்து, பல்துலக்கி, பால் குடித்துவிட்டு தன் தந்தையாருடன் அமர்ந்து கொண்டு செய்திகளை வாசிப்பான்.

Farhan: Abbu, what is this y-o-u-n-9 leaders award? Father: It is young leaders award. It is given to only 17 people from around the world every year. It recognises the effort they have taken to make the world a better place.

பர்ஹான் : அப்பு, இந்த இளம் தலைவர்கள் விருது என்றால் என்ன?, தந்தையார் : இது இளம் தலைவர்களுக்கானவிருதாகும். இது உலகம் முழுவதும் உள்ள, மொத்தமே 17 பேருக்கு தான் ஒவ்வொரு வருடமும் வழங்கப்படுகிறது. உலகை ஒரு நல்ல வாழ்விடமாக மாற்றுவதற்காக அவர்கள் எடுத்த முயற்சிக்கான அங்கீகாரமே இந்த விருதாகும்.

Farhan: Wow! Only 17? I am so proud that an Indian has got this award. Father: Do you know why he got it? Farhan: No, can you please tell me? Father: I am happy that you asked. It is very important to not only be proud when we see or hear such news. We should also… Farhan: Learn from it! Yes, Abbu I remember this. Father: Very good! Kartik is a technologist who has not let his disability stop him from learning. Not only that, he has empowered other people with disabilities to be successful IT engineers.

பர்ஹான் : வாவ்! வெறும் 17 பேர் தானா? ஓர் இந்தியருக்கு இந்த விருது கிடைத்தது எனக்குபெருமிதமாக உள்ளது. தந்தை : அவருக்கு எதற்கு அது அளிக்கப்பட்டதென தெரியுமா? பர்ஹான் : தெரியாது, எதற்கு என எனக்கு தயவு செய்து கூற முடியுமா?தந்தை : நீ கேட்டது எனக்கு சந்தோஷமாக உள்ளது.இதில் முக்கியமானதென்னவென்றால், – இம்மாதிரி செய்திகளை பார்ப்பதோ கேட்பதோ முக்கியமல்ல, நாம்…. பர்ஹான் : இதிலிருந்து கற்றுக்கொள்ள வேண்டும்.ஆம் அப்பு, நான் இதை நினைவில் கொண்டுள்ளேன். 95 தந்தை : மிக நன்று. கார்த்திக் ஒரு தொழிநுட்ப நிபுணர். அவர் தன்னுடைய உடல் குறைபாடு, தான் கல்வி பயிலுவதை தடுக்க அனுமதிக்கவில்லை . அதுமட்டுமல்ல, இது போல் உடற்குறைபாடுகள் உள்ள மற்றோரையும் வெற்றிகரமான தகவல் தொழில்நுட்ப பொறியாளர்களாக மாற்றியுள்ளார்.

Farhan: What disability?Father: Kartik is blind. Let me tell you the story of his childhood. Kartik studied in Delhi Public School in New Delhi. He was a smart and bright student. Kartik did well in all subjects but he liked science the most. Everything was good for Kartik till his 10th standard After scorina full marks in 10th standard public exam, Kartik wanted to study Science in 11th and 12th standard.

பர்ஹான் : உடற்குறைபாடு என்றால் என்ன? தந்தை : கார்த்திக் கண் பார்வை அற்றவர். அவருடைய கதையை நான் உனக்கு கூறுகிறேன். டெல்லி பப்ளிக்பள்ளியில் படித்த அவர் ஒரு சாமர்த்தியமான, சிறந்த மாணவர். கார்த்திக் எல்லா பாடங்களிலும் சிறப்பாக தேர்ந்திருந்தாலும், அவருக்கு அறிவியல் தான் மிகவும் பிடிக்கும். பத்தாம் வகுப்பு பயிலும் வரை கார்த்திக்குக்கு அனைத்தும் சிறப்பாக இருந்தது. பத்தாம் வகுப்பிற்கான பொதுத் ‘ தேர்வில் முழு மதிப்பெண்கள் எடுத்ததும், கார்த்திக் அறிவியல் பாடமாகக் கொண்டு 11 மற்றும் 12ம் வகுப்பு படிக்க எண்ணினார்

Farhan: I am sure, he got it. He got full marks in 10th exams! Father: No. Actually, the government rule in Delhi did not allow blind children to study science after 10th standard. Farhan: I do not think that’s fair. Everyone should be able to study what they like! Father: This is what Kartik also felt. He loved Science, and he wanted to study that. He refused to let his disability come in the way: He challenged the government and held campaigns to get permission. Finally, after nine months, he get permission to study science. Not only that, he made sure that all blind students have permission to study Science if they want!

பர்ஹான் : அவருக்கு அது நிச்சயம் கிடைத்திருக்கும்.ஏனெனில் அவர் 10ம் வகுப்பு தேர்வுகளில் முழு மதிப்பெண்களை பெற்றிருந்தாரே!தந்தை : இல்லை . ஏனெனில் தில்லியில் உள்ள அரசு விதிப்படி, பார்வை இழந்த மாணவர்கள் பத்தாம்வகுப்பிற்கு பிறகு அறிவியல் பயில இயலாது. பர்ஹான் : இது சரியல்ல என்று நான் எண்ணுகிறேன். தான் விரும்புவதை படிக்க அனைவராலும் இயலவேண்டும். தந்தை : இதையேதான் கார்த்திக்கும் நினைத்தார். அவருக்கு அறிவியல் படிக்க விருப்பம் இருந்ததால், அதை பயில அவர் விரும்பினார். அதற்கு தன் உடற்குறைபாடு குறுக்கிடுவதை அவர் விரும்பவில்லை.அனுமதி பெறுவதற்காக அவர் அரசை எதிர்த்து பல பிரசார கூட்டங்களை நடத்தினார். முடிவில் ஒன்பது மாதங்களுக்குப் பிறகு அறிவியல் பயில அவருக்கு அனுமதி கிட்டியது. அது மட்டுமல்ல, மற்ற பார்வையற்ற மாணவர்களும் விரும்பும் பட்சத்தில் அறிவியல்பயிலுவதை அவர் உறுதிப்படுத்தினார்.

Farhan: Wow! 9 months is so long! I am sure I would have given up. Father: Change takes time Farhan. We should take work hard and be patient if we want to see change happen around us. Like Kartik was the first blind student in India to study Science. Farhan: What did Kartik do after that? Father: Kartik’s dream and passion were never limited. His love for Science helped him get more than 95% in his 12th board exam. His dream was to study in an IIT. IIT is one of the best colleges in our country! Farhan: I want to study in IIT too!

பர்ஹான் : வாவ்! ஒன்பது மாதங்களுக்கு பிறகா! நானாக இருந்தால் கைவிட்டிருப்பேன்!தந்தை : மாறுதலுக்கு காலம் தேவைப்படும் பர்ஹான். எவ்வாறு கார்த்திக் இந்தியாவில் அறிவியல் பயின்ற முதல் பார்வையற்ற மாணவராய் ஆனாரோ, அதே போல நம்மை சுற்றி மாற்றம்ஏற்படுவதைகாண வேண்டுமென்றால், அதற்கு நாம் கடுமையானஉழைப்புடன், பொறுமையோடும் இருக்க வேண்டும். பர்ஹான் : அதன் பிறகு கார்த்திக் என்ன செய்தார்? தந்தை : கார்த்திக்கின் கனவும், விருப்பமும் அளவிலடங்காதவை. அறிவியலின் மீதான அவரது விருப்பம் 12ம் வகுப்பு தேர்வில் அவரை 95% மதிப்பெண்க ளுக்கும் மேல் பெற வைத்தது. ஐஐடியில் படிப்பது அவருடைய கனவாக இருந்தது. ஐஐடி நாட்டின்தலைசிறந்த கல்லூரிகளில் ஒன்றாகும். பர்ஹான் : நானும் ஐஐடியில் பயில விரும்புகிறேன்.

Father: Good! But only if you want to study Science. Every subject has different best colleges. We will talk about that some other day. So, as I was saying, he wanted to study in the IIT But, none of the sixteen IITs in India enrolled him.

தந்தை : நல்லது. ஆனால் அது நீ அறிவியல் பயில் விரும்பினால் மட்டுமே! ஒவ்வொரு பாடத்திற்கும் பலசிறந்த கல்லூரிகள் உள்ளன. அதைப் பற்றி நாம் வேறொரு நாள் பேசுவோம். எனவே, நான் கூறியது போல, அவர் ஐஐடியில் படிக்க விரும்பினார், ஆனால் நாட்டில் உள்ள 16 ஐஐடிகளில் எதுவும் அவரை சேர்த்துக் கொள்ளவில்லை .

Farhan: What? Again? Father: Yes, Kartik was sincere and learned well. He was also very good at Science. But our colleges did not recognise his talent and treated him unfairly.

பர்ஹான் : ஏன்? மறுபடியுமா? தந்தை : ஆம், கார்த்திக் உண்மையானவராகவும்நன்கு பயில்பவராகவும் இருந்தார். அவர் அறிவியலில் மிகச் சிறந்தவர். ஆனாலும் நம் கல்லூரிகள் அவரது திறமையை அங்கீகரிக்காமல், அவரை நியாயமின்றி நடத்தின.

Farhan: Then? Did he change their mind Father: Yes, he did! After many months too? he made the colleges open their doors to blind students. This helped nearly 15 blind students to study engineering in these colleges. I Farhan: He must be a strong person. Father: Yes, he is strong. He is strong in his beliefs and learnings. He is strong in the effort he puts. What do you think he did after that? Farhan: He must have studied in the IIT. Father: No, he did not. He got an admission to study at Stanford University in the USA. It is one of the best colleges in the world. He went there and studied computers. Farhan: Amazing!

பர்ஹான் : பிறகு? அவர் அவர்களின் மனதையும் மாற்றிவிட்டாரா? தந்தை : ஆம், அவர்களின் மனதையும் மாற்றிவிட்டார்.பல மாதங்களுக்கு பிறகு கல்லூரிகள் பார்வையற்ற மாணவர்களுக்கும் தங்கள் கதவுகளை திறக்க அனுமதி பெற்றார். இதன்மூலம் சுமார் 15 பார்வையற்ற மாணவர்கள் பொறியியல் படிக்இணைந்தனர். பர்ஹான் : அவர் மிகவும் உறுதியான மனிதராக இருக்க வேண்டும்.  தந்தை : ஆம்! அவர் வலிமையானவர் தான். அவர்தனது நம்பிக்கைகளிலும், அறியும் திறனிலும் உறுதியானவராய் இருந்தார். தான் எடுக்கும் முயற்சிகளில் அவர் உறுதியானவராய் இருந்தார். இதன் பிறகு அவர் என்ன செய்தாரென்று தெரியுமா? பர்ஹான் : அவர் ஐஐடில் பயின்றிருப்பார்! தந்தை : இல்லை , அவர் அவ்வாறு செய்யவில்லை.அமெரிக்காவில் உள்ள ஸ்டேன்போர்ட் பல்கலை கழகத்தில் பயில்வதற்கு அவருக்கு அனுமதி கிடைத்தது. உலகின் சிறந்த கல்லூரிகளில் அதுவும் ஒன்றாகும்.அங்கு அவர் சென்று கணினி படிப்பை படித்தார். பர்ஹான் : அற்புதம்!

Father: He also started two more companies that aim at helping children with disabilities reach their full potential. He believes that education and technology are important to ensure children learn and sustain themselves. He says that he will try for many more months and years to come to make sure that all the 130 crore people reach their full potential. Farhan: He is inspiring. I will also work hard and achieve my dreams, even if I don’t always have the support I need Father: Very good! If we work hard, there will always be support for us. Sometimes the support comes from outside, but many times it comes from within us. Now, go get ready. It is time to go to school. Farhan: Yes Abbu.

தந்தை : ஊனமுற்ற, குறைபாடுள்ள குழந்தைகள் தங்களுடைய முழு திறமை (சாதனை) களைஅடைய உதவுவதற்காக இரண்டு நிறுவனங்களைத் துவங்கினார். கல்வி, தொழில்நுட்பம் ஆகிய இரண்டுமே, குழந்தைகள் பயின்று தங்களை நிலைநிறுத்திக் கொள்ள முக்கியமானவையாகும் என அவர்நம்பினார். பல மாதங்களும், வருடங்களும் உழைத்து 130 கோடி மக்களும் தங்கள் முழு திறனை அடைவதனை உறுதிசெய்ய தாம் முயலப் போவதாகவும் அவர் தெரிவித்தார். மனிதராக உள்ளார். நானும் கடுமையாய் உழைத்து என் கனவுகளை, ஆதரவு இல்லாவிட்டாலும்கூட தந்தை : மிகவும் நல்லது. நாம் கடுமையாய்உழைத்தால் நமக்கு எப்போதும் ஆதரவு கிட்டும். சில 12 நேரங்களில் அது வெளியிலிருந்து வரும், ஆனால் பல நேரங்களில் நம் உள்ளிருந்தே வரும். இப்போது பள்ளி செல்லும் நேரமாகிவிட்டதால், தயாராகு. பர்ஹான் : சரி, அப்பா .

The Struggling Star Glossary

Campaigns – activities for some specific purpose
Disability – handicap
Empowered – to give the authority or power
Ensure – to make sure
Enrolled – to be listed
Favourite – most liked
Inspiring – to influence/attract
Potential – talent / ability
Permission – approval
Passion – desire
Recognize – to know/ accept someone or something
Sustain – keep going
Successful – victorious
Sincere – honest
Unfairly – unjust

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf Geography Term 3 Chapter 2 Map Reading Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Term 3 Chapter 2 Map Reading

7th Social Science Guide Map Reading Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The science of map making is called …………………..
a) Geography
b) Cartography
c) Physiography
d) Physical Geography
Answer:
b) Cartography

Question 2.
North, South, East and West are four directions are called as
a) Cardinal
b) Geographical
c) Latitudinal
d) Angels
Answer:
a) Cardinal

Question 3.
Cultural maps are those which shows the ………………….. features.
a) Natural
b) Man – made
c) Artificial
d) Environmental
Answer:
b) Man – made

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ………………….. is an essential tool of a geographer.
Answer:
Map

2. The directions in between the cardinal directions are the inter mediate …………………..
Answer:
directions

3. …………………..in a map which explains the different colours and symbols used in it.
Answer:
Legand

4. Cadastral maps are known as …………………..
Answer:
Village and Town Maps

5. Small scale maps are helpful to us to show large areas like ………………….. and …………………..
Answer:
Continents, Countries

III. Circle the odd one:

1. North East, Scale, North West and East.
2. White, Snow, High land, and Plains.
3. Relief map, Soil map, Physical map and Atlas.
4. Weather Forecasting, Climate, Rainfall and Temperature.
Answer:

IV. Match the following:

A	B
1. Upper right comer	a) Density and growth
2. Key (or) legend	b) District (or) town
3. Large Scale map	c) Natural relief features
4. Physical map	d) Colours and Symbols
5, Population map	e) ‘N’ letter

Answer:

A	B
1. Upper right comer	e) ‘N’ letter
2. Key (or) legend	d) Colours and Symbols
3. Large Scale map	b) District (or) town
4. Physical map	c) Natural relief features
5, Population map	a) Density and growth

V. Examine the Following Statements:

Question 1.
1. An Atlas is a bound volume of different types of maps
2. Atlas maps are drawn on smaller scale
3. Insignificant details are omitted
a) 1 and 3 are correct
b) 2 and 3 are correct
c) 1 and 2 are correct
d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Answer:
d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct

Question 2.
Statement I : Globe is a three dimensional model of the Earth.
Statement II : It is easy to handle and to carry. As it can be rolled up or folded.
a) Statement I is correct and II is wrong.
b) Statement I is wrong and II is correct
c) Both the statements are correct.
d) Both the statements are wrong.
Answer:
a) Statement I is correct and II is wrong.

VI. Name the following:

1. Representing the earth on a flat surface.
Answer:
Map

2. Ratio between the distance on a map and distance on the ground.
Answer:
Scale

3. Symbols which help to show road ways and railways.
Answer:

4. A book which contains different kinds of maps.
Answer:
Atlas

5. A map which shows administration divisions.
Answer:
Political map

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What is a map?
Answer:

1. Map is a representation of the earth as a whole or a part of the earth drawn on a flat surface according to a given scale.
2. It can show continents, countries, cities and even a local area are drawn with specific details.

Question 2.
What is cartography?
Answer:
The science of map-making is called cartography (carte means map and graphic means drawing’). One who draws maps is called a Cartographer.

Question 3.
What are the cardinal directions?
Answer:
East and West, North and South.

Question 4.
What is an Atlas?
Answer:

• Atlas is a collection of maps in a book.
• Atlas maps are small-scale maps covering large areas like continents and countries.
• Only prominent relief features, main roads and railways important towns are shown in Atlas maps.
• The study of geographic characteristics of a large area is possible at the time with the help of an atlas.

Question 5.
Name the types of Atlas.
Answer:

1. School Atlas
2. Advanced Atlas
3. Regional Atlas
4. National Atlas.

Question 6.
What are the uses of maps?
Answer:

• Maps enable us to know the details of the landforms.
• Maps help the military personnel to campaigns.
• It is used in airplanes and ships.
• Maps are used for weather forecasting.

VIII. Answer in Detail:

Question 1.
What are the elements of maps? Write about it?
Answer:
The basic essential elements of a map are title, direction, scale and legend (or) key and signs and symbols.
Title:

• Every map has a title that describes the information given in the map.
• For example: India River.

Direction:

• In general maps are drawn with North orientation.
• It helps us to find other direction on the map like East, West and South.

Scale:

• The scale of a map is the ratio between the distance on the map between two points and actual distance between the two places on the ground.
• For example: 1 cm = 10km.

Question 2.
What are the three ways of representation of maps?
Answer:

• A map is an essential tool for a geographer.
• The map is a representation of the earth as a whole or a part of the earth drawn on a flat surface according to a given scale.
• It can show continents, countries, cities, and even a local area are drawn with specific details.
• It is easy to handle and carry as it can be rolled up (or) folded and stored in computers.

Question 3.
Classify the maps based on functions.
Answer:
The maps based on functions are:

• Relief, geology, soils, drainage, elements weather, and vegetation.
• Relief maps
• Geological maps
• Climatic maps
• Soil maps
• Cultural maps
• Political maps
• Population maps
• Economic maps
• Transportation maps
• Thematic maps

Question 4.
Write about the comparison of map and Globe.
Answer:
Map

1. A map is a two – dimensional form of the Earth.
2. A map shows a small or a large area.
3. A map can show detailed information about the area.
4. A map is very easy to carry.

Globe

1. A globe is three – dimensional model of the Earth.
2. A globe is a true model of the earth.
3. A globe cannot show detailed information for an area.
4. A globe is not easy to carry.

Question 5.
Describe the types of maps based on the scale? Write about it?
Answer:

• Based on Scale maps are two types.
• Large scale maps
• Short scale maps

Large scale maps:

• It shows small areas in greater detail because they are drawn on a relatively large scale.
• Cadastral maps are village and town maps.
• Topographical maps show smaller areas in much greater detail about the small areas.

Small scale maps:

• It shows large areas like continents or countries.
• These maps are drawn on 1 cm = 1000 km. These are called small-scale maps.
• Wall maps are small-scale maps showing large areas.
• Atlas is a collection of maps in a book. Atlas maps are small-scale maps covering large areas like continents and countries.

IX. HOTs:

Question 1.
Map is an essential tool for a traveler why?
Answer:
Map is an essential tool for a traveller, It helps a traveller to find out direction. It also tells about the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of a place. It helps one to locate a place easily and follow the correct travelling route.

X. Activity:

Question 2.
Draw the convectional signs and symbols to given points
a) Bridge
b) Canal
c) Dam
d) Temple
e) Forest
f) Railway Station
Answer:

7th Social Science Guide Map Reading Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer:

Question 1.
………………….. portraits political boundaries of different countries and states.
a) Religion atlas
b) Soil maps
c) National atlas
d) Maps
Answer:
d) Maps

Question 2.
The map-maker is called…………………..
a) Photographer
b) Cartographer
c) Pictograph
d) Sonographer
Answer:
b) Cartographer

Question 3.
………………….. contains detailed maps of a country.
a) Religion atlas
b) Soil maps
c) National atlas
d) Climatic maps
Answer:
c) National atlas

Question 4.
………………….. are drawn to show geological structures, rocks, and minerals.
a) Relief maps
b) Soil maps
c) Geographical maps
d) Thematic maps
Answer:
c) Geographical maps

Question 5.
In general, maps are drawn with………………….. orientation
a) North
b) South
c) East
d) West
Answer:
a) North

Question 6.
The features of White colour in Map is …………………..
a) Snow
b) Cloud
c) Rain
d) Water
Answer:
a) Snow

Question 7.
The features of ………………….. colour in Map is Waterbodies.
a) Blue
b) Green
c) White
d) Yellow
Answer:
a) Blue

Question 8.
The features of ………………….. colour in Map is Railway line
a) Black
b) Red
c) Blue
d) Green
Answer:
a) Black

Question 9.
A ………………….. is a widely used symbol or a line pattern or a colour on a map.
a) Volcanoes
b) Forts
c) Sign
d) lakes
Answer:
c) Sign

Question 10.
Maps help the ………………….. personnel to campaigns.
a) Military
b) Government
c) Disasters
d) Schools
Answer:
a) Military

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. A ……………………. is an essential tool of a geographer.
Answer:
Map

2. ………………….. show small areas in greater details because they are drawn on a relatively large scale.
Answer:
Large scale maps

3. …………………..are village and town maps.
Answer:
Cadastral maps

4. ………………….. shows smaller areas in much greater details about a small area.
Answer:
Topographical maps

5. …………………. that show large areas like continent or countries.
Answer:
Small scale maps

6. ………………….. are small-scale maps showing large areas.
Answer:
Wall maps

7. …………………..is a collection of maps in a book.
Answer:
Atlas

8. ………………….. is a web-based service that provides detailed information about geographical regions and sites around the world.
Answer:
Digital Maps

9. map 1 cm is equal to …………………… km on the grand.
Answer:
10 Km

10. The features of ………………….. colour in Map is agriculture.
Answer:
Yellow

11. The features of ………………….. colour in Map is Forest.
Answer:
Green

12. The features of ………………….. colour in Map is Mountain, Hill, and Contour.
Answer:
Brown

13. The features of ………………….. colour in Map is Settlements, Road.
Answer:
Red

14. On the map police station is denoted by the symbol …………………..
Answer:
Ps

15. Maps are used for …………………..
Answer:
weather forecasting

III. Match the following:

A	B
1. Maps	a) Detailed information sites
2. Early times material	b) Snow
3. Red	c) papyrus
4. White	d) Cartography
5. Digital maps	e) Settlements roads

Answer:

A	B
1. Maps	d) Cartography
2. Early times material	c) papyrus
3. Red	e) Settlements roads
4. White	b) Snow
5. Digital maps	a) Detailed information sites

IV. Examine the Following Statements:

Question 1.
Statement – 1: In general Maps are drawn with North orientation.
Statement – 2: The North is Notified by the letter ‘S’ with an arrow mark.
a) Statement I is correct and II is wrong.
b) Statement I is wrong and II is correct
c) Both the statements are correct.
d) Both the statements are wrong.
Answer:
a) Statement I is correct and II is wrong

V. Answer the following:

Question 1.
How Maps are drawn in early times?
Answer:
In the early times, various materials such as animal skin, cloth, parchment, papyrus, wet earth and clay tablets were used to make maps.

Question 2.
Write a short note on Digital maps.
Answer:
Digital map is a web-based service that provides detailed information about geographical regions and sites around the world.

Question 3.
Define Globe.
Answer:

• A globe is a three-dimensional model of the Earth.
• A globe cannot show detailed information for an area.
• A globe is not easy to carry.

VII. Answer in Detail:

Question 1.
What are the features of colours on the map?
Answer:

Colours	Features
1. White	Snow
2. Yellow	Agriculture
3. Green	Forest
4. Blue	Water bodies (oceans, seas, and rivers)
5. Brown	Mountain, Hill, and Contour
6. Red	Settlements, Road
7. Black	Railway line

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Prose Chapter 2 Bala Spins Magic Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 2 Bala Spins Magic

4th English Guide Bala Spins Magic Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
Appa weaves beautiful sarees with _______________
Answer:
Checks or patterns

Question 2.
____________ had made Math easy for Bala.
Answer:
Veera thatha

Question 3.
Nithin had many ___________ toys.
Answer:
Electrical

Question 4.
Bala’s home doesn’t have ___________
Answer:
Electricity

Question 5.
Nithin’s mom said that Bala’s father is a _____________
Answer:
Weaving

B. Answer the questions.

Question 1.
What did Bala want to learn?
Answer:
Bala wanted to learn more about things related to their weaving profession.

Question 2.
How did Bala help Amma and sisters?
Answer:
Bala helped his Amma and sisters to roll, press and pack the sarees.

Question 3.
Why did Bala go to Chennai with his father?
Answer:
Bala went to Chennai with his father to help him carry the sarees.

Question 4.
What did Bala teach Nithin?
Answer:
Bala taught Nithin to spin the cotton yarn.

Question 5.
What would you like to learn in school? why?
Answer:
Apart from academics, I would like to learn drawing and painting in school. Because it will relax our mind.

I. Match the word with its meaning.

Question 1.
Quiet – packages
Answer:
Quiet – calm

Question 2.
Rich – calm
Answer:
Rich – wealthy

Question 3.
Bundles – wealthy
Answer:
Bundles – packages

II. Link the correct opposites.

Question 1.
long × after
Answer:
long × short

Question 2.
Before × less
Answer:
before × after

Question 3.
more × short
Answer:
more × less

III. Choose the correct option.

Question 1.
Bala and his family lived in ____________ village.
(a) Nemam
(b) Seriya Negamam
(c) Periya Negamam
Answer:
(c) Periya Negamam

Question 2.
Bala’s family profession was
(a) Fishing .
(b) Weaving
(c) Herding
Answer:
(b) Weaving

Question 3.
Bala’s parents weave bundles of ____________ into beautiful sarees.
(a) Cotton
(b) Silk
(c) Rayons
Answer:
(a) Cotton

Question 4.
Bala and his father left Coimbatore junction in a ___________ to Chennai.
(a) Bus
(b) Train
(c) Van
Answer:
(b) Train

Question 5.
They went to Purasaiwalkam, where Appa’s __________ lived.
(a) Brother
(b) Sister
(c) Friend
Answer:
(c) Friend

IV. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
Bala could not read the big ____________ put in the city.
Answer:
Instructions

Question 2.
Nithin struggled but soon learnt to __________
Answer:
Spin

Question 3.
Bala’s family came from a long line of _________ weavers.
Answer:
Handloom

Question 4.
Appa was showing the ___________ to the aunty and trying to sell it to her.
Answer:
Saree

V. Write True or False.

Question 1.
Bala saw Appa and Amma weave bundles of cotton into beautiful sarees.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The train journey was very comfortable for Bala.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Bala dug Appa’s bag to get some saree.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Nithin struggled but soon learnt to spin.
Answer:
True

VI. Identify the speaker / character.

Question 1.
“Don’t worry Bala. Our return will be more comfortable”.
Answer:
Bala’s Appa to Bala

Question 2.
“Mom! There’s a man with two bundles to meet you”.
Answer:
Nithin to his mom

Question 3.
“This is Rattai”.
Answer:
Bala to Nithin

Question 4..
“Well naturally, his father is a magician too”.
Answer:
Nithin’s mom to Nithin

VII. Answer the questions.

Question 1.
Where did Bala and his family live?
Answer:
Bala’s family lived in a tiled roof house at Periya Negamam village, near Pollachi.

Question 2.
What do you know about Bala’s family?
Answer:
Bala’s family came from a long line of handloom weavers. They workedm hard and perfected the art of drawing, dying, warping and weaving the yarn.

Question 3.
Why did Bala and Appa go to Chennai?
Answer:
Bala and Appa went to Chennai with bags of sarees to sell them directly to the ladies in Chennai for a better price than they sell to the traders in Pollachi or Coimbatore.

Question 4.
Explain the journey to Chennai by Appa and Bala.
Answer:
Appa and Bala walked to the Periya Negamam bus stop. They waited nearly one hour there for the bus to take them to Coimbatore junction. From there, they left by train to Chennai.

Question 5.
How did Appa try to sell the saree to Nithin’s mother?
Answer:
Appa showed the saree to Nithin’s mother. He made each saree sound special and unique. He even draped the saree over him to show the design.

Question 6.
Describe Nithin’s room.
Answer:
Nithin’s room was full of toys. Most of his toys had some electrical control. In one corner of the room there was a spinning wheel.

Question 7.
How did Bala spin yarn?
Answer:
Bala took cotton fluff and attached to the spinning wheel. He moved his fingers skillfully and turned the wheel all the while, to make the yarn.

Question 8.
Why did Nithin’s mother call Bala’s Appa a real magician?
Answer:
Nithin’s mother called Bala’s Appa as a real weaving magician because he had woven beautiful unique sarees which she had bought.

A. Let us learn a few more words by joining the dots. Join the dots and fill the table below.

Question 1.

Answer:

1. Subway – underground
2. Holiday – vacation
3. Closet – curtains
4. Chips – fries
5. Pants – trousers

B. Write the words with same meaning.

Question 1.

Eraser ___________
Answer:
Rubber

Question 2.

Post ___________
Answer:
Mail

Question 3.

dustbin __________
Answer:
Trash can

Question 4.

purse ___________
Answer:
Wallet

Question 5.

tap ____________
Answer:
Faucet

Question 6.

pant _______
Answer:
Trousers

Question 7.

chips ___________
Answer:
Fries

Question 8.

Queue ___________
Answer:
Line

Write the words with same meaning Additional Questions and Answer.

Question 1.
Cot __________
Answer:
Crib

Question 2.
Carpet __________
Answer:
Rug

Question 3.
Fever ___________
Answer:
Sick

Question 4.
Mobile phone __________
Answer:
Cell phone

Question 5.
Timetable _________
Answer:
Schedule

Question 6.
Toilet ___________
Answer:
Restroom

Question 7.
veranda _____________
Answer:
Porch

Bala Spins Magic Summary in English and Tamil

It was a hot afternoon in the quiet village of Periva Naamam near Pollachi The village has tiled roof houses. Bala and his family lived in one such house. He sat under a tree, waiting for his father. He was going with Appa on a long journey.

பொள்ளாச்சிக்கு அருகே பெரிய நெகமம் என்கிற அமைதியான கிராமத்தில் அது ஒரு வெப்பமான மதியநேரம். ஓடுகளால் வேயப்பட்ட கூறை வீடுகளைக் கொண்டது அந்த கிராமம். அதுபோன்ற ஒரு வீட்டில், பாலா தன் குடும்பத்தினருடன் வசித்து வந்தான். தன் தந்தையாருடன் வெகுதூர பயணம் செய்யவிருந்த அவன், ஒரு மரத்தடியில் காத்திருந்தான்.

A fly buzzed near his ear. The pleasant chade of the tree alone with the steady click-clack of the handlooms from the huts nearby made him feel sleepy. He wondered if he could catch some sleep before Appa arrived.

அவன் காதருகே ஒரு பூச்சி பறந்தது. மரங்களின் இதமான நிழலும், கைத்தறி இயக்கத்தின் ‘க்ளிக் -க்ளக்’ என்கிற சீரான சத்தமும், அவனுக்குதூக்கத்தை வரவழைத்துவிட்டது. அவன் தந்தை வருவதற்குள் சிறிது நேரம் உறங்கலாம் என அவன் நினைத்தான்.

Bala, like most of the children in his village, went to school but always wanted to learn more about things related to their family profession weaving. Veera bunches thatha had made math easy for Bala by using skeins of yarn in bunches, sometimes adding all the blue skeins and subtracting the yellow skeins and then doubling the reds and taking away the greens. Bala thought, “This was a fun way to learn Math!”

மற்ற குழந்தைகளைப் போல பாலாவும் பள்ளிக்கு சென்றாலும், தங்களுடைய குலத்தொழிலான நெசவைபற்றி நிறைய அறிந்துகொள்ள அவன் விரும்பினான். மிக எளிதாக கணிதத்தை, தறிநூல் கொத்துக்களை நிறவாரியாக பிரிப்பதின் மூலம் (நீல நிற கொத்துகளை கூட்டுதல், மஞ்சள் நிறத்தை கழித்தல், சிவப்பு நிற கொத்துகளை இரட்டிப்பாக்குதல் மற்றும் பச்சை நிற கொத்துக்களை அகற்றுதல்) அவனுடையவீரா தாத்தா அவனுக்கு சொல்லிக் கொடுத்தார். கணிதத்தை உற்சாகமாய் பயில இதுவும் ஒரு சுலபமான வழிமுறை என்று பாலாவுக்கு தோன்றியது.

Bala’s family came from a long line of handloom weavers. They had perfected the art of drawing, dying, warping and weaving Tne yarn. BUT IT was a hard work. Unless Bala, his mother, father, sisters and cousins helped with the work, could never weave the lengths, he needed.

பாலாவின் குடும்பம், பெரிய தறி நெசவாளர்களின் வழிவந்ததாகும். அவர்கள் வரைதல், சாயமேற்றுதல்,பாவு தோய்த்தல் மற்றும் நூல் நெய்தல் ஆகியவற்றில் முழு நிறைவாகப் பணி செய்யக்கூடியவர்கள் (நிபுணத்துவம் பெற்றவர்கள்). ஆனால் அந்த பணிகள் கடுமையானவையாகும். பாலா, அவன் தாயார், Appa தந்தையார், சகோதரிகள் மற்றும் ஒன்றுவிட்ட உறவினர்ஆகியோர் உதவாவிட்டால், தனியாக அவனது தந்தையாரால் தேவைப்படும் அளவுக்கு நீளமாகநெய்ய இயலாது.

Bala would often see Appa and Amma weave bundles of cotton into beautiful sarees with checks or patterns. He hoped to weave someday. He would also help Amma and sisters, roll, press pack the sarees.

பருத்தி நூல் கட்டுகளைக் கொண்டு கட்டங்களும், வடிவமைப்புகளும் கொண்ட சிறந்த சேலைகளாகபருத்தி நூல் கட்டுகளைக் கொண்டு கட்டங்களும், வடிவமைப்புகளும் கொண்ட சிறந்த சேலைகளாகஅப்பாவும், அம்மாவும் நெய்வதை அவன் கண்டிருக்கிறான். ஒருநாள் தானும் அவ்வாறு செய்வேன் எனவும் அவன் நம்பியிருக்கிறான். தன்னுடைய தாயார் and மற்றும் சகோதரர்களுக்கும், அவன் புடவைகளை மடிக்கவும், இஸ்திரி போட்டு கட்டவும் உதவுவான்.

Bala wondered, “Amma, why you never wear the beautiful sarees we make?”. Amma said, “I can do that only if we become a very rich family.” Bala woke up suddenly as he felt someone tap his head.”Are you ready to go?”, asked Appa. “Yes Appa.”, said Bala and started counting the bags around him.

தன் அம்மாவிடம் அவன் “ஏன் எப்போதுமே நாம் நெய்கிற புது சேலைகளை நீ அணிவதில்லை?” என்று கேட்டான். (அவன் தாயார் அதற்கு “நாமபணக்காரராக ஆனால் மட்டுமே அவ்வாறு என்னால் அணிய முடியும்” என்று கூறுவார். அவன் தலையில் யாரோ தட்டுவதை உணர்ந்து பாலாவிழித்தெழுந்தான். “நீ கிளம்ப தயாராகி விட்டாயா?” என அவன் அப்பா கேட்டார். “ஆம், அப்பா” என கூறிய அவன், தன்னை சுற்றியிருந்தபைகளைஎண்ண ஆரம்பித்தான்.

Bala.was going with Appa to Chennai to help him carry the sarees. Appa said “We will get a better price for the sarees, if we sell directly to ladies in Chennai than to traders in Pollachi or Coimbatore.”

தன் தந்தையார் சென்னைக்கு சேலைகளை கொண்டு செல்வதற்கு உதவ பாலாவும் சென்று கொண்டிருந்தான்.”பொள்ளாச்சி அல்லது கோயமுத்தூரில் உள்ள வியாபாரிகளுக்கு விற்பதைவிட, சென்னையில் உள்ள பெண்ம ணிகளுக்கு நேரடியாக சேலைகளை விற்றால் நல்ல விலை கிடைக்கும்,” என்றார் அப்பா.

They walked to the bus stop and had to wait for nearly one hour for the bus. It took them to Coimbatore and from there they left in a train tojunction, Chennai. The train journey was not very comfortable. “Don’t worry Bala. Our return will be more comfortable as we will be able to reserve tickets,” said Appa. They reached Chennai and went to Purasaiwalkam, where Appa’s friend lived.

பேருந்து நிறுத்தம் நோக்கி நடந்து சென்ற அவர்கள் ஒரு மணிநேரம் காத்திருந்து பேருந்தை பிடித்து கோயமுத்தூர் சந்திப்பை அடைந்தனர். அதன்பின், சென்னைக்கு ரெயில் மூலம் புறப்பட்டனர். பாலாவுக்கு அந்த ரெயில் பயணம் வசதியாக இல்லை . “கவலைப்படாதே பாலா, நாம் திரும்ப வரும்போது பயணச்சீட்டை ரிசர்வ் செய்யப்போவதால் பயணம் சௌகரியமாக இருக்கும்” என்றார் அவன் தந்தை. சென்னையை சென்றடைந்தஅவர்கள், பாலாவின் தந்தையின் நண்பர் வசிக்கும் புரசைவாக்கம் பகுதிக்கு சென்றனர்.

The next morning Appa was ready with places to visit to sell the sarees. Bala anooe Rala could not read the big instructions in the sign board and hence held his father tightly.

மறுநாள் காலையில், புடவை விற்பதற்காக செல்ல வேண்டிய இடங்களை அவனது தந்தையார் தயாராககுறித்துவைத்திருந்தார்.நகரில்வைக்கப்பட்டிருந்த பெரிய வழிமுறைகளை பாலாவால் படிக்க இயலாததால், அவன் தன் தந்தையின் கரங்களை அழுத்தமாக பற்றிக்கொண்டான்.

Soon, they reached a big house after what seemed like many hours. The auard at the door let them in. They sat in a big hall and unpacked the sarees. A young boy saw them and called out saying, “Mom! There’s a man with two bundles to meet you.”

வெகுநேரம் ஆனது போல் தோன்றினாலும், அவர்கள் சிறிது நேரத்தில் ஒரு பெரிய வீட்டினை அடைந்தனர். அந்த வீட்டின் காவலாளி அவர்களை உள்ளே அனுமதித்தான், அவர்கள் ஒரு பெரிய வரவேற்பறையை அடைந்து அங்கு அமர்ந்து சேலைகளைப் பிரித்தனர். ஒரு சிறுவன் அவர்களை கண்டதும் “அம்மா , ஒருவர் இரு மூட்டைத் துணிகளுடன் உன்னை சந்திக்க வந்துள்ளார்” என்றான்.

Appa was showing the saree to the aunty and tryina to sell it to her. He made each saree sound special and unique. He even draped the saree over him to show the design. Soon, the other boy asked, “Mom, can I ask the boy to come and play with me?”

அங்கு வந்த ஒரு பெண்மணியிடம் அவனது தந்தை புடவைகளைக் காட்டி, விற்க முயன்று கொண்டிருந்தார்.ஒவ்வொரு சேலையையும் அவர் தனிச் சிறப்பாக செய்திருந்தார். அந்த சேலைகளை தன்மேல்தொங்கவிட்டு, அதன் வடிவத்தைக் காண்பித்தார்.அந்த பெண்மணியின் மகன் “அம்மா, நான் இந்த பையனுடன் (பாலாவைக் காட்டி விளையாடலாமா?” என கேட்டான்.

“What is your name?” asked the boy. “Periya Negamam Balakumaran,” said Bala. “What’s yours?” “Nithin,” said the boy. Nithin’s room was full of toys. Nithin let Bala play with all the toys. Most toys had some electrical control. Since Bala’s home does not have electricity, he did not know to play with most of the toys.

“உன் பெயர் என்ன?” என்று அந்த சிறுவன் கேட்க, “பெரிய நெகமம் பாலகுமாரன்” என்றான் பாலா.பதிலுக்கு “உன் பெயர் என்ன?” என்று அவனை பாலா கேட்டான்.”நிதின்” என்று அவன் பதிலளித்தான். நிதினின் அறை முழுவதும் பொம்மைகள் இருந்தன.அவற்றை எடுத்து விளையாட பாலாவை அவன் அனுமதித்தான். அந்த பொம்மைகளில் பல மின்சாரத்தில் இயங்கக் கூடியவை. பாலாவின் வீட்டில் மின்சாரம் இல்லாததால், அவனால் பெரும்பாலான
பொம்மைகளுடன் விளையாட இயலவில்லை.

In one corner, Bala saw a spinning wheel.Now, this was a toy he knew to play with! “Do you know what to do with it? I don’t know to play with it,” said Nithin. “This is Rattai. Do you have some cotton?”, asked Bala. Nithin did not have. Bala dug Appa’s bag to get some cotton. Bala took the cotton fluff and attached it to the spinning wheel, and turned the wheel all the while.

ஒரு மூலையில் அவன் ஒரு சுழலும் சக்கரத்தைக் அவன் அறிந்திருந்தான். “இதை வைத்துக்கொண்டு என்ன செய்ய வேண்டுமென உனக்குத் தெரியுமா? எனக்கு இதனுடன் எப்படி விளையாடுவதெனத் தெரியவில்லை ” என்றான் நிதின். “இது தான் ராட்டை. உன்னிடம் சிறிது பஞ்சு உள்ளதா?” என்று பாலா கேட்டான். நிதினிடம் அது இல்லை. பாலா தன் தந்தையின் பையில் துழாவி, சிறிது பஞ்சினை எடுத்தான். அந்த பஞ்சுத் திரியை எடுத்து சுழலும் சக்கரத்தில் இணைத்து தன் விரல்களைநயமாக (லேசாக) அசைத்து சக்கரத்தை சுழலவிட்டான்.

“You can do magic!”, shouted Nithin, “Can you teach me?” “Not like that. Do it this way. Here, hold this. Spin this!”‘, said Bala. Bala had a wide smile across his face. Nithin struaaled but soon learnt to spin. Soon they stepped out. Appa had sold many sarees to the aunty. “Mom! Mom! He taught me magic,” said Nithin. Aunty laughed and said, “Well naturally, his father is a magician too. A weaving magician.” “Yes! I will tell all my friends in school that a magician from Periya Negamam taught me this magic.”

“நீ மாயாஜாலமே செய்வாய் போல் உள்ளதே?” என்று சத்தமிட்டுச் சொன்ன நிதின், “இதை நீ எனக்குகற்றுத்தருவாயா?” என பாலாவைக் கேட்டான். “இது போல் அல்ல! இது போல் செய்ய வேண்டும். இப்படி பிடித்து சுழற்று,” என நிதினுக்கு, பாலா சொல்லிக் கொடுத்தான். நிதின் திணறுவதை பார்த்து பாலா பெரியதாகபுன்னகைத்தான், ஆனாலும் நிதின் சுற்றுவதைக்கற்றுக் கொண்டுவிட்டான். அவர்கள் அதன்பின் விரைவாக வெளியே வந்தனர். இதற்குள் பாலாவின் தந்தை நிறைய சேலைகளை அந்த பெண்மணிக்கு விற்றுவிட்டார். “அம்மா! அம்மா! இவன் எனக்கு மாயாஜால வித்தையை சொல்லிக் கொடுத்துவிட்டான்” என்றான் நிதின்.”இயற்கையாகவே அவனுக்கு அந்த திறமை இருக்கும்.ஏனெனில் அவனுடைய தந்தையாரும் துணி நெய்வதில் மாயாஜாலம் செய்வார்” என்று சிரித்தபடி கூறினாள் அவன் தாயார்.”அம்மா, நான் என் பள்ளி தோழர்களிடம், பெரிய நெகமத்திலிருந்து ஒரு மாயாஜால நிபுணன் வந்து எனக்கு இதை கற்றுக் கொடுத்தான் என கூறுவேன்” என்றான் நிதின்.

Bala Spins Magic Glossary

Buzzed – to make a vibrating sound
Drape – arrange loosely
Guard – watchman
Journey – travel
Naturally – natural manner
Press – iron
Profession – career
Reserve – to set apart for a particular person
Resided – lived
Subtract – take away from another to calculate difference
Traders – buyers / seller
Unique – special
Uncomfortable – causing physical pain
Warp – twist out of shape
Weave – form by interlacing long threads

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf History Term 2 Chapter 2 The Mughal Empire Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions History Term 2 Chapter 2 The Mughal Empire

7th Social Science Guide The Mughal Empire Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Who introduced the Persian style of architecture in India?
a) Humayun
b) Babur
c) Jahangir
d) Akbar
Answer:
b) Babur

Question 2.
In which battle did Akbar defeat Rana Pratap?
a) Panipat
b) Chausa
c) Haldighati
d) Kanauj
Answer:
c) Haldighati

Question 3.
Whose palace in Delhi was destroyed by Sher Shah?
a) Babur
b) Humayun
c) Ibrahim Lodi
d) Alam Khan
Answer:
b) Humayun

Question 4.
Who introduced Mansabdari system?
a) Sher Sha
b) Akbar
c) Jahangir
d) Shah Jahan
Answer:
b) Akbar

Question 5.
Who was the revenue minister of Akbar?
a) Birbal
b) Raja Bhagwan Das
c) Raja Todarmal
d) Raja Man Singh
Answer:
c) Raja Todarmal

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ………………was the name of the horse of Rana Pratap.
Answer:
Chetak

2. ……………….was a hall at FatehpurSikri where scholars of all religions met for a discourse.
Answer:
Ibadat Khana

3. The Sufi saint who received Akbar’s utmost respect was ………………..
Answer:
Salim Chishti

4. During the reign of ……………. the Zabti system was extended to the Deccan provinces.
Answer:
Shahjahan

5. ……………..were tax-free lands given to scholars and religious institutions.
Answer:
Suyurghal

III. Match the following

1. Babur	a) Ahmednagar
2. Durgavati	b) Jaipur
3. Rani chand Bibi	c) Akbar
4. Din Ilahi	d) Chanderi
5. Raja Man Singh	e) Central Province

Answer:

1. Babur	d) Chanderi
2. Durgavati	e) Central Province
3. Rani chand Bibi	a) Ahmednagar
4. Din Ilahi	c) Akbar
5. Raja Man Singh	b) Jaipur

IV. Write True or False :

1. Babur inherited Farghana, a small kingdom in Central Asia.
Answer:
True

2. Humayun succeeded in recapturing Delhi in 1565.
Answer:
False

3. Aurangzeb married a girl of a notable Rajput family.
Answer:
False

4. Jahangir ordered the execution of Sikh leader Guru Aijun for helping his son Khusrau.
Answer:
True

5. During Aurangzeb’s reign, architecture received much patronage.
Answer:
False

V. Consider the following statements. Tick (✓) the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : The British established their first factory at Surat.
Reason (R) : Jahangir granted trading rights to the English.
a) R is the correct explanation of A.
b) R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is wrong and R is correct.
d) (A) and (R) are wrong.
Answer:
a) R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Aurangzeb’s intolerance towards other religions made him unpopular among people.
Reason (R) : Aurangzeb re-imposed the jizya and pilgrim tax on the Hindus.
a) R is the correct explanation of A.
b) R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is wrong and R is correct.
d) (A) and (R) are wrong.
Answer:
a) R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 3.
Find out the correct statements
I) Kamran was the son of Afghan noble, Hasan Suri, ruler of Sasaram in Bihar.
II) Akbar abolished the jizya poll tax on non-Muslims and the tax on Hindu pilgrims.
III) Aurangzeb acceded the throne after killing his three brothers.
IV) Prince Akbar entered into a pact with Shivaji’s son Shambuji in the Deccan,
a) I), II) and III) are correct
b) II), III) and IV) are correct
c) I), III) and IV) are correct
d) III), IV) and I) are correct
Answer:
b) II), III) and IV) are correct

Question 4.
Arrange the battles in chronological order.
i) Battle of Khanwa
ii) Battle of Chausa
iii) Battle of Kanauj
iv) Battle of Chanderi
Answer:
i), iv), ii), iii)

Question 5.
Arrange the following administrative divisions in descending order
I)  Sarkars
II) Parganas
III) Subhas
Answer:
II), III), I)

VI. Match the father and son.

Father	Son
1. Akbar	a) Dilawar Khan
2. Daulat Khan Lodi	b) Rana Pratap
3. Hasan Suri	c) Humayun
4. Babur	d) Sher Shah
5. Uday Singh	e) Jahangir

Answer:

Father	Son
1. Akbar	e) Jahangir
2. Daulat Khan Lodi	a) Dilawar Khan
3. Hasan Suri	d) Sher Shah
4. Babur	c) Humayun
5. Uday Singh	b) Rana Pratap

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Write the circumstance that led to the Battle of Panipat in 1526.
Answer:
Babur did not have any ambition beyond Punjab till 1524. Then a greater opportunity came knocking. Dilawar Khan, who was Daulat Khan Lodi’s son, and Alam Khan, who was the uncle of Sultan of Delhi, arrived in Kabul to seek Babur’s help in removing Ibrahim Lodi from power. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the famous Battle of Panipat in 1526.

Question 2.
Mention did Humayun recapture the Delhi throne in 1555?
Answer:
With the help of the Persian ruler Shah Tahmasp of the Safavid dynasty, Humayun recaptured the Delhi throne in 1555.

Question 3.
Write a note on the Mansabdari system.
Answer:

• Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system.
• The nobles, civil and military officials were combined to form one single service in this system.
• A Mansabdar, hold such a rank which was dependent on Zat and Sawar.

VIII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Describe the land revenue administration of the Mughals.
Answer:

• Land Revenue was the main income source during the Mughal Period.
• It was toned up during the reign of Akbar.
• Raja Todar Mai, the Revenue Minister of Akbar, adopted and refined the system introduced by Sher Shah.

Zabt System:

• According to this system, after the survey, lands were classified based on the nature and fertility of the soil.
• The share of the state was 1/3 of average produce for 10 years.
• During the reign of Shah Jahan, the zabt system was extended to the Deccan provinces.

Jagir:

• The Mughal emperors enforced the old iqta system, renaming it a ‘Jagir’.
• The collection of revenue of an area and the power of governing were bestowed upon military or civil official named Jagirdar.
• The revenue collector was assisted by Potdar, Qanungo, the Patwari, and the Muqaddams.

Zamindars:
Zamindars collected taxes and maintained law and order with the help of Mughal officials and soldiers. Thus, they maintained the land revenue system.

Question 2.
Estimate Akbar as a patron of learning.
Answer:

• Akbar was a great patron of learning.
• He had a personal library that had more than 4000 manuscripts.
• He patronized scholars of all beliefs and all shades of opinions.
• He extended his benevolence to authors such as Abul Fazl, Abul Faizi, and Abdur Rahim khan-i-khanan and Birbal.

IX. HOTs:

Question 1.
Shah Jahan’s time witnessed the climax of Mughal splendour. Support this statement in comparison with the times of other Mughal rulers.
Answer:

• Shah Jahan’s time witnessed the climax of Mughal splendour.
• Because the famous Peacock throne, Tajmahal, Moti Masjid, the Pearl Mosque, the great Jama Masjid, Diwan-i-Khas, and Diwan – i – am were built during the reign of Shah Jahan.
• Other Mughal rulers Babur, Akbar, and Jahangir also lovers of architecture.
• But after Shahjahan’s reign, architecture did not receive much patronge.
• So in his reign came the climax of Mughal Splendour.

7th Social Science Guide The Mughal Empire Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer:

Question 1.
The founder of Mughal Empires
a) Babur
b) Humayan
c) Shershah
d) Akbar
Answer:
a) Babur

Question 2.
Babur led his first expedition towards India in
a) 1500
b) 1505
c) 1525
d) 1526
Answer:
b) 1505

Question 3.
Who was defeated Babur in the First Battle of Panipat?
a) Rana Sanga
b) Prithiviraj
c) Ibrahim Lodi
d) Daulatkhan Lodi
Answer:
c) Ibrahim Lodi

Question 4.
The Second Battle of Panipat was held in the year.
a) 1516
b) 1526
c) 1556
d) 1761
Answer:
c) 1556

Question 5.
South Indian women Ruler ………….. of Ahmed Nagar Glad to confront against Askbarf
a) Chand Bibi
b) Durgavati
c) Nurjahan
d) LakshmiBai
Answer:
a) Chand Bibi

6. The great composes and Musician in Akbar’s Court was ………………
a) Daswant
b) Tansen
c)Abdul Fazal
d) Birbal
Answer:
b) Tansen

Question 7.
Jahangir executed the Sikh leader
a) Ramadas
b) TejBahdaur
c) Govind Singh
d) Arjun
Answer:
d) Arjan

Question 8.
Purana Qila was built by
a) Akbar
b) Sher Shah Sur
e) Shan Jahan
d) Shivaji
Answer:
b) Sher Shah Sur

Question 9.
The Prime minister of the Mughal Government was called as
a) Wakil
b) Kotwals
e) Sawar
d) Peshuwa
Answer:
a) Wakil

Question 10.
Aurangzeb means
a) King of the world
b) light of the world
e) The Conqueror of the world
d) Tiger of the world
Answer:
c) The Conqueror of the world

II Fill in the blanks:

1. Mughal rule statted in India from …………….
Answer:
1526 A.D

2. …………….. and ……….. invited Babur to invade India.
Answer:
Dilawar Khan, Alam khan

3. The autobiography of Babur is ………………..
Answer:
Tuzuk-i-Baburi

4. Babur defeated Rana Sanga in the Battle of ……………. in 1527.
Answer:
Khanwa

5. Sher Shah Sur defeated Humayun in the Battle of ………… in 1539 and …………….. in 1540.
Answer:
Chausa, Kannauj

6. Persian ruler ………………….. helped Humayun to defeat Sher Shah.
Answer:
Shah Tahmasp

7. Sher Shah started the rule ……………….. of the dynasty at Agra.
Answer:
Sur

8. Akbar abolished the Poll tax named…………….
Answer:
Jizya

9. Sikh shrine Harmandir Sahib was built at ………..
Answer:
Amritsar

10. ……………, a hail of worship was built by Akbar.
Answer:
Ibadat Khana

11. The Sufi saint …………… was respected by Akbar.
Answer:
Salim Chishti

12. The artist in Akbar’s court was …………..
Answer: Daswant

13. ………………, a representative 01 King iames i or tngianci visiteo ianangirs cou
Ans:
Thomas Roe

14 ……………. maintained law and order in the Mughal Empire.
Answer:
Kotwals

15. Din Ilahi means ………………
Answer:
Divine faith

III. Match the following:

1. Babur	a) Battle of Chausa
2. Humayun	b) Battle of Ahom
3. Akbar	c) Battle of Chanderi
4. Aurangzeb	d) Battle of Haldighati

Answer:

1. Babur	c) Battle of Chanderi
2. Humayun	a) Battle of Chausa
3. Akbar	d) Battle of Haldighati
4. Aurangzeb	b) Battle of Ahom

IV Write true or false:

1. Humayun fell down the stairs of his library in Delhi and died.
Answer:
True

2. Babur led his First expedition to India in 1524 A.D
Answer:
False

3. Akbar treated all the religious groups fairly with the generosity of spirit.
Answer:
True

4. Humavun granted tradin2 ri2hts to the Portuguese and English.
Answer:
False

V. Consider the Following statements. (✓) Tick the appropriate answer.

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Mughals had to lose control over the trade routes to Afghanistan, Persia, and central Asia.
Reason (R) : There was a prolonged fight between Mughals and Sikhs
a) R is not the correct explanation of A b) R is the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct and R is wrong d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer:
b) R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Jahangir ordered the execution of Sikhs leader Guru Aijun
Reason (R) : For religious causes, Jahangir ordered the execution of guru Aijun
a) R is not the correct explanation of A b) R is the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct and R is wrong d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer:
a) R is not the correct explanation of A

VI. Circle the odd one out:

Babur, Humayun, Sher Shah, Jahangir
Answer:

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Who is Sher Shah?
Answer:

• Sher Shah was the son of an Afghan noble, Hasan Suri, the ruler of Sasaram in Bihar.
• He started the rule of the Sur dynasty at Agra.

Question 2.
Write a note on the Second Battle of Panipat.
Answer:

• The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between Hemu, a general of the Sur dynasty, and Akbar at Panipat in 1556.
• In this battle, Akbar’s general Bairam Khan defeated and killed Hemu.

Question 3.
Which women rulers fought against Akbar?
Answer:

• Rani Durgavati of Central Province.
• Rani Chand Bibi of Ahmed Nagar.

Question 4.
What is Din Ilahi?
Answer:
Akbar tried to include the good principles in all religions and formulated them into one single faith called Divine faith or Din -I – lahi.

Question 5.
Give a short note on Redfort.
Answer:

• Redfort also called Lai Qila is situated at Delhi.
• It was the residence of the Mughal emperors.
• It was constructed in 1639 by Shah Jahan.
• It has massive enclosing walls of red sandstone.

VIII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Estimate the Contribution of Mughal rulers towards art and architecture.
Answer:
All the Mughal Emperors show their keen interest in Art and Architecture.
Babur:

• Babur introduced the Persian style of architecture in India.
• He built many structures at Agra. Biana, Dholpur Gwalior, and Kiul.

Humayun:
Humayun built his royal palace Din-i-Panah and Delhi.

Akbar:
The Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-i-Am, Panch – Mahal, Rang Mahal, Salim Chishti’s Tomb and Buland Darwaza were built during Akbar’s time.

Jahangir:
Akbar’s tomb at Sikandara, Tomb of Itmad-ud-doula at Agra (father of Nur Jahan) was built by Jahangir.

Shahjahan:
The famous Peacock throne, Tajmahal, Moti Masjid, Pearl Mosque at Agra, Red Fort, Jamma Masjid of Delhi, Diwan-i-Khas, and Diwan-i-am in Delhi were built by Shah Jahan.

Aurangzeb:

• The Bibi ka Maqbara a mausoleum was built during Aurangzeb. period.
• Shahjahan’s Period witnessed the Mughal splendour in architecture.

 

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf History Term 3 Chapter 2 Art and Architecture of Tamil Nadu Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions History Term 3 Chapter 2 Art and Architecture of Tamil Nadu

7th Social Science Guide Art and Architecture of Tamil Nadu Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Which is the oldest structural temple in south India?
a) Shore Temple
b) Mandagapattu
c) Kailasanatha Temple
d) Vaikuntha Perumal Temple
Answer:
a) Shore Temple

Question 2.
In which year were the Mamallapuram monuments and temples notified as a UNESCO world Heritage site?
a) 1964
b) 1994
c) 1974
d) 1984
Answer:
d) 1984

Question 3.
What was the special feature of the architecture of early Chola period?
a) bas-reliefs
b) vimanas
c) corridors
d) gopurams .
Answer:
b) Vimanas

Question 4.
Where is the Azhakiya Nambi Temple situated?
a) Tirukkurungudi
b) Madurai
c) Tirunelveli
d) Srivilliputhu
Answer:
a) Tirukkurungudi

Question 5.
Who built the Vaikuntha Perumal Temple?
a) Mahendravarman
b) Narasimhavarman
c) Rajasimha
d) Rajaraja II
Answer:
d) Rajaraja II

II. Fill in the Blanks:

1. …………………. was the first rock-cut cave temple built by the Pallava king Mahendravarman.
Answer:
Mandagapattu

2. The early Chola architecture followed the style of………………….
Answer:
Sembian Mahadevi

3. The most celebrated mandapam in Madurai Meenakshiamman temple is the………………….
Answer:
Pudumandapam

4. Later Chola period was known for beautiful………………….
Answer:
gopurams

5. Vijayanagar period’s unique feature is the………………….
Answer:
mandapam

III. Match the following:

A	B
1. Seven Pagodas	a) Madurai
2. Rathi mandapam	b) Darasuram
3. Iravatheswara temple	c) Tirukkurungudi
4. Adinatha Temple	d) Shore temple
5. Pudumandapam	e) Azhwar Tirunagari

Answer:

A	B
1. Seven Pagodas	d) Shore temple
2. Rathi mandapam	c) Tirukkurungudi
3. Iravatheswara temple	b) Darasuram
4. Adinatha Temple	e) Azhwar Tirunagari
5. Pudumandapam	a) Madurai

IV. Find out the wrong pair/pairs:

Question 1.
1. Krishnapuram Temple – Tirunelveli
2. Kudalazhagar Temple – Azhwar Tirunagari
3. Sethupathis – Feudatories of Madurai Nayaks
4. Jalagandeshwara temple – Vellore
Answer:
2. Kudalazhagar Temple – Azhwar Tirunagari

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : The predominance of corridors of Rameswaram Temple is striking. Reason (R) : The Temple has the largest set of corridors in the world,
a) R is not the correct explanation of A
b) R is the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct but R is wrong
d) Both A arid R are wrong
Answer:
b) R is the correct explanation of A

Question 3.
Find out the odd one out:
Srivilliputhur, Azhaharkoil, Srirangam, Kanchipuram Tiruvannamalai.
Answer:

Question 4.
Name the epoch of the following:
a) A.D. 600 to 850 – ………………………………………………
b) A.D. 850 to 1100 – ………………………………………………
c) A.D. 1100 tol350 – ………………………………………………
d) A.D. 1350 tol600 – ………………………………………………
Answer:
a) A.D. 600 to 850 – The Pallava Epoch
b) A.D. 850 to 1100 – Early Chola Epoch
c) A.D. 1100 tol350 – Later Chola Epoch
d) A.D. 1350 tol600 – Vijaynagara /Nayak Epoch

Question 5.
Find out the correct statement/s:
1. The Arjuna’s Penance is carved out of a granite boulder.
2. Meenakshi Amman temple in Madurai represents Pallava’s architectural style.
3. The cave temple at Pillayarpatti is a contribution of Later Pandyas.
4. The Sethupathis as feudatories of Madurai Nayaks contributed to Madurai Meenakshiamman Temple.
Answer:
1. The Arjuna’s Penance is carved out of a granite boulder.
3. The cave temple at Pillayarpatti is a contribution of Later Pandyas.

V. State true or false:

1. Rajasimha built the Kanchi Kailasanatha temple.
Answer:
True

2. Early Pandyas were the contemporaries of Later Cholas.
Answer:
False

3. Rock-cut and structural temples are significant parts of the Pandya architecture.
Answer:
True

4. Brahadeeshwara temple was built by Rajendra Chola.
Answer:
True

5. Vijayanagar and Nayak paintings are seen at temple at Dadapuram.
Answer:
False

VI. Give short answers:

Question 1.
Write a note on Pancha Pandava Rathas.
Answer:

1. The Tamil Dravid tradition is exemplified by rock-cut- monuments.
2. Such as Draupadiratha, Dharmarajaratha, Bheemaratha, Arjunaratha, and Nagula – Sahadeva Ratha.

Question 2.
Throw light on the paintings of Sittanavasal
Answer:

• Sittanavasal is located at Pudukkottai district.
• It have outstanding early Pandya paintings.
• They painted the walls with fresh painting.
• Among the surviving ones,the lot of pond is not able for its excellent execution of colours and exposition of the scene.

Question 3.
Point out the special features of Thanjavur Big temple.
Answer:

1. The Thanjavur BigTemple completed around A.D.1010 was built by Rajaraja.
2. It was a huge temple complex.
3. The 216 feet vimana is not able as it is one of the tallest man-made shikaras in the world.
4. The huge bull statue (Nandi) is carved out of a single rock.

Question 4.
Highlight the striking features of Rameswaram Temple.
Answer:

• The Sethupathis ruled Ramanathapuram was built the temple.
• In the temple, the predominance of the corridor striking.
• It is claimed that this temple has the longest set of corridors in the world.
• The temple has three sets of corridors.
• The outer set of the corridors has a height of almost 7metres and stretches for about 120 metres.
• Many of these pillar sare decorated by ornate carvings. .

VII. Answer the following in detail:

Question 1.
The Pallava epoch witnessed a transition from rock-cut to free-standing temples – Explain.
Answer:

• The Pallava king Mahendravarman was a pioneer in rock-cut architecture.
• Rock-cut temples were initially built by carving a rock to the required design and then rocks were cut to build temples.
• Mandaga pattu temple was the first trock-cut temple built by him.
• The rock-cut cave structure has two pillar sin the front that hold it.
• All the cave temple shaves implesanctum cut on there a side of the wall with a front age – projecting mandapa(pavilion).
• The structural temples provided a wider scope to the sculptor to use his skill.

Question 2.
Discuss how the architecture of the Vijayanagara and Nayak period was different from the one of Pallavas and Later Cholas.
Answer:

• During the Vijayanagara epoch,a new form of construction emerged.
• The main features of the Vijayanagar and Nayak architecture are:
• Decorated mandapas
• Ornamental pillars
• Life-size images
• Gopuras
• Prakaras
• Music pillars
• Floral works and stone windows
• Tanks are attached to the temple
• Massive gopurarrts at four sides.
• niches with sculptures.
• These as found at
• Alakiya Nambi temple atTirukkurungudi
• Ranganatha temple complex at Srirangam
• Adinatha temple – Azhwar Tirunagari
• Nellaiyappar temple -Tirunelveli
• The 1000-pillar mandapam – Madurai
• Meenakshi Amman temple – madurai
• Rathi Mandapam – Tirukkurungudi
• Vanamamalai Temple – Nanguneri
• The Jalagandeshwara temple – Vellore,
• The temples at Thadikompu near Dindugal.

VIII. Hots:

Question 1.
Dravidian architecture is of indigenous origin – Explain.
Answer:

• Dravidian architecture is of indigenous origin.
• It advanced overtime by a process of evolution.
• The earliest examples of the Tamil Dravidian architectural tradition were the 7th-century rock-cut shrines at Mahabalipuram.
• The absence of monuments in South India prior to the 7th century is attributed by scholars to temples that ought to have been built in wood, which was eventually destroyed by forces of nature.
• In TamilNadu, the evolution of temple architecture took place in five stages:
  • The Pallava Epoch.
  • Early Chola Epoch.
  • Later Chola Epoch.
  • Vijayanagara / Nayak Epoch.
  • Modem Epoch.

Question 2.
Temple art was at its best during the Nayak Period – Elucidate.
Answer:

• The main features of the Vijayanagar and Nayak architecture are decorated, mandapas,ornamental pillars,life-size images, gopuras, prakaras, music pillars,
• Floral works and stone windows during the 15th to 17th centuries.
• Tanks are attached to the temples. Gateways to temple are constructed from Four directions with massive gopurams.
• The practice of fitting then inches with sculptures continued during the Nayak period.
• There was an increased use of major sculpted figures(relief sculpturejas found at the Alakiya Nambite mpleat Tirukkurungudi (Tirunelveli district) and the Gopalakrishna temple in the Ranganatha temple complex at Srirangam.
• The southern festival mandapam of Adinatha temple at AzhwarTirunagari and the porch of the Nellaiyappar temple at Tirunelveli are other notable examples.

7th Social Science Guide Art and Architecture of Tamil Nadu Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer:

Question 1.
The Pallava Epoch in Tamilnadu is ………………
a) A.D 600-850
b) A.D 850-1100
c) A.D 1350-1850
d) A.D 1100-1350
Answer:
a) A.D 600-850

Question 2.
The Pallava king ………………was a pioneer in rock-cut architecture.
a) Narasimma varman
b) Mahendravarman
c) Simha Varman
d) Vaathabi Kondan
Answer:
b) Mahendravarman

Question 3.
The ……………… Penance, carved on the face of a granite boulder, is a magnificent relief.
a) Arjun’s
b) Sivam
c) Vishnu
d) Thirumal
Answer:
a) Arjun’s

Question 4.
In the Siva temple of Pandyas, the ……………… is carved out of the mother rock.
a)Vimanam
b) Gopuram
c) lutes
d) linga
Answer:
d) linga

Question 5.
Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai and Nellaiappar Temple in Tirunelveli represent examples of ……………… architectural style.
a) Pandya’s
b) Cheran
c) Chola
d) Vijaynagar
Answer: a) Pandya’s

Question 6.
The maturity attained by ……………… architecture is reflected in the two magnificent temples of Thanjavur and Gangaikonda Cholapuram.
a) Cheran
b) Cholas
c) Pandiyas
d) Vijayanagar
Answer:
b) Cholas

Question 7.
………………, near Kumbakonam, is a Later Chola period temple.
a) Kalugumalai
b) Arykkudi
c) Dharasuram
d) Thiruvadalan
Answer:
c) Dharasuram

Question 8.
The cave temple at ………………(near Karaikudi, TamilNadu) belonging to 13th century.
a) Irrukkaikudi
b) Aryakkudi
c) Varalanpadi
d) Pillayarpatti
Answer:
d) Pillayarpatti

Question 9.
The practice of fitting the with sculptures continued during the Nayak period.
a) Mandapam
b) Gopuram
c) lutes
d) niches
Answer:
d) niches

Question 10.
The Later Chola period was known for beautiful
a) Mandapam
b) Gopuram
c) Nandi
d) Theppakulam
Answer:
b) Gopuram

II. Fill in the Blanks:

1. The ……………… epoch witnessed a transition from rock-cut to free-standing temples.
Answer:
Pallava

2. Mandagapattu temple was the first rock-cut temple built by ……………….
Answer:
Mahendravarman

3. TheKanchi ………………was built by the Pallava king, Rajasimha.
Answer:
Kailasanatha Temple

4. The monolithic sculpture made at Mahabalipuram is ………………
Answer:
Pancha Pandava Rathas.

5. The Mamallapuram monuments and temples were notified as a ……………… in 1984.
Answer:
UNESCO

6. Early Pandyas were the contemporaries of the ………………
Answer:
Pallavas

7. The Vettuvankoil, a monolithic temple at ………………, is hewn out of a huge boulder on four sides.
Answer:
Kazhugumalai

8. Many early Pandya images are unearthed now in ……………… museum at Madurai.
Answer:
Tirumalai Nayakkar

9. Sittanavasal was a residential cave of the ………………
Answer:
Jain monks

10. For the early Chola epoch, the temple at ……………… Tamilnadu is worth mentioning.
Answer:
Tindivanam, Dadapuram

11. At the time the Big Temple of ……………… was constructed, it was a huge temple complex.
Answer:
Thanjavur

12. The Brihadeeshwara temple of ………………, is undoubtedly as worthy a successor to the Brihadeeshwara
temple of Thanjavur.
Answer:
Gangaikonda Cholapuram

13. The Kalyana mandapam at ………………, Jalagandeshwar temple are notable examples.
Answer:
Vellore

14. At Vijayanagar epoch, the mandapam and port of ……………… at Adinatha are special features.
Answer:
Azhwar temple

15. The Sethupathis ruled ………………and contributed to the Ramanathaswamy temple architecture.
Answer:
Ramanathapuram

III. Match the following:

A	B
1. Dwarapalas	a) Mandivarman-II
2. Vaigunda Perumal Kovil	b) Monolithic temple
3. Arjuna’s Penance	c) Sittanavasal paintings
4. Kazhugumalai	d) Gate Keepers
5. Pudukottai	e) 100ft long, 45ft wide

Answer:

A	B
1. Dwarapalas	d) Gate Keepers
2. Vaigunda Perumal Kovil	a) Mandivarman-II
3. Arjuna’s Penance	e) 100ft long, 45ft wide
4. Kazhugumalai	b) Monolithic temple
5. Pudukottai	c) Sittanavasal paintings

IV. Find out the wrong pair/pairs:

Question 1.
Find out the wrong pair/pairs
1. Iravatheswara – Indira’s elephant
2. Pillayarpatti – A beautiful Ganesha
3. Rameshwaram Temple – Theppakulam
4. 1000 pillar mandapams – Meenakshi Amman Temple
5. Gangai Konda Solapuram – Chola Capital
Answer:
3. Rameshwaram Temple – Theppakulam

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : The Thanjavur Big Temple is one of the highest temple in the World.
Reason (R) : Due to its massive height, the shikhara is called the Dakshina Meru.
a) R is not the correct explanation of A
b) R is the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct but R is wrong
d) Both A and R are wrong
Answer:
b) R is the correct explanation of A

Question 3.
Find the odd one out:
Arjuna’s Penance, Rock, cut, temple, Kailasanathar temple, Palani Malai temple
Answer:

Question 4.
Find out the correct statement/s.
1. In Dharasuaram near Kumbakonam Vyayanagar King’s temple is situated.
2. Rock-cut and structural temples are significant part of Pandya architecture.
3. The maturity attained by Pallava’s architecture is reflected in the two magnificent temples of Thanjavur and Gangai Konda Cholapuram.
4. The Temple at Dadapuram, near Tindivanam in Tamilnadu is worth mentioning of Later Chola Epoch.
Answer:
2. Rock-cut and structural temples are significant part of Pandya architecture.

V. State true or false:

1. Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) is built of cut stones rather than carved out of caves.
Answer:
True

2. Pandyas installed Nandi in the sanctums in their cave temples.
Answer:
false

3. The Puddukottai Sittanavasal Lotus Pond is the excellent execution.
Answer:
True

4. Tanjavur served as the Chola capital for about 250 years, until the decline of the Cholas and the rise of the Pandyas.
Answer:
False

VI. Give short answers:

Question 1.
Write short note about the specialities of Mamallapuram.
Answer:
The Mamallapuram monuments and temples, including the Shore Temple complex, were notified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984.

Question 2.
Write about Kazhugumalai sculpture.
Answer:

• The Vettuvankoil, a monolithic temple at Kazhugumalai, is hewn out of a huge boulder on four sides.
• At the top of the temple, sculptures of Uma Maheswarar, Dakshinamoorthy, Vishnu and Brahma are found.

Question 3.
Write about Pillayarpatti Karpaka Vinayagar temple.
Answer:

• The cave temple at Pillayarpatti (near Karaikudi, TamilNadu) belonging to 13th century.
• This temple is important both for its sculptures and for an inscription.
• A beautiful Ganesha is carved facing the entrance. .

Question 4.
What are the specialities of Ganga – kondacholapuram?
Answer:

• Gangaikonda Cholapuram served as the Chola capital.
• It was built by Rajendra Chola.
• The height of the temple is 5 5 metres.
• The sanctum has two storeys.
• The outer wall has many projections with niches and recesses on three sides.

VII. Answer the following in detail:

Question 1.
Mention the places of Pallavas Creation.
Answer:

• Mahendravadi – Pallavaram
• Mahabalipuram – Thirukazhukundram
• Vallam – Mammandur
• Mandagapattu – Melaiserri
• Kanchi – Chengalpattu.

Question 2.
List out the Vijayanagar temple of Tamilnadu Architecture.
Answer:

• Kanchi – Vaikuntha Perumal Temple.
• Tirunelveli – Nellaiappar Temple Corridor.
• Vellore – Jalagandeshwar Temple.
• Azhwar Tirunagari – Adinatha Temple.
• Thanjavur – Brihadeeshwara Temple.
• Madurai – Meenakshi Amman Temple

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 4 Electric Charge and Electric Current Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Electric Charge and Electric Current

9th Science Guide Electric Charge and Electric Current Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
In current electricity, a positive charge refers to,
(a) presence of electron
(b) presence of proton
(c) absence of electron
(d) absence of proton
Answer:
(c) absence of electron

Question 2.
Rubbing of comb with hair
(a) creates electric charge
(b) transfers electric charge
(c) either (a) or (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b)
Answer:
(b) transfers electric charge

Question 3.
Electric field lines ……………….. from positive charge and ……………………..in negative charge.
(a) start; start
(b) start; end
(c) start: end
(d) end; end
Answer:
(b) or (c) start, end

Question 4.
Potential near a charge is the measure of its……………to bring a positive charge at that point.
(a) force
(b) ability
(c) tendency
(d) work
Answer:
(d) work

Question 5.
Heating effect of current is called,
(a) Joule heating
(b) Coulomb heating
(c) Voltage heating
(d) Ampere heating
Answer:
(a) Joule heating

Question 6.
In an electrolyte, the current is due to the flow of
(a) electrons
(b) positive ions
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b)
Answer:
(c) both (a) and (b)

Question 7.
Electroplating is an example of
(a) heating effects
(b) chemical effects
(c) flowing effects
(d) magnetic effect
Answer:
(b) chemical effect

Question 8.
Resistance of a wire depends on,
(a) temperature
(e) nature of material
(b) geometry
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

II. Match the following

1. Electric Charge	(a) ohm
2. Potential difference	(b) ampere
3. Electric field	(c) coulomb
4. Resistance	(d) newton per coulomb
5. Electric current	(e) volt

Answer:
1 – c, 2 – e, 3 – d, 4 – a, 5 – b

III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement:

1. Electrically neutral means it is either zero or equal positive and negative charges.
Answer:
True.

2. Ammeter is connected in parallel in an electric circuit.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Ammeter is connected in series in an electric circuit.

3. The anode in the electrolyte is negative.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The anode in the electrolyte is positive.

4. Current can produce the magnetic field.
Answer:
True.

IV. Fill in the blanks :

1. Electrons move from …………….. potential to …………….. potential.
Answer:
lower, higher

2. The direction opposite to the movement of electron is called …………….. current.
Answer:
conventional

3. The e.m.f of a cell is analogues to a pipeline.
Answer:
water pump

4. The domestic electricity in India is an ac with a frequency of Hz.
Answer:
50

V. Conceptual Questions:

Question 1.
A bird sitting on a high power electric line is still safe. How?
Answer:
Birds don’t get shocked when they sit on electrical wires because they are not good conductors of electricity. Electricity flowing through a single power line at 35,000 volts will continue along the path of least resistance and bypass birds because there is no difference in electrical potential.

Question 2.
Does a solar cell always maintain the potential across its terminals constant? Discuss.
Answer:
Solar cell delivers a constant current for any given illumination level, while the voltage is determined by the load resistance. Potential in a solar cell depends on the intensity of solar radiation. Since the intensity of solar radiation is not always constant, the potential across its terminal is also not constant.

Question 3.
Can electroplating be possible with the alternating current?
Answer:
Electroplating is a process where there is a continuous flow of ions for the deposition of copper, which is not possible in an Alternating current. Therefore, electroplating is possible with DC only, for the sake of perfectness and homogeneity of the electroplating.

VI. Answer the following:

Question 1.
On what factors does the electrostatic force between two charges depend?
Answer:
The electrostatic force between two charges depend on the following factors;

• value of charges on them,
  
• distance between them, and
  
• nature of medium between them.

Question 2.
What are the electric lines of force?
Answer:
The lines representing the electric field are called electric lines of force.

Question 3.
Define electric field.
Answer:
The electric lines of force are straight or curved paths along which a unit positive charge tends to move in the electric field.

Question 4.
Define electric current and give its unit.
Answer:
The electric current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge through any section of a conductor.
Electric current I = Q/t
Its unit is Cs^-1
Its SI unit: ampere (A).

Question 5.
State Ohm’s law.
Answer:
Ohm’s law states that electric potential difference across two points in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the current passing through it. That is V ~ I
The proportionality constant is the resistance (R) offered between the two points.
Hence, Ohm’s law is written as V = RI (or) V = IR
Where, V is the potential difference in volt (V), I is the current flow in ampere (A), R is the resistance in ohm (Ω)

Question 6.
Name any two appliances which work under the principle of heating effect of current.
Answer:
Electric heating appliances like an iron box, water heater, toaster, etc.

Question 7.
How are the home appliances connected in general, in series or parallel? Give reasons.
Answer:
The home appliances are connected in parallel. This is because, when the appliances are connected in parallel, each of them can be switched on and off independently. This is a feature that is essential in house wiring. Also, if the appliances were wired in series, the potential difference across each appliance would vary depending on the resistance of the appliance.

Question 8.
List the safety features whilehandling electricity.
Answer:
(i) Ground connection: The metal bodies of all the electrical appliances are to be connected to the ground by means of a third wire apart from the two wires used for electrical connection.

(ii) Trip switch: It is an electromechanical device which does not allow a current beyond a particular value by automatically switching off the connection.

(iii) Fuse: A fuse is another safety mechanism which works on the joule heating principle.

VII. Exercises:

Question 1.
Rubbing a comb on hair makes the comb get – 0.4C.
(a) Find which material has lost electron and which one gained it.
(b) Find how many electrons are transferred in this process.
Answer:
a. Comb gained electrons. Dry hair lost an electron
b. No. of electrons transferred = -0.4 C
1 coulomb = 6.25 × 10¹⁸ electron
– 0.4 C = 0.4 × 6.25 × 10¹⁸ electrons
= -2.5 × 10¹⁸ electrons

Question 2.
Calculate the amount of charge that would flow in 2 hours through an element of an electric bulb drawing a current of 2.5A.
Answer:
Current I = 2.5 A
time t = 2 hours = 2 × 3600 seconds
t = 7200 s
Amount of charge Q = I × t = 2.5 × 7200
Q = 18,000

Question 3.
The values of the current (I) flowing through a resistor for various potential differences V across the resistor are given below. What is the value of resistor?

[Hint: plot V-I graph and take slope]
Answer:

Intext Activities

ACTIVITY – 1

Take a condemned electronic circuit board in a TV remote or old mobile phone. Look at the electrical symbols used in the circuit. Find out the meaning of the symbols known to you.


[End of the activity]

ACTIVITY – 2
Cut an arrow shaped strip from aluminium foil. Ensure that the head is a fine point. Keep the arrow shaped foil on a wooden board. Connect a thin pin to two lengths of wire. Connect the wires to the terminals of electric cell, may be of 9V. Press one pin onto the pointed tip and the other pin at a point about one or two mm away. Can you see that the tip of aluminum foil starts melting?

Aim :
To understand the heating effect of electric current.

Materials Required :
Aluminum strip, wooden board, bell pins, cell of 9 V.

Procedure :
Cut an arrow shaped strip from aluminum foil. Keep the arrow shaped foil on a wooden board. Connect a pin to two lengths of wire. Connect the wires to the terminals of electric cell of 9 V. Press one pin onto the pointed tip and another pin at a point about one or two mm away.

Observation :
The tip’of aluminum foil starts melting.

Conclusion :
It starts melting because the electrons while moving in the wire suffer resistance. Work is done to overcome the resistance which is converted into heat energy. This conversion of electrical energy into heating energy is called the heating effect of electric current.

ACTIVITY – 3

Take a beaker half filled with copper sulphate solution. Take a carbon rod from a used dry cell. Wind a wire on its upper end. Take a thick copper wire, clean it well and flatten it with a hammer. Immerse both the copper wire and carbon rod in the copper sulphate solution. Connect the carbon rod to the negative terminal of an electric cell and copper wire to the positive terminal of the cell. Also ensure that the copper and the carbon rod do not touch each other, but are close enough. Wait and watch. After some time you would find fine copper deposited over the carbon rod. This is called as electroplating. This is due to the chemical effect of the current.

Aim:
Electroplating carbon rod with copper.

Materials Required:
Beaker, copper sulphate solution, carbon rod, thick copper wire and hammer.

Procedure :

• Take a beaker half filled with copper sulphate solution.
• Take a carbon rod and wind a wire on its upper end.
• Take a thick copper wire, clean it well and flatten it with a hammer.
• Immerse both the copper wire and carbon rod in the copper sulphate solution.
• Connect the carbon rod to the negative terminal of the cell and copper wire to the positive terminal of the cell.
• Ensure both the rods do not touch each other, but are close enough.
• Observe for some time.

Observation :
After some time, we would find fine copper deposited over the carbon rod.

Conclusion :
When the current passes through the copper sulphate solution, the copper ions migrate from the copper sulphate solution towards the cathode (-ve terminal). These copper ions get deposited on the carbon rod and form a coating of a fine layer on it.

This process of coating a metal over another metal by electrolysis is called electroplating. This is due to the chemical effect of electric current.

9th Science Guide Electric Charge and Electric Current Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
A current of 2A passing through the conductor produces 80 J of heat in 10 seconds. The resistance of the conductor is ……………..
(a) 0.5Ω
(b) 2Ω
(c) 4Ω
(d) 20Ω
Answer:
(b) 2Ω

Question 2.
The resistance of a straight conductor is independent of …………………..
(a) temperature
(b) material
(c) cross sectional area
(d) shape of cross section
Answer:
(d) shape of cross section

Question 3.
Two resistances R1 and R2 are connected is parallel. Their equivalent resistance is


Answer:

Question 4.
If in the circuit, power dissipation is 150 W, then R is ……………..

(a) 2Ω
(b) 6Ω
(c) 5Ω
(d) 4Ω
Answer:
(b) 6Ω

Question 5.
The force between two parallel wires carrying currents has been used to define…………..
(a) ampere
(b) coulomb
(c) volt
(d) watt
Answer:
(a) ampere

Question 6.
Electric current passes through a metallic conductor due to the movement of ……………
(a) ions
(b) ampere
(c) electrons
(d) protons
Answer:
(c) electrons

Question 7.
What is the maximum resistance one can make with ten 1Ω resistors?
(a) 1Ω
(b) 2Ω
(c) 5Ω
(d) 10Ω
Answer:
(d) 10Ω

Question 8.
Two conductors of resistance 2 R and R are connected in series in a battery circuit. The ratio of heat developed In them is ……………………
(a) 2 : 1
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 3
(d) 1 : 4
Ans:
(a) 2 : 11

Question 9.
1 volt = …………..


Answer:

Question 10.
The resistance of a conductor is R. If Its length is doubled, then its new resistance will be ……………….
(a) R
(b) 2R
(c) 4R
(d) 8R
Answer:
(C) 4R

Question 11.
The following is not a safety device.
(a) Fuse
(b) Trip switch
(c) Ground connection
(d) Wire
Answer:
(d) wirel

Question 12.
In India the frequency of alternating current is,
(a) 220 Hz
(b) 50 Hz
(c) 5 Hz
(d) 100 Hz
Answer:
(b) 50 Hz

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The number of electrons constituting 1-coulomb charge is………………….
Answer:
6.25 × 10¹⁸

2. Resistors are connected in series if the resistance of the electric circuit is to be………………….
Answer:
increased

3. Electric fuse is a wire made up of a material having ………………….melting point.
Answer:
low

4. ………………….is the only non-metal that is a good conductor of electricity.
Answer:
Graphite

5. If the area of cross section of the conductor is doubled its resistance gets ………………….
Answer:
halved

6. A negative charge will move from …………………. to …………………. potential.
Answer:
lower, higher

7. ………………….is work done per unit charge.
Answer:
Potential difference

8. An electrochemical cell converts …………………. energy into …………………. energy.
Answer:
chemical, electrical

9. Three resistors are connected in series with a cell. If the current in each resistor is 1.5A, then the current through the cell will be ………………….. Answer:
1.5A

10. Three resistors are connected in parallel with a battery. If the current in each resistor is 2A, then the current through the battery will be …………………..
Answer:
6A

11. As electrons are revolving in the ………………….of an atom they can be easily removed from an atom and also added to it.
Answer:
orbits

12. If an electron is added in excess to an atom then the atom is ………………….charged.
Answer:
negatively

13. The excess of electrons make an object negative and ………………….of electrons make it positive.
Answer:
deficit

14. Electric charge is ………………….in nature.
Answer:
additive

15. Electric lines of force are ………………….lines.
Answer:
imaginary

16. For an isolated positive charge the electric lines of force are radial…………………. and for an isolated negative charge they are radial…………………..
Answer:
outwards, inwards

17. ………………….at a point is a measure of force acting on a unit positive charge placed at that point.
Answer:
Electric field

18. Electric potential is a measure of the ………………….on the unit positive charge to bring it to that point against all electrical forces.
Answer:
work done

19. The movement of positive charge is called as ………………….
Answer:
conventional current

20. The …………………. is the measure of opposition offered by the component to the flow of electric current through it.
Answer:
resistance

21. The process of conduction of electric current through solution is called………………….
Answer:
electrolysis

22. The device used to convert AC to DC is called………………….
Answer:
rectifier

23. Trip switch is a …………………. safety device.
Answer:
electro mechanical

III. True or False:

1. A fuse is used in an electric circuit to stop high current flowing through the circuit.
Answer:
True.

2. Rheostat is also known as fixed resistance.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Rheostat is also known as a variable resistance.

3. An ammeter is always placed in parallel with the circuit.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: An ammeter is always placed in series with the circuit.

4. The resistance of a dry human body is high.
Answer:
True.

5. For current to flow, one needs art open circuit.
Answer:
Correct statement: For current to flow, one needs a closed circuit.

6. A comb rubbed with hair and brought near pieces of paper attracts them, because both comb and paper get similarly charged.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: A comb rubbed with hair and brought near pieces of paper attracts them, because both comb and paper get oppositely charged.

7. Overloading of electric circuits can lead to short-circuiting.
Answer:
True.

8. Electrons in outer orbits are called free electrons.
Answer:
True.

9. Electric fuse works on the Joule heating principle.
Answer:
True.

IV. Match the following:

I.

Column I	Column II
1. Resistor	a) Galvanometer
2. Connecting wire	b) Voltmeter
3. Current in an electric circuit	c) Copper
4. Potential difference	d) Constantan

Answer:
1-d, 2-c, 3 -a, 4-b

II.

Column I	Column II
1. Electric power	a) Volt
2. Electrical energy	b) Coulomb
3. Electric charge	c) Watt
c) Watt	d) Joule

Answer:
1-c, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a

V. Assertion and Reason type questions :

Mark the correct choice as :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Electric current will not flow between two charged bodies when connected if their charges are the same.
Reason (R): Current is the rate of flow of charge.
Answer:
(d) Assertion is false but the reason is true
Reason: Current will not flow when two bodies are at the same potential. When their charges are the same, their potential may be different. Hence current may flow in this case.

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : A bird perches on a high power line and nothing happens to the bird.
Reason (R) : The level of the bird is very high from the ground.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false
Reason: Electric shock is due to the electric current flowing through a living body. When the bird perches on a single high power line, no current passes through its body. Because its body is at an equipotent surface (i.e.) there is no potential difference. While when a man touches the same line, standing bare foot on the ground the electrical circuit is completed through the ground. The hands of man are at high potential and his feet are at low potential. Hence the large amount of current flows through the body of the man and the person, therefore, gets a fatal shock.

VI. Answer in one word:

Question 1.
Name the force which acts between two point charges obey Newton’s third law.
Answer:
Electrostatic force.

Question 2.
What is the SI unit for the current?
Answer:
ampere (A).

Question 3.
Name the device which is used to measure the strength of the electric current in an electric circuit.
Answer:
Ammeter.

Question 4.
What is the rate at which charges flow past a point on a circuit?
Answer:
Current.

Question 5.
Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across conductors.
Answer:
Cell or battery.

Question 6.
What does the circuit symbol represent?
Answer:
Wire crossing without touching each other.

Question 7.
How many electrons accumulate to make 1C of electric charge?
Answer:
1C = 6.25 × 10¹⁸ electrons.

Question 8.
What is the charge of one electron?
Answer:
e= 1.6 × 10^-19C.

Question 9.
What is the measure of the work done on the unit positive charge to bring it to that point against all electrical forces?
Answer:
Electric potential

Question 10.
How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit to measure the potential difference between two points?
Answer:
Parallel

VII. Subjective Problems:

Question 1.
Calculate the charge passing through a lamp in 2 minutes if the current is 3A.
Solution:
Current I = 3A
Time t = 2 minutes = 120seconds
Charge q = ?
q = I × t = 3 × 120
Charge q = 36.C

Question 2.
Calculate the current in a wire if a charge of 1500 coulomb flows through it in 5 minutes.
Solution:
Charge q = 1500 C
Time t = 5 minutes = 300 seconds
Current I =?
I = q/t = \(\frac{1500}{300}\)
Current I = 5A

Question 3.
A charge of 400C flows through a conductor for 13 minutes and 20 seconds. Find the magnitude of the current flowing through the conductor.
Answer:
Q = 400C
t = 13 min and 20s = 13 × 60 + 20
= 780 + 20
= 800s
Current I = \(\frac{Q}{t}=\frac{400}{800}=0.5 \mathrm{A}\)

Question 4.
10²⁰ electrons, each having a charge of 1.6 x 10^-19 C, flows in a circuit V is 0.1s. What is the current in ampere?
Solution :
n = 10²⁰ electrons
e = 1.6 × 10^-19C
t = 0.1s
Charge q = ne
= 10²⁰ × 1.6 × 10^-19
= 16C
Current I = \(\frac{q}{t}=\frac{16}{0.1}=160 \mathrm{~A}\)
∴ Current = 160 A

VIII. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
a State Ohm’s law.
b. Draw a circuit diagram for the verification of ohm’s law. Also, plot graphically the variation of current with a potential difference.
Answer:
a. Ohm’s law states that the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional
to the potential difference a cross its ends, provided the physical conditions like temperature density etc. remain unchanged V ∝ I or V = IR.
b.

Question 2.
a. Why is series arrangement not used for domestic cricuits?
b. Explain why fuse wire is always connected in series arrangement.
c. Why are copper and aluminium wires useually employed for electricity transmission?
Answer:
a. Series arrangement is not used for domestic circuits because same current will flow through all the appliances. The equivalent resistance will get added and hence the current drawn by the circuit will be less.

b. Fuse wire is always connected in series in a circuit as it has to check the flow of current through the circuit and prevent the extra flow of current through it.

c. Fuse wire is always connected in series in a circuit as it has to check the flow of current through the circuit and prevent the extra flow of current through it.

Question 3.
Explain the dangers of electricity and precautions to be taken while handling electricity.
Answer:

• Damaged insulation – Do not touch the bare wire, use safety gloves, and stand on an insulating stool or rubber slippers while handling electricity.
• Overheating of cables – use quality ISI certified cable wires for domestic wiring
• Overload of power sockets – do not connect too many electrical devices to a single electrical socket.
• Inappropriate use of electrical appliances – always uses the electrical appliances according to the power rating of the device like AC point, TV point, microwave oven point, etc.
• Environment with moisture and dampness – keep the place where there is electricity out of moisture and wetness as it will lead to leakage of electric current.
• Beyond the reach of children – the electrical sockets are to be kept away from the reach of little children who do not know the dangers of electricity.

Question 4.
Write the difference between resistance in series and in parallel.
Answer:

IX.

Question 1.
Distinguish e.m.f and potential difference.
Answer:
As both e.m.f and potential difference are measured in volt, they may appear the same. But they are not. The e.m.f refers to the voltage developed across the terminals of an electrical source when it does not produce current in the circuit. Potential difference refers to the voltage developed between any two points (even across electrical devices) in an electric circuit when there is current in the circuit.

Question 2.
Some common symbols in the electrical circuit.
Answer:

Question 3.
Write a note on direct current.
Answer:

• Current in electrical circuits is due to the motion of positive charge from higher potential to lower potential or electron from lower to higher electrical potential.
• Electrons move from negative terminal of the battery to positive of the battery. Battery is used to maintain a potential difference between the two ends of the wire.
• Battery is one of the sources for dc current. The dc is due to the unidirectional flow of electric charges. Some other sources of dc are solar cells, thermocouples etc. The graph depicting the direct current is shown in Figure.
  
• Many electronic circuits use dc. Some examples of devices which work on dc are cell phones, radio, electric keyboard, electric vehicles etc.

Question 4.
Write a note on alternating current.
Answer:

• If the direction of the current in a resistor or in any other element changes its direction alternately, the current is called an alternating current.
• The alternating current varies sinusoidally with time. This variation is characterised by a term called as frequency.
• Frequency is the number of complete cycle of variation, gone through by the ac in
  one second. s
• In ac, the electrons do not flow in one direction because the potential of the terminals vary between high and low alternately.
• Thus, the electrons move to and fro in the wire carrying alternating current. It is diagrammatically represented in Figure

Question 5.
Explain the advantages of Ac over Dc.
Answer:

• The voltage of ac can be varied easily using a device called transformer. The ac can be carried over long distances using step-up transformers.
• The loss of energy while distributing current in the form of ac is negligible. Direct current cannot be transmitted as such.
• The ac can be easily converted into dc and generating ac is easier than dc
• The ac can produce electromagnetic induction which is useful in several ways.

X. Define the following:

1. Electric force: The force existing between the charges is called an ‘electric force’.
2. Electric potential: Electric potential is a measure of the work done on the unit positive charge to bring it to that point against all electrical forces.
3. Conventional current and electron current: The movement of the positive charge is called as ‘conventional current’. The flow of electrons is termed as ‘electron current’.
4. Current: Current is the rate at which charges flow past a point on a circuit.
5. Electromotive force (e.m.f.): The e.m.f of an electrical energy source is one volt if one joule of work is done by the source to drive one coulomb of charge completely around the circuit.
6. One ohm: One ohm is the resistance of a component when the potential difference of one volt applied across the component drives a current of one ampere through it.
7. Fixed resistor: A fixed resistor has a resistance of a fixed value. Common types of fixed resistors include carbon film resistors and wire-wound resistors.
8. Variable resistor: A variable resistor has a resistance that can be varied. It is used to vary the amount of current flowing in a circuit.
9. Electrolysis and electrolyte: The process of conduction of electric current through solutions is called ‘electrolysis’. The solution through which the electricity passes is called ‘electrolyte’.
10. Synaptic signals: Extremely weak electric current is produced in the human body by the movement of charged particles. These are called synaptic signals. These signals are produced by the electrochemical process. They travel between the brain and the organs through the nervous system.
11. Magnetic effect of current: A wire or a conductor carrying current develops a magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the flow of current. This is called the magnetic effect of current.
12. Frequency: Frequency is the number of the complete cycle of variations, gone through by the ac in one second.
13. Rectifier: The device used to convert ac to dc is called a rectifier.
14. Resistance: The measure of opposition offered by the component to the flow of electric current through it.
15. Resistors: The components used for providing resistance are called resistors.